See also: and
U+6BCB, 毋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BCB

[U+6BCA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6BCC]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 80, 毋+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 田十 (WJ), four-corner 77500, composition ⿻⿻𠃋𠃌𠂇(GHTV) or ⿻⿻𠃋𠃌(JK))

  1. Kangxi radical #80, .

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/毋

References

  • KangXi: page 588, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2380, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BCB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms vernacular Hakka and Min Nan
vernacular Hakka and Min Nan
vernacular Min Nan
vernacular Min Nan

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
*mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
*hmlɯːʔ
*ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
*mɯ
*mɯʔ
*mɯʔ
*mɯʔ
*mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
*mɯʔ
*mɯʔ
*mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
*mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
*mrɯŋʔ
*mrɯŋʔ
*ma
*mɯː
*mɯː
*mɯː
*mɯːʔ
*mɯːs
*mɯːs, *hmɯːs
*hmɯːs
*hmɯːs
*hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
*mrɯl

In the oracle bone script, (“mother”) was borrowed to represent this character. It was later specialized to distinguish it from “mother”, replacing the two dots with one stroke.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • Sixian:
    • mù - literary;
    • m̀ - vernacular.
  • Meixian:
    • vu2 - literary;
    • m2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • bû - literary;
  • m̄ - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/mio/
Shao
Rongfen
/mio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muə̆/
Li
Rong
/mio/
Wang
Li
/mĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ mju ›
Old
Chinese
/*mo/
English don"t

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9301
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ma/
Notes

Definitions

  1. (literary) do not, don't
  2. (literary or Hakka, Hokkien) not
    捌字 [Min Nan]   Góa pat-jī. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   I'm illiterate (literally: I don't know characters)
    趙王 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    赵王 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
    Zhàowáng wèi qín, yù xíng. [Pinyin]
    The King of Zhao feared the state of Qin, and thus wanted to not travel to Qin.
  3. (literary) Alternative form of (, “to not have”).
  4. A surname.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , , , , ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Harbin
Shenyang
Jinan
Muping
Luoyang
Wanrong
Xi'an
Xining
Xuzhou
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Liuzhou
Kunming
Yangzhou
Nanjing
Hefei
Nantong
Malaysia
Singapore
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Taishan
Dongguan
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Lichuan
Pingxiang
Hakka Meixian
Xingning
Huidong
Qujiang
Xiaosanjiang
Changting
Pingyu
Wuping
Liancheng
Ninghua ,
Yudu
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Huizhou Jixi
Jin Taiyuan
Xinzhou
Min Bei Jian'ou , 𣍐
Min Dong Fuzhou , 𣍐
Matsu , 𣍐
Min Nan Xiamen , ,
Quanzhou , ,
Zhangzhou , ,
Taipei , ,
Kaohsiung , ,
Penang , ,
Chaozhou ,
Shantou ,
Haikou
Leizhou
Pinghua Nanning
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou
Chongming ,
Danyang
Jinhua
Ningbo
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Loudi

Compounds

  • 毋望之禍毋望之祸
  • 毋望之福
  • 毋枉毋縱毋枉毋纵
  • 毋翼而飛毋翼而飞
  • 毋須毋须 (wúxū)

References


Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. do not, must not, be not
  2. "mother" radical

Readings

  • Go-on: (mu)
  • Kan-on: (bu)
  • Kun: ない (nai, 毋い); なかれ (nakare, 毋れ)

Usage notes

Not used in Japanese shinjitai in isolation – instead the unsimplified is used – but simplified form is used universally in compound jōyō characters, such as , .

However, not used in hyōgaiji, which are written in kyūjitai, such as .


Korean

Hanja

(mu) (hangeul , revised mu, McCuneReischauer mu, Yale mu)

  1. do not
  2. not
  3. surname
  4. rad. 80

Vietnamese

Han character

()

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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