Palatal lateral ejective affricate
The palatal lateral ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨c͜𝼆ʼ⟩ (extIPA; strict IPA: ⟨c͜ʎ̝̊ʼ⟩).
| Palatal lateral ejective affricate | |
|---|---|
| c𝼆ʼ | |
| cʎ̝̊ʼ |
It is a rare sound, found in Dahalo, a Cushitic language of Kenya, and in Hadza, a language isolate of Tanzania. In Dahalo, /c͜𝼆ʼ/ contrasts with alveolar /t͜ɬʼ/, and in Hadza it contrasts with velar [k͜𝼄ʼ], an allophone of /kʼ/.
Features
Features of the palatal lateral ejective affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dahalo[1] | [ʔac𝼆ʼáno] | 'semen' | ||
| Hadza[2] | [mitc𝼆ʼa] | 'bone' | ||
The Hadza sound has been transcribed as [t͜𝼆ʼ], but alveolar contact of the tongue is variable and not distinctive.
Notes
- Maddieson et al. (1993), p. 36.
- Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 209.
References
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4
- Maddieson, Ian; Spajić, Siniša; Sands, Bonny; Ladefoged, Peter (1993), "Phonetic structures of Dahalo", in Maddieson, Ian (ed.), UCLA working papers in phonetics: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages, vol. 84, Los Angeles: The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group, pp. 25–65
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