菩薩

See also: 菩萨

Chinese
phonetic
trad. (菩薩) 菩 薩
simp. (菩萨) 菩 萨

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 菩 薩
Reading # 1/4 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 薄胡切 桑割切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /buo/ /sɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /buo/ /sɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bo/ /sɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bɔ/ /sat̚/
Li
Rong		 /bo/ /sɑt̚/
Wang
Li		 /bu/ /sɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱuo/ /sɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 pú sa

Etymology 1

Short for 菩提薩埵／菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), itself from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.

Noun

菩薩

  1. (Buddhism) bodhisattva
  2. (figuratively, sometimes ironic) kind-hearted person; kind and charitable person
Synonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms from 菩薩
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (菩薩):

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Khmer ពោធិ៍សាត់ (Pothi៍sat).

Proper noun

菩薩

  1. (～省) Pursat (a province of Cambodia)
  2. (～市) Pursat (a city in Pursat, Cambodia)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
菩 薩
ぼ
Jinmeiyō		 さつ
Jinmeiyō
goon kan’on

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/

Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”)[1][2][3][4][5][6] or Pali bodhisatta.

Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩 (pou4 saat3).

Pronunciation

Noun

菩薩 (hiragana ぼさつ, rōmaji bosatsu)

  1. (Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva
    Synonyms: 開士 (kaishi, kaiji), 大士 (daishi)
  2. (obsolete) a title granted by the imperial court to notably virtuous high-ranking monks
  3. (archaic) a title applied to native Shinto deities after the spread of 本地垂迹 (honji suijaku, theological position prevalent until the Meiji period, explaining that Buddhist deities from India choose to appear in Japan as native kami)
  4. in gagaku circles, a dancer dressed up as a bodhisattva
  5. (colloquial) Synonym of 米 (kome): rice grains
  6. (by extension) a maidservant who cooks rice

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 菩薩 (ぼさつ)戒 (かい) (bosatsu-kai)
  • 菩薩 (ぼさつ)行 (ぎょう) (bosatsu-gyō), 菩薩 (ぼさつ)道 (どう) (bosatsu-dō)
  • 菩薩 (ぼさつ)乗 (じょう) (bosatsu-jō)
  • 生 (い)き菩薩 (ぼさつ) (iki bosatsu)
  • 延命 (えんめい)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Enmei Bosatsu)
  • 月光 (がっこう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Gakkō Bosatsu)
  • 歌舞 (かぶ)の菩薩 (ぼさつ) (kabu no bosatsu)
  • 外面 (げめん)似 (じ)菩薩 (ぼさつ)内心 (ないしん)如 (にょ)夜叉 (やしゃ) (gemen ji-bosatsu naishin nyo-yasha)
  • 観自 (かんじ)在 (ざい)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kanjizai Bosatsu)
  • 観世 (かんぜ)音 (おん)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kanzeon Bosatsu), 観音 (かんのん)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kannon Bosatsu)
  • 脇士 (きょうじ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (kyōji-bosatsu)
  • 旧住 (くじゅう)の菩薩 (ぼさつ) (kujū no bosatsu)
  • 救 (く)世 (せ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kuse Bosatsu)
  • 救脱 (くだつ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kudatsu Bosatsu)
  • 化 (け)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (kebosatsu)
  • 虚空 (こくう)蔵 (ぞう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kokūzō Bosatsu)
  • 興正 (こうしょう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kōshō Bosatsu)
  • 五大 (ごだい)力 (りき)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Godairiki Bosatsu)
  • 金剛 (こんごう)蔵王 (ぞうおう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Kongō-zōō Bosatsu)
  • 𦬇 (ささ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (sasa bosatsu)
  • 慈 (じ)氏 (し)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Jishi Bosatsu)
  • 持 (じ)地 (じ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Jiji Bosatsu)
  • 地蔵 (じぞう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Jizō Bosatsu)
  • 四 (し)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Shi-bosatsu)
  • 地涌 (じゆ)の菩薩 (ぼさつ) (jiyu no bosatsu)
  • 上行 (じょうぎょう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Jōgyō Bosatsu)
  • 常啼 (じょうたい)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Jōtai Bosatsu)
  • 勢至菩薩 (せいしぼさつ) (Seishi Bosatsu)
  • 大悲 (だいひ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Daihi Bosatsu)
  • 大 (だい)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (dai-bosatsu)
  • 多 (た)羅 (ら)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Tara Bosatsu)
  • 二 (に)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (ni-bosatsu)
  • 二十 (にじゅう)五 (ご)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Nijūgo-bosatsu)
  • 女 (にょ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (nyobosatsu)
  • 如 (にょ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (nyobosatsu)
  • 不軽 (ふきょう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Fukyō Bosatsu)
  • 普賢 (ふげん)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Fugen Bosatsu)
  • 仏 (ぶつ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (butsu-bosatsu)
  • 妙音 (みょうおん)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Myōon Bosatsu)
  • 妙見菩薩 (みょうけんぼさつ) (Myōken Bosatsu)
  • 弥勒 (みろく)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Miroku Bosatsu)
  • 文殊 (もんじゅ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Monju Bosatsu)
  • 薬王 (やくおう)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Yakuō Bosatsu)
  • 勇 (ゆ)施 (せ)菩薩 (ぼさつ) (Yuse Bosatsu)

Proper noun

菩薩 (hiragana ぼさつ, rōmaji Bosatsu)

  1. title of a piece of gagaku, categorized in the 唐楽 (tōgaku, literally “Tang music”) style

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
菩 薩
ぼ
Jinmeiyō		 さち
Jinmeiyō
goon

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC buo sɑt̚), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC buo dei sɑt̚ tuɑX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

Noun

菩薩 (hiragana ぼさち, rōmaji bosachi)

  1. (Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva
    • c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Suzumushi)
      阿 (あ)彌 (み)陀 (だ)仏 (ぶつ)けうしのほさちおのおの白 (びゃく)たんしてつくり奉 (たてまつ)りたる...
      Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...
      (please add an English translation of this example)

See also

References
  1. “菩薩”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. “菩薩”, in 世界大百科事典 第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainiban, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
  5. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. “菩薩”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

Korean
Hanja in this term
菩薩

Noun

菩薩 • (bosal) (hangeul 보살)

  1. Hanja form? of 보살 (“bodhisattva”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
菩薩

Noun

菩薩

  1. Hán tự form of bồ tát (“bodhisattva”).
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