Basiliximab

Basiliximab
Monoclonal antibody
TypeWhole antibody
SourceChimeric (mouse/human)
TargetCD25
Names
Trade namesSimulect
Clinical data
Main usesKidney transplant[1]
Side effectsConstipation, nausea, abdominal pain, heart burn, high potassium, low potassium, headache, swelling, fever, shortness of breath, trouble sleeping[1]
WHO AWaReUnlinkedWikibase error: ⧼unlinkedwikibase-error-statements-entity-not-set⧽
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
    External links
    AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
    Legal
    License data
    Pharmacokinetics
    Elimination half-life7.2 days
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC6378H9844N1698O1997S48
    Molar mass143801.68 g·mol−1

    Basiliximab, sold under the brand name Simulect, is a medication used to prevent rejection following a kidney transplant.[1] It is used together with ciclosporin and corticosteroids.[2] It is given by injection into a vein.[2]

    Common side effects include constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, heart burn, high potassium, low potassium, headache, swelling, fever, shortness of breath, and trouble sleeping.[1] Other side effects may include infections and anaphylaxis.[1] Use in pregnancy is not recommended.[2] It is a monoclonal antibody that attaches to CD25 on T cells and thus blocks interleukin-2.[3]

    Basiliximab was approved for medical use in the United States and Europe in 1998.[1][3] In the United Kingdom a typical dose costs about £840 as of 2021.[2] In the United States this amount costs about 4,100 USD.[4]

    Medical uses

    Basiliximab is an immunosuppressant agent used to prevent immediate transplant rejection in people who are receiving kidney transplants, in combination with other agents.[5] It has been reported that some cases of lichen planus have been successfully treated with basiliximab as an alternative therapy to cyclosporin. No short-term side effects have been reported.[6]

    Dosage

    It is given as a dose of 20 mg within two hours of surgery followed by 20 mg 4 days later.[2]

    Mechanism of action

    Basiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling. This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, which would bind to the transplanted organ and stimulate an immune response against the transplant.[7][8]

    Chemistry

    It is a chimeric CD25 monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 isotype.[7][8]

    History

    It is a Novartis product and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998.[9]

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Basiliximab Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
    2. 1 2 3 4 5 BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 891. ISBN 978-0857114105.
    3. 1 2 "Simulect". Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
    4. ↑ "Simulect Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
    5. ↑ MedlinePlus. Last Revised - June 15, 2012 Basiliximab Injection Archived 2016-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
    6. ↑ Katsambas AD, Lotti TM (2003). European handbook of dermatological treatments (2nd ed.). p. 291. ISBN 3-540-00878-0.
    7. 1 2 Hardinger KL, Brennan DC, Klein CL (July 2013). "Selection of induction therapy in kidney transplantation". Transplant International. 26 (7): 662–72. doi:10.1111/tri.12043. PMID 23279211. S2CID 3296555.
    8. 1 2 "Basiliximab label" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-22. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
    9. ↑ Waldmann TA (March 2003). "Immunotherapy: past, present and future". Nature Medicine. 9 (3): 269–77. doi:10.1038/nm0303-269. PMID 12612576. S2CID 9745527. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
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