Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Other names: IBD deficiency
Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (IBD deficiency[1])is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to process certain amino acids properly.[2]

People with this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that helps break down the amino acid valine, resulting in a buildup of valine in the urine, a symptom called valinuria.

Signs and symptoms

The presentation of this condition finds that in the majority of cases it demonstrates no symptoms, however should it exhibit features they would be:[3]

Genetics

Location, type and frequency of ACAD8 mutations in several individuals with IBD

Defects in the ACAD8 gene cause isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. The ACAD8 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that plays an essential role in breaking down proteins from the diet. Specifically, the enzyme is responsible for processing valine, an amino acid that is part of many proteins. If a mutation in the ACAD8 gene reduces or eliminates the activity of this enzyme, the body is unable to break down valine properly. As a result, poor growth and reduced energy production may occur.

This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the gene – one from each parent – are needed to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the defective gene, but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder.

Diagnosis

Babies with this disorder are usually healthy at birth. The signs and symptoms may not appear until later in infancy or childhood and can include poor feeding and growth (failure to thrive), a weakened and enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy), seizures, and low numbers of red blood cells (anemia). Another feature of this disorder may be very low blood levels of carnitine (a natural substance that helps convert certain foods into energy).

Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency may be worsened by long periods without food (fasting) or infections that increase the body's demand for energy. Some individuals with gene mutations that can cause isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency may never experience any signs and symptoms of the disorder.

Treatment

In terms of management children with IBD deficiency usually do not need any treatment.[4]

See also

  • Isobutyryl-coenzyme A

References

  1. ↑ "Deficiency of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (Concept Id: C1969809) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  2. ↑ "Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  3. ↑ "Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency | Newborn Screening". newbornscreening.hrsa.gov. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
Classification
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