U+9F3E, 鼾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F3E

[U+9F3D]
CJK Unified Ideographs 鼿
[U+9F3F]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 209, +3, 17 strokes, cangjie input 竹中一十 (HLMJ), four-corner 21240, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1530, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48505
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2066, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4779, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9F3E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms ⿰𢍂干 (second-round simplified)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
*kaːn
竿 *kaːn
*kaːn
*kaːn
*kaːn
*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
*kaːn
*kaːn, *ɡaːns
*kaːn
*kaːn, *ɡaːn
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːns
*kaːns
*kaːns
*kaːns
*kaːns, *ɡraːns
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kaːnʔ
*kʰaːn
*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
*ŋɡaːns
*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
*qʰaːnʔ
*ɡaːn
*ɡaːnʔ
*ɡaːnʔ
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡaːns
*ɡʷranʔ
*ɡraːns
*kan
*ɡan, *ɡʷad
*qʰan
*qʰan
*qʰaːŋʔ
*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *kaːn).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hal (to snore). Compare Tibetan ཧལ (hal, to pant; to wheeze; to snort; to snore).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • hôaⁿ/hoaⁿ - vernacular;
  • hôⁿ/kôⁿ - also written as ;
  • han - literary.
Note:
  • huan5 - vernacular;
  • hang1 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (32) (33)
Final () (61) (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hɑn/ /ɦɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/hɑn/ /ɦɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xɑn/ /ɣɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/han/ /ɦanH/
Li
Rong
/xɑn/ /ɣɑnH/
Wang
Li
/xɑn/ /ɣɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xɑn/ /ɣɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hān hàn
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3606 3621
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰaːn/ /*ɢaːns/
Notes

Definitions

  1. (literary or Min Nan) to snore
  2. snore; snoring
       hān   to snore

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 打鼾 (“to snore”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 打鼾
Mandarin Beijing 打呼嚕, 打呼
Taiwan 打鼾, 打呼嚕, 打呼
Harbin 打呼嚕兒
Hailar 打呼嚕
Ulan Hot 打呼嚕
Tongliao 打呼嚕
Chifeng 打鼾
Bayanhot 扯呼, 打呼嚕
Jinan 打呼嚕
Muping 打呼嚕, 打呼
Luoyang 扯呼嚕, 扯黑嘍
Wanrong 打鼾睡
Xi'an 打鼾睡, 拉鼾睡, 打呼嚕
Qingdao 打呼嚕
Zhengzhou 打呼嚕
Xining 打呼嚕, 打呼
Xuzhou 打呼嚕, 打呼兒
Yinchuan 扯呼
Lanzhou 拉呼, 扯呼
Ürümqi 扯呼, 打呼兒
Wuhan 打鼾, 打呼
Chengdu 扯撲鼾, 打撲鼾
Guiyang 扯撲鼾, 打撲鼾
Guilin 打呼
Liuzhou 扯呼, 扯鼾, 打鼾, 打呼嚕
Kunming 打鼾
Yangzhou 打呼
Nanjing 打呼
Hefei 打呼
Nantong 打呼
Cantonese Guangzhou 打鼻鼾, 扯鼻鼾
Hong Kong 打鼻鼾, 扯鼻鼾
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 扯鼻鼾
Foshan 打鼻鼾
Shunde 打鼻鼾
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 打鼻鼾
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 打鼻梁
Taishan 鼻龍徑響
Kaiping (Chikan) 鼻囊徑響
Dongguan 打鼻鼾
Shaoguan 打鼻鼾
Yunfu 扯鼻鼾
Yangjiang 鼻囊響
Xinyi 打鼻鼾
Lianjiang 打鼻鼾
Nanning 扯鼻鼾, 打鼻鼾
Wuzhou 扯鼻鼾
Kuala Lumpur 扯鼻鼾
Gan Nanchang 打鼾
Lichuan 打鼾睡
Pingxiang 扯鼾睡
Hakka Meixian 打噴睡, 噴睡
Luchuan 打呼嚕
Changting 打鼾
Shicheng 孔鼻
Shangyou 打鼾屁
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牽覺, 噴睡
Liudui (S. Sixian) 燉飯干, 牽覺
Hsinchu (Hailu) 牽覺
Dongshi (Dabu) 吹包, 打呵, 牽覺
Hsinchu (Raoping) 牽覺
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 牽大念
Hong Kong 扯鼻鼾
Senai 打鼻鼾
Huizhou Jixi 打呼
Jin Taiyuan 打鼾睡, 打呼嚕
Xinzhou 打鼾睡
Baochang 打鼾
Jining 打鼾水
Hohhot 打鼾睡, 打呼嚕
Baotou 打鼾水
Dongsheng 打鼾
Linhe 打鼾睡
Haibowan 打呼嚕
Min Bei Jian'ou 𢫦呼嚕, 𢫦鼾
Min Dong Fuzhou 拍鼾
Min Nan Xiamen , 起鼾,
Quanzhou , 起鼾
Zhangzhou 鼾眠, 起鼾, ,
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Taichung 吹包仔
Wuqi
Hsinchu
Taitung
Lukang
Sanxia
Yilan
Magong
Pingnan 扯風箱
Chaozhou
Shantou
Johor Bahru 拍呼
Haikou
Pinghua Nanning 喉嚨響
Guilin 打呼
Wu Shanghai 打昏塗
Suzhou 打昏
Wuxi 打呼嚕, 欠昏
Hangzhou 打迷鼾
Wenzhou 鼾起, 睏鼾起
Chongming 打昏塗
Danyang 打呼
Jinhua 打鼾
Ningbo 打眠鼾
Xiang Changsha 打鼾
Quanzhou 打呼嚕

Compounds

  • 鼾聲雷動鼾声雷动
  • 鼾鼻
  • 鼾鼾
  • 鼾齁 (hānhōu)
  • 鼾齁如雷

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かん
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC hɑn, ɦɑnH, “snoring”).

Only found in compounds. Not used in isolation.

Pronunciation

Affix

(hiragana かん, rōmaji kan)

  1. snoring
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
いびき
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of (i, breath, breathing) + 引き (hiki, pulling, drawing, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 引く hiku “to pull, to draw”).[1][2] The hiki changes to biki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana いびき, rōmaji ibiki)

  1. snoring, a snore
Derived terms

Verb

する (hiragana いびきする, rōmaji ibiki suru)

  1. to snore
Conjugation
Synonyms
Usage notes

The verb sense “to snore” is more commonly expressed using the verbal phrases 掻く (ibiki o kaku, literally to make a snoring sound) or 立てる (ibiki o tateru, literally to raise a snore, to put up a snore).

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
くつち
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Apparently the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of obsolete verb 鼾つ (kutsutsu, to sleep while snoring, possibly onomatopoeic).[1]

The epilepsy sense may have arisen from how one's breathing may be spastic and vaguely similar to snoring when suffering an epileptic seizure.

However, the conjugation of this putative verb is unknown, and it is only encountered in what would be the nominalized 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of kutsuchi.[1] This leaves open the possibility of alternative origins:

  • May be a compound of (kutsu, mouth, the bound form of modern (kuchi), only found in compounds) + (chi, wind, from the way that snoring often happens when breathing through the mouth, or from the way that an epileptic seizure may involve spastic breathing vaguely similar to snoring).
  • The epilepsy sense may be a compound of (kutsu, mouth, the bound form of modern (kuchi), only found in compounds) + (chi, blood, from the common occurrence of biting one's tongue during an epileptic seizure).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana くつち, rōmaji kutsuchi)

  1. (archaic, rare) snoring
  2. (archaic, rare) epilepsy
Derived terms
Synonyms

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(han) (hangeul , McCuneReischauer han, Yale han)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(han)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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