stāvēt

From Proto-Baltic *stā-, from Proto-Indo-European *stā- < *steh₂- (“to stand”)), whence also Latvian stāt, of which stāvēt was originally the iterative-durative form. Initially stāvēt was an i-stem, hence the older conjugated forms stāvju, stāvim, stāvit. The derived prefixed forms of stāvēt have often developed independent meanings (ex. aizstāvēt “to defend,” or pārstāvēt “to represent”), only historically derivable from the meaning of the original stem. Cognates include Lithuanian stovė́ti, Old Church Slavonic ставити (staviti, “to put, to place”), Russian ста́вить (stávit’), Ukrainian ста́вити (stávyty), Bulgarian ста́вя (stávja, “to get up; to become; to suit, to be appropriate; to happen; to grow”), Czech staviti (“to put, to build; to delay”), Polish stawić (“to put, to build, to plant”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stōjan, “to judge”) (maybe < *stōwjan (*stōwjan)), 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰 (staua, “court”), Old English stowian (“to stop, to delay”), English stow.[1]

• IPA^(key): [stāːvɛ̂ːt]

stāvēt intr., 3rd conj., pres. stāvu, stāvi, stāv, past stāvēju

1. to stand (to be in an upright position, supported by one's legs)

   stāvēt nekustīgi, mierīgi ― to stand still

   stāvēt stalti ― to stand tall

   stāvēt taisni ― to stand up straight

   stāvēt uz pirkstgaliem ― to stand on (one's) toes

   stāvēt uz vienas kājas ― to stand on one leg

   stāvēt uz ceļiem ― to stand on (one's) knees

   stāvēt uz rokām ― to stand one (one's) hands

   stāvēt uz galvas ― to stand one (one's) head

   stāvēt ar muguru pret durvīm ― to stand with (one's) back to the door

   stāv, atspiedies pret krāsni ― he stands, leaning against the stove

   suns stāv pie durvīm ― the dog is standing at the door

   stāvēt pakaļkājās, uz pakaļkājām ― to stand on its hind legs

   stāv ka stabs ― he stands like a pillar

   stāvēt sētsvidū ― to stand in the courtyard

   stāvēt uz ielas ― to stand on the street

   stāvēt pie loga ― to stand by the window

   stāvēt zem koka ― to stand under the tree

   stāvēt blakus tēvam ― to stand near (one's) father

   stāvēt lietū ― to stand under the rain

   stāvēt rindā pie kases ― to stand in line at the checkout

   ilgi stāvēju pie autobusa pieturas ― I stood a while at the bus stop

   nav pieklājīgi visu laiku kājās stāvēt! apsēdies! ― it is not polite to be standing on one's legs all the time! do sit down!

   viņš nokļuva pie sārta, ap kuru liels pulks cilvēku stāvēja un sēdēja ― he came to the fire, around which a large crowd of people stood and sat

2. (of objects) to stand (to be in an upright position, resting on its base, so that it does not fall over)

   svece stāv taisni ― the candle is standing straight

   masts stāv slīpi ― the mast is standing at an angle

3. to stand, to work, to be (to perform some activity, to do one's work, one's duty, usually in an upright position)

   stāvēt aiz letes ― to stand, work behind the counter

   stāvēt pie plīts ― to stand, work at the stove

   stāvēt pie virpas ― to stand, work at the lathe

   stāvēt godasardzē ― to stand, be in the honor guard

   stāvēt postenī ― to stand, be in one's position, station

   stāvēt sardzē ― to stand in guard (= to defend something)

   katrs matrozis pēc kārtas te vienu stundu un divdesmit minūtes stāvēja pie stūres ― each sailor would stand an hour and twenty minutes at the helm, following a row

4. (usually in the imperative) to stop (to interrupt one's motion, to remain immobile)

   stāvi, citādi šaušu! ― stop (= freeze), or else I'll shoot!

5. (of vehicles) to stop, to not be in motion (somewhere)

   vienu dienu skatos: Igora traktors stāv ― one day I look: Igors' tractor is standing (= idle, not in use)

   vilciens pašreiz stāvēja pie kādas mazas lauku piestātnes, kur ņēma slimajiem tējas ūdeni ― the train was now standing at the small platform of a field, where the sick were being given tea water

   netālu stāv kāds liels amerikāņu tvaikonis, kurā iekrauj milzīgus sarkankoka stumbrus ― not far stood a large American steamber, in which large redwood trunks were being loaded

6. (of machines) to stop, to not work

   visus šos mēnešus pulkstenis bija stāvējis ― all those months the clock had stood (= had not worked)

   dzirnavas strādāja... ja vecais Pakalns nebūtu noaudis siksnu, varbūt tās vēl tagad stāvētu ― the mills were working... if the old Pakalns had not woven/made the strap, maybe they would still be standing (= not working)

7. (of flying objects, creatures) to be, to hover (to hover, to remain in the air, without much changing position)

   debesīs augstu stāv vanags ― high in the sky was, hovered(lit. stood) a hawk

   viens mākonis apstājies stāv ― one cloud, having stopped, stands (= does not move)

   mākoņi nekad nevar norimt, kaut arī liekas stāvam uz vietas ― clouds can never fade (away), they just seem somehow to stand (= be) in one place

   mežmalā virs dumbrāja... lidinājās plēsīgais vanags; it kā gaisā pakāries, tas ilgāku laiku stāvēja uz vietas, bet tad līdzīgi akmenim stāvus nokrita lejā ― over the edge of a forest swap... hovered a hunting hawk; as if hanging in the air, he stood for a long time in one place, and then fell down standing like a stone

8. (figuratively, of work) to stand (to not be done, to not progress, to not be carried out)

   nepabeigtais romāns stāv ― the unfinished novel stands (= is not being written, is not going forward)

   adīklis stāv neaiztikts ― the knitting stood (= remained) untouched

   laiks gāja uz priekšu, bet sporta laukuma būve stāvēja uz vietas ― time went by, but the building of the sports field stood in place (= did not progress)

   trūkstot rezerves daļu; un, ja nav ko likt salūzušo vietā, tad laiks iet, bet remonts stāv ― spare parts (were) lacking; and, if you don't have anything to put in the broken part, then time goes by, but the reparation stands (= does not progress)

9. (usually of objects) to be, to be located (to occupy a certain position, place)

   istabas vidū stāv galds ― (there) stands (= is) a table in the middle of the room

   uz galda stāv šķīvji ― (there) stand (= are) plates on the table

   pie ārdurvīm stāv kājslauķis ― at the door (there) stands (= is) a doormat

   pagalmā stāv automobilis ― (there) stands (= is) an automobile in the courtyard

   kalnā aiz sirmiem ķeltiem stāvēja ķēniņa pils ― on the hill, behind the gray Celts, stood the king's palace

   skolas ēka stāvēja gandrīz uz ezera krasta ― the school building stood almost on the lake shore

   dārza stūrī stāvēja resna resna liepa ― at the corner of the garden stood a thick, thick linden tree

10. (of food, animals, etc.) to be, to be kept (to be stored, conserved, kept somewhere)

    visa nauda stāvēja pie tēva ― all the money stood (= was kept) with father

    kartupeļi pa ziemu stāv pagrabā ― potatoes for the winter stand (= are stored) in the cellar

    vai lopi līdz vakaram lai kūtī stāv? ― should the animals stand (= be kept) in the barn until summer?

11. (of people) to stand, to remain somewhere; to be somewhere (e.g., in order to observe something)

    bet nekad vakaros es istabā nestāvēju; gāju uz kapiem, staigāju pa mežu ― but I never stood (= stayed) in (my) room in the evening; I went to the graves, I walked through the woods

    Tāle neparko nebija piedabūjama stāvēt pie lopiem salas krūmajā ― Tāle could never be convined to stand by (= stay near, watch over) the animals in the island scrub

12. (of military forces, positions) to be in a certain territory, place

    bataljons stāv savā vietā ― the battalion stood (= was) in its place (= position)

    divīzija stāvēja atpūtā, saņēma papildinājumu, mācījās ― the division stood (= was) not on duty, received a supplement, studied

    divas nedēļas tur netālu bija stāvējusi fronte ― for two weeks the front had stood (= stayed) there, not far

13. (of heavenly bodies) to be visible in a certain position

    saule stāv zemu ― the sun stands (= is) low

    mēness jau stāvēja virs egļu galotnēm un apgaismoja ceļu ― the moon stood (= was) already above the tops of the spruce trees and illuminated the road

14. (of cloud-like natural phenomena) to occur somewhere

    saules nav; viņas vietā stāv biezi miglas mūri ― (there) was no sun; instead of it, (there) stood (= were) thick walls of fog

    pār Rīgu stāvēja zilgana novakares dūmaka ― a bluish evening haze stood over Rīga

15. (of texts, words) to be written, printed somewhere; to be present in a text, utterance

    sauca viņu Metuzalemu, tā arī stāvēja pasē un krustāmzīmē ― he was called Metuzalem, that's what stood (= was written) in (his) passport and in (his) baptism certificate

    latviešu valodā teikuma priekšmets parasti stāv pirms izteicēja ― in the Latvian language, the sentence subject usually stands (= is, comes) before the predicate

16. to stand (to remain, to resist against time, to conserve itself)

    mana pilsēta stāvēs ilgi ― my city will stand (very) long

    svaiga gaļa ilgi nestāv ― fresh meat does not stand (= stay good) long

    kā kartupeļi pa ziemu stāvējuši? ― how have the potatoes stood the winter?

    rasa stāv līdz pusdienai ― the dew stands (= stays) till noon

    viņam nauda nestāv ― money does not stand (= remain) on him (= he spends too much)

    vecā sviestā iemīcījusi sāli, lai ilgāk stāv; apēdīsim ― (I) had added salt to the old butter, so that it would stand (= remain unspoiled) longer; let us eat it

    maja bija būvēta no sila priežu guļbaļķiem vismaz prims gadiem piecdesmit, taču tā stāvēs vēl droši savus simt gadus ― the house was built of pine tree logs at least fifty years ago, but it will stand maybe a hundred years

    lai stāv ziedi, lai aug ― let the flowers stand (= be, i.e. remain undisturbed), let them grow

17. (of clothes, their parts) to stand, to sit (to conform well to the body, its parts)

    uzvalks stāv labi ― the suit stands (= sits) well

    ceru, ka kleita tev der... tikai... ja tev nepatīk, kā stāv roku volāni... ― I hope the dress fits you well... only... if you don't like how the sleeve ruffles sit... (we can do something about that)

    ja Antonija man teiks: šis drēbes gabals jums stāv kā uzliets, es nešaubīgi ticēšu ― if Antonia tells me: this article of clothing fits you like a glove (lit. sits as if poured), I will believe it without any doubt

18. (with an adjective or adjectival expression) to stand, to be (to have some property, especially for a limited amount of time)

    stāvēt klusu, klusam ― to stand (= be, remain) silent

    logs stāv pusvirus ― the window stands, is ajar

    istaba stāv tukša ― the room stands, is empty

    durvis stāv vaļā ― the door stands, is open

    dārzs stāv neravēts ― the garden stands, is unweeded

    koki stāv pašā plaukumā ― the trees stand, are in full bloom

    stāvēt mierā ― to stand (= be) calm, quiet

    stāvēt ciets ― to stand closed (= to not give milk, e.g., a cow)

    jūs abas zināt tikai dīkā stāvēt; drīz sanāks ļaudis, zāle nepušķota! ― the two of you only know how to stand (= be) idle; soon people will come, (and) the grass (is still) not decorated!

19. (used impersonally, with ar) to stand, to be (in a situation, state), to go (in a certain way)

    ar mājas kopšanu un labošanu arī stāvēja diezgan vāji ― with the maintenance and repair of the house it stood (= was going) rather weakly (= not much was being done)

    ļoti viņš interesējās par to, kā tagad stāv ar kopējo lietu un kas tur tagad visvairāk strādā ― he was very interested in how it now is standing (= going) with the common thing (= property) and who was working the most there

prefixed verbs:

• stāt
• stāvoklis
• stāvs
• stāvu, stāvus