absurd
See also: absürd
English
Etymology
First attested in 1557. From Middle French absurde, from Latin absurdus (“incongruous, dissonant, out of tune”),[1] from ab (“away from, out”) + surdus (“silent, deaf, dull-sounding”).[2] Compare surd.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /əbˈsɜːd/
- (US) IPA(key): /æbˈsɝd/, /æbˈzɝd/, /əbˈsɝd/, /əbˈzɝd/
- (Canada) IPA(key): /æbˈzɝd/
- Rhymes: -ɜː(r)d
Audio (US) (file)
Adjective
absurd (comparative absurder or more absurd, superlative absurdest or most absurd)
- Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [First attested in the mid 16th century.][3]
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part I, V-iv
- This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
- ca. 1710, Alexander Pope
- This phrase absurd to call a villain great
- 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
- “Perhaps it is because I have been excommunicated. It's absurd, but I feel like the Jackdaw of Rheims.” ¶ She winced and bowed her head. Each time that he spoke flippantly of the Church he caused her pain.
- 1979, Roger Hodgson (lyrics), “The Logical Song”, in Breakfast in America, performed by Supertramp:
- I know it sounds absurd / But please, tell me who I am
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part I, V-iv
- (obsolete) Inharmonious; dissonant. [Attested only in the early 17th century.][3]
- Having no rational or orderly relationship to people's lives; meaningless; lacking order or value.
- (Can we date this quote?) Adults have condemned them to live in what must seem like an absurd universe. - Joseph Featherstone
- Dealing with absurdism.
Usage notes
- In the comparative and superlative degrees, the forms more absurd and most absurd (rather than absurder and absurdest) are generally preferred.
- Among the synonyms:
- Irrational is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an irrational course of life.
- Foolish rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish enterprises.
- Absurd rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc.
- Preposterous rises still higher, and supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the horse;" as, a preposterous suggestion, preposterous conduct, a preposterous regulation or law.
Synonyms
- foolish, irrational, ridiculous, preposterous, inconsistent, incongruous, ludicrous
- See also Thesaurus:absurd
Derived terms
Translations
contrary to reason or propriety
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Noun
absurd (plural absurds)
- (obsolete) An absurdity. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 17th century.][3]
- (philosophy, often preceded by the) The opposition between the human search for meaning in life and the inability to find any; the state or condition in which man exists in an irrational universe and his life has no meaning outside of his existence. [First attested in English in the early 20th century and first used in the mid-19th century in Danish by Kierkegaard.][3][4]
Derived terms
- theatre of the absurd
Translations
obsolete: an absurdity
that which is absurd
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked
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References
- Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN), page 7
- Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 8
- “absurd” in Lesley Brown, editor, The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 10.
- "Søren Kierkegaard" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Further reading
- absurd in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- absurd in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Catalan
Pronunciation
Derived terms
Related terms
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /absurd/, [ɑbˈsuɐ̯ˀd̥]
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French absurde, from Latin absurdus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑpˈsʏrt/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ab‧surd
- Rhymes: -ʏrt
Inflection
Inflection of absurd | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | absurd | |||
inflected | absurde | |||
comparative | absurder | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | absurd | absurder | het absurdst het absurdste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | absurde | absurdere | absurdste |
n. sing. | absurd | absurder | absurdste | |
plural | absurde | absurdere | absurdste | |
definite | absurde | absurdere | absurdste | |
partitive | absurds | absurders | — |
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Declension
Positive forms of absurd
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist absurd | sie ist absurd | es ist absurd | sie sind absurd | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | absurder | absurde | absurdes | absurde |
genitive | absurden | absurder | absurden | absurder | |
dative | absurdem | absurder | absurdem | absurden | |
accusative | absurden | absurde | absurdes | absurde | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der absurde | die absurde | das absurde | die absurden |
genitive | des absurden | der absurden | des absurden | der absurden | |
dative | dem absurden | der absurden | dem absurden | den absurden | |
accusative | den absurden | die absurde | das absurde | die absurden | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein absurder | eine absurde | ein absurdes | (keine) absurden |
genitive | eines absurden | einer absurden | eines absurden | (keiner) absurden | |
dative | einem absurden | einer absurden | einem absurden | (keinen) absurden | |
accusative | einen absurden | eine absurde | ein absurdes | (keine) absurden |
Comparative forms of absurd
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist absurder | sie ist absurder | es ist absurder | sie sind absurder | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | absurderer | absurdere | absurderes | absurdere |
genitive | absurderen | absurderer | absurderen | absurderer | |
dative | absurderem | absurderer | absurderem | absurderen | |
accusative | absurderen | absurdere | absurderes | absurdere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der absurdere | die absurdere | das absurdere | die absurderen |
genitive | des absurderen | der absurderen | des absurderen | der absurderen | |
dative | dem absurderen | der absurderen | dem absurderen | den absurderen | |
accusative | den absurderen | die absurdere | das absurdere | die absurderen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein absurderer | eine absurdere | ein absurderes | (keine) absurderen |
genitive | eines absurderen | einer absurderen | eines absurderen | (keiner) absurderen | |
dative | einem absurderen | einer absurderen | einem absurderen | (keinen) absurderen | |
accusative | einen absurderen | eine absurdere | ein absurderes | (keine) absurderen |
Superlative forms of absurd
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist am absurdesten | sie ist am absurdesten | es ist am absurdesten | sie sind am absurdesten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | absurdester | absurdeste | absurdestes | absurdeste |
genitive | absurdesten | absurdester | absurdesten | absurdester | |
dative | absurdestem | absurdester | absurdestem | absurdesten | |
accusative | absurdesten | absurdeste | absurdestes | absurdeste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der absurdeste | die absurdeste | das absurdeste | die absurdesten |
genitive | des absurdesten | der absurdesten | des absurdesten | der absurdesten | |
dative | dem absurdesten | der absurdesten | dem absurdesten | den absurdesten | |
accusative | den absurdesten | die absurdeste | das absurdeste | die absurdesten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein absurdester | eine absurdeste | ein absurdestes | (keine) absurdesten |
genitive | eines absurdesten | einer absurdesten | eines absurdesten | (keiner) absurdesten | |
dative | einem absurdesten | einer absurdesten | einem absurdesten | (keinen) absurdesten | |
accusative | einen absurdesten | eine absurdeste | ein absurdestes | (keine) absurdesten |
Related terms
- Absurdismus
- Absurdität
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /apˈzuʀt/, [ɑbˈzuχt]
Audio (file)
Adjective
absurd (masculine absurden, neuter absurd, comparative méi absurd, superlative am absurdsten)
Declension
declension of absurd
number and gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | hien ass absurd | si ass absurd | et ass absurd | si si(nn) absurd | |
without article | nominative/accusative | absurden | absurd | absurd | absurd |
dative | absurdem | absurder | absurdem | absurden | |
with article | nominative/accusative | absurden | absurd | absurd | absurd |
dative | absurden | absurder | absurden | absurden |
Norwegian Bokmål
Related terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Related terms
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈap.surt/
Audio (file)
Noun
absurd m inan
- nonsense
- Jego propozycje to jeden wielki absurd.
- His suggestions are one big load of nonsense.
- Jego propozycje to jeden wielki absurd.
Declension
Derived terms
- absurdalny — adjective absurd
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /abˈsurd/
Adjective
absurd m or n (feminine singular absurdă, masculine plural absurzi, feminine and neuter plural absurde)
Declension
declension of absurd
Swedish
Declension
Inflection of absurd | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | absurd | absurdare | absurdast |
Neuter singular | absurt | absurdare | absurdast |
Plural | absurda | absurdare | absurdast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | absurde | absurdare | absurdaste |
All | absurda | absurdare | absurdaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. |
Related terms
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