苫

苫 U+82EB, 苫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82EB
← 苪
[U+82EA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 苬 →
[U+82EC]

Translingual

Han character

苫 (radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 44601, composition ⿱艹占)

  1. rush or straw matting

References
  • KangXi: page 1024, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3189, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 苫

Pronunciation 1
Rime
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失廉切 舒贍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shān shàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shān shàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component		 占 占
Rime
group		 談 談
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 苫 閃
Old
Chinese		 /*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions

苫

  1. to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失廉切 舒贍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shān shàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shān shàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component		 占 占
Rime
group		 談 談
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 苫 閃
Old
Chinese		 /*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions

苫

  1. straw mat

Japanese

Kanji
苫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. woven mat

Readings

Alternative forms
Kanji in this term
苫
とま
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

⟨to2ma⟩ → */təma/ → /toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 泊まる (tomaru, “to stay”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

苫 (hiragana とま, rōmaji toma)

  1. a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
    • c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 6, poem 302; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 1)
      秋 (あき)の田 (た)のかりほの庵 (いほ)の苫 (とま)をあらみわが衣 (ころも)手 (で)は露 (つゆ)にぬれつつ
      aki no ta no kariho no io no toma o arami waga koromode wa tsuyu ni nuretsutsu
      Coarse is the rush mat of my harvest-hut, sheltering the harvested ears of this autumn day; so my sleeves are growing wet with the evening dew.[2]
  2. (historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 苫 (とま)小 (こ)牧 (まい) (Tomakomai)
  • 苫 (とま)手 (て) (tomate)
  • 苫 (とま)の屋 (や) (toma no ya)
  • 苫 (とま)庇 (びさし) (tomabisashi)
  • 苫 (とま)舟 (ぶね), 苫 (とま)船 (ぶね) (tomabune)
  • 苫 (とま)葺 (ぶ)き (tomabuki)
  • 苫 (とま)屋 (や) (tomaya)

Proper noun

苫 (hiragana とま, rōmaji Toma)

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
苫
とば
Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun

苫 (hiragana とば, rōmaji toba)

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
  2. (rare) a kimono
Derived terms
  • 長 (なが)苫 (とば) (nagatoba)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
苫
のま
Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

Noun

苫 (hiragana のま, rōmaji noma)

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Andrea Grafetstätter; Sieglinde Hartmann (2011), James Michael Ogier, editor, Islands and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History: Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (Volume 14 of Beihefte zur Mediaevistik), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 116

Korean

Hanja

苫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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