List of descriptive plant species epithets (A–H)

Since the first printing of Carl Linnaeus's Species Plantarum in 1753, plants have been assigned one epithet or name for their species and one name for their genus, a grouping of related species.[1] These scientific names have been catalogued in a variety of works, including Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. William Stearn (1911–2001) was one of the pre-eminent British botanists of the 20th century: a Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society, a president of the Linnean Society and the original drafter of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.[2][3]

a flower
Stapelia hirsuta, the "hairy" starfish flower

The first column below lists seed-bearing species epithets from Stearn's Dictionary, Latin for Gardeners[4] by Lorraine Harrison, The A to Z of Plant Names by Allen Coombes, The Gardener's Botanical[5] by Ross Bayton, and the glossary of Stearn's Botanical Latin.[6] Epithets from proper nouns, proper adjectives, and two or more nouns are excluded, along with epithets used only in species names that are no longer widely accepted. Classical and modern meanings are provided in the third column, along with citations to Charlton T. Lewis's An Elementary Latin Dictionary.[7][lower-alpha 1]

Key

LG = language: (L)atin or (G)reek
L = derived from Latin, or both Classical Latin and Greek (unless otherwise noted)
G = derived from Greek
H = listed by Harrison, and (except as noted) by Bayton
D = listed in Stearn's Dictionary
S = listed in Stearn's Botanical Latin
DS = listed in Stearn's Dictionary, with the word or root word listed in Botanical Latin
C = listed by Coombes

Epithets

""
Melilotus albus and a honeybee
""
Echium albicans
""
... and in the water
""
The bee-mimicking flowers of Ophrys apifera
""
Stream in Kamchatka with Salix arctica
""
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
""
Illustration of Iris furcata
""
Illustration of Cistus heterophyllus
Epithets
Epithets[8][9][lower-alpha 3] LG [10] Meanings and derivations Example species[lower-alpha 4] H DS C
abbreviatus Lshortened Caladenia abbreviata HDS
aberrans Laberrant, from aberro, to deviate[7] Acronychia aberrans DS
abortivus Labortive[7] Ranunculus abortivus HDS
abruptus Lcut off[7] Acacia abrupta DS
abscissus Lcut off, from abscindo[7] Narcissus abscissus DS
abundiflorus Lflowering abundantly Alpinia abundiflora* D
acaulis L(apparently) stemless, from a- + caulis[7] Silene acaulis HDSC[11]
acephalus Gheadless Syngonanthus acephalus* D
acer Lsharp-tasting or (per Stearn) sharp to the touch.[7] Bayton lists only the genus Acer. Pimelea acra* HD
acris Lsharp-tasting or (per Stearn) sharp to the touch.[7] Ranunculus acris HDC[12]
acerbus Lharsh; bitter[7] Hovenia acerba* DS
acerosus Lsharp; needle-shaped Verticordia acerosa HDSC[13]
acetosus Lvinegary, from acetum;[7] sour Rumex acetosa HDSC[14]
acicularis Lneedle-shaped, from acus, needle;[7] acicular Orites acicularis HDSC[15]
aciculifer D
acidus Lsour[7] Phyllanthus acidus DS
acidosus D
acidissimus D
acinaceus Lscimitar Acacia acinacea HD
aciniformis DS
acraeus Lhigh-dwelling Ranunculus acraeus H
aculeatus Lstinging or sharp;[7] aculeate Banksia aculeata HDSC[16]
aculeolatus HD
aculeatissimus Lsharpest Solanum aculeatissimum D
acuminatus Ltapering; acuminate Musa acuminata HDSC[17]
acutus Lpointed; acute Juncus acutus HDSC[18]
acutangulus DS
acutissimus Lmost acute Quercus acutissima HDC[19]
adenophorus Ggland-bearing Ageratina adenophora HDS
admirabilis Ladmirable[7] Drosera admirabilis HD
adnatus Ljoined (organs), from agnascor, to be late-born;[7][10] adnate Nepenthes adnata HDS
adpressus Lpressed close together, from apprimo;[7] appressed. (Also appressus.) Muehlenbeckia adpressa HDSC[20]
adscendens Lascending, from ascendo[7] Melicope adscendens HDS
adscitus Ladopted[7] Rubus adscitus* D
adsurgens Lrising, from adsurgo[7] Acacia adsurgens HD
aduncus Lhooked[7] Piper aduncum HDS
adustus Lsunburnt; brown[7] Carex adusta DS
advenus Lstranger, from advena[7] Nuphar advena DS
aemulus Lemulating.[7] (Also aemulans.)[4][5] Banksia aemula HDS
aeneus Lbronze[7] Begonia aenea* DS
aequalis Lequal[7] Diuris aequalis HDSC[21]
aequinoctialis Lequatorial, from aequinoctium, equinox[7] Aneilema aequinoctiale HD
aerius Laerial[7] Crocus aerius* HDS
aeruginosus Lverdigris, from aerugo[7] Pimelea aeruginosa DS
aestivus Lsummer[7] Leucojum aestivum DSC[22]
aestivalis DSC[23]
affinis Lrelated, from adfinis, adjoining[7][10] Stachys affinis DSC[24]
aganniphus Gsnow-covered. Stearn's spelling is agannifus. Rhododendron aganniphum D
agastus Gcharming Rhododendron agastum* HD
agglutinatus Lglued, from agglutino, to stick on[7] Echites agglutinatus* DS
aggregatus Lclustered, from aggrego, to bring together[7] Eucalyptus aggregata HDSC[25]
agrarius Lof the land[7] Fumaria agraria* HDS
agrestis Luncultivated; growing in fields[7] Rosa agrestis HDS
agrifolius Lrough-leaved Quercus agrifolia HD
alatus Lwinged;[7] alate Mimulus alatus HDSC[26]
albus Lwhite Melilotus albus HDSC[27]
albidus Loff-white. (Also albulus.)[5] Sassafras albidum, Echium albicans HDSC[28]
albescens HDS
albicans HDC[29]
algidus Lcold[7] Boronia algida DS
alienus Lalien;[7] introduced Quercus aliena DS
alpestris Lof mountains[10] Prasophyllum alpestre HDC[30]
alpinus Lalpine; of mountains[7] Potamogeton alpinus HDSC[31]
alpicola HDC[32]
alpigenus HD
alternus Lalternating;[7] alternate Physocarpus alternans DS
alternans HDS
altus Ltall; high[7] Coccothrinax alta HDS
altissimus Ltallest; highest Ailanthus altissima HDC[33]
alticola Lgrowing in high places[10] Genoplesium alticola D
alulatus Lnarrow-winged[10] Boronia alulata D
alutaceus Lleathery,[10] from aluta,[7] soft leather Shorea alutacea DS
amabilis Llovely.[7] Previously ama-bilis (Stearn). Phalaenopsis amabilis HDSC[34]
amarus Lbitter[7] Simarouba amara HDS
amarellus HD
ambiguus Lambiguous[7] Kunzea ambigua HDS
amblyanthus Gblunt-flowered Bulbophyllum amblyanthum HS
ambrosiacus Lambrosia[7] Achillea ambrosiaca* D
amethystinus Lviolet; purple[7] Primula amethystina HDSC[35]
ammophilus Gsand-loving[10] Eucalyptus ammophila HDS
amoenus Lpleasant[7] Felicia amoena HDSC[36]
amphibius Ggrowing both on land and in water[10] Persicaria amphibia HDS
amplexicaulis Lstem-embracing, from amplexor, to embrace;[7] amplexicaul Hakea amplexicaulis HDSC[37]
amplus Lample;[7] large Callicarpa ampla HDS
amplissimus Lmost ample Ficus amplissima D
ampliatus Lenlarged, from amplio[7] Acacia ampliata DS
ampullaceus Lflask-shaped, from ampulla[7] Senecio ampullaceus DS
amygdalinus Lalmond, from amygdalum[7] Eucalyptus amygdalina HDS
amygdaliformis HD
amygdaloides HDC[26]
anacanthus Gthornless;[10] spineless Opuntia anacantha DS
anceps Ltwo-headed; two-sided; uncertain[7] Epidendrum anceps HDSC[38]
androgynus Landrogyne;[7] androgynous Sauropus androgynus HDS
anfractuosus Lrecurving, from anfractus[7] Acacia anfractuosa DS
anguinus Lserpentine[7] Smilax anguina* D
angulatus Langular[7] Cycas angulata HDS
angularis HDS
angulosus HDS
anguliger Lhooked Disocactus anguliger D
angustatus Lnarrowed Protea angustata DS
anisophyllus Gwith unequal leaves[10] Artocarpus anisophyllus HDS
annularis Lring-shaped;[10] with an annulus Eucalyptus annulata DS
annulatus HDS
annuus Llasting a year[7] Helianthus annuus HDSC[23]
anomalus Ganomalous[10] Hydrangea anomala HDSC[39]
anosmus Godorless[10] Dendrobium anosmum HD
anserinus Lof a goose, anser[7] Argentina anserina DS
anthelmius Lanti-worm Spigelia anthelmia* D
anthopogon Gbearded flowers[10] Rhododendron anthopogon D
antiquorum Lancient[7][lower-alpha 5] Euphorbia antiquorum HD
antiquus HDS
apertus Luncovered; open[7] Caladenia aperta HDS
apetalus Gwithout petals[10] Pomaderris apetala HDS
aphyllus Gleafless[10] Euphorbia aphylla HDS
apiatus Lbee-like, from apis[7] Gentiana apiata* D
apiculatus Lpointed, from apicula, a small bee;[10] apiculate Darwinia apiculata HDC[40]
apifer L(apparently) bearing a bee, from apis[7][lower-alpha 6] Ophrys apifera HD
apodus Lfootless; stalkless[10] Bulbophyllum apodum HDS
appendiculatus Lwith appendages, from appendicula[7] Salix appendiculata HDS
applanatus Lflattened[10] Acacia applanata HDS
appressus Lpressed close together, from apprimo;[7] appressed. (Also adpressus.) Eremophila appressa HDS
apricus Lsun-exposed; sun-loving[7] Eriogonum apricum HDS
apterus Gwingless[10] Zizia aptera HD
apus Gstalkless.[10] Feminine and neuter apus. Gigantochloa apus* D
aquaticus Lin water;[7] aquatic Ipomoea aquatica HDSC[41]
aquatilis HDS
aquilinus Leagle-like, from aquila[7] Eucalyptus aquilina HD
arachnoides Gspider; cobwebbed;[10] arachnoid Anacampseros arachnoides HD
arachnoideus HDSC[42]
araiophyllus Gslender-leaved[10] Bulbophyllum araiophyllum* D
araneosus Lspider-webbed[7] Acacia araneosa DS
arboreus Ltree-like;[7] arborescent Ceanothus arboreus HDSC[23]
arborescens HDSC[43]
arboricola Ltree-dwelling Lilium arboricola HS
arbusculus Lshrubby.[10] Diminutive of arbor.[7][lower-alpha 7] Euphorbia arbuscula HDS
arcticus Gfar northern[10] Salix arctica HDS
arcuatus Lbowed[7] Calothamnus arcuatus HDS
ardens Lglowing[7] Urtica ardens* D
arenarius Lsand-dwelling[10] Ammophila arenaria HDSC[45]
arenicola HD
arenosus Lsandy; gritty[10] Arabidopsis arenosa HDS
areolatus Lareolate; having areoles[10] Pterostylis areolata HDS
argentatus Lsilvery[7] Coccothrinax argentata HDC[46]
argenteus HDSC[47]
argillaceus Lwhite-clay Phacelia argillacea DS
argophyllus Lsilvery-leaved Eriogonum argophyllum HDS
argutus Lnotched Rubus argutus HDSC[48]
argyraeus Lsilvery. (Also argyreus.)[49] Acacia argyraea HDSC[50]
aridus Ldry[7] Acacia arida HDS
arietinus Llike a ram, from aries[7] Cicer arietinum HD
aristatus Lawned;[10] aristate Pinus aristata HDSC[43]
aristosus D
arizelus Gconspicuous[10] Lupinus arizelus* D
armatus Larmed (with spines or thorns)[7] Banksia armata HDS
armiger DS
armillatus Lwith bracelets or collars[7] Eucalyptus armillata D
armillaris HD
aromaticus Garomatic[10] Syzygium aromaticum DSC[51]
arrectus Lerect, from adrectus[7] Genoplesium arrectum DS
articulatus Ljointed, from artus;[7] articulate Juncus articulatus HDSC[52]
arundinaceus Lreedy, from arundo[7] Phalaris arundinacea HD
arvensis Lof plowed fields, from arvum,[7] ploughed land Cirsium arvense HDSC[53]
ascendens Lascendant,[10] from ascensus;[7] ascending Taxodium ascendens HDS
asper Lrough[7] Corymbia aspera HDSC[39]
asperatus HDS
asperrimus Lroughest Bartsia asperrima* HD
assimilis Lresembling[10] Sauropus assimilis HD
assurgens Lascending[10] Leptocereus assurgens* DS
ater Ldead-black;[7] dark. Feminine atra, neuter atrum. Neololeba atra DS
atratus Lblackened[7] Microtis atrata DSC[54]
attenuatus Ltapering[7] Banksia attenuata HDSC[55]
aucuparius Lbird-catching, from aucupium[7] Sorbus aucuparia H
augustus Lmajestic[7] Rhopaloblaste augusta HD
aurantiacus Lorangish[10] Banksia aurantia HDSC[56]
aurantius HD
aureus Lgolden[7] Ficus aurea HDSC[31]
auratus HDS
auriculatus Leared, from auricula;[7] with auricles. (Also auriculus.)[32] Roscoea auriculata HDSC[57]
auritus HDS
australis Lsouthern[7] Cordyline australis HDSC[55]
austrinus HD
autumnalis Lof autumn[7] Mandragora autumnalis DSC[31]
avicularis Lof small birds, from avis[7] Polygonum aviculare D
avium Lof birds, from avis[7] Prunus avium HDC[58]
axillaris Laxillary[10] Pseudowintera axillaris HDSC[22]
azureus Lsky-blue[10] Salvia azurea HDSC[59]
baccatus Lberry, from baca[7] Taxus baccata DSC[60]
baccans DS
baccifer DS
bacillaris Lrod-like, from bacillum[7] Senna bacillaris* HDS
badius Lnut brown Symplocos badia HS
barbarus Lforeign[7] Lycium barbarum HDC[61]
barbatus Lbearded[7] Dianthus barbatus HDSC[62]
barbiger HD
barbatulus HD
barbulatus HD
barystachys Gheavy-spiked Lysimachia barystachys DS
basilaris Lbasal[7] Opuntia basilaris HDS
basilicus Groyal Ocimum basilicum HDC[63]
bellus Lbeautiful[7] Corymbia bella HDC[64]
benedictus Lblessed Cnicus benedictus HD
bicolor Ltwo-colored Erythranthe bicolor HDSC[65]
bicornis Ltwo-horned Aiphanes bicornis HDS
bicornutus HD
bidentatus Ltwo-toothed Manilkara bidentata DS
biennis Lbiennial[7] Oenothera biennis HDSC[63]
bifidus Ldivided in two[7] Trifolium bifidum HD
biflorus Ltwo-flowered Darwinia biflora HDSC[66]
bifurcatus Ltwo-forked Amyema bifurcata HDS
bijugus Ldouble-yoked Intsia bijuga HDS
binervatus Ltwo-veined Carex binervis D
binervis DS
binervosus D
bipinnatus Lbipinnate Sanicula bipinnata HDSC[20]
bisectus Lbisected, from sectus[7] Zingiber bisectum* D
biserratus Ldoubly serrated, from serratus[7] Eremophila biserrata HDS
biternatus Ltwice-ternate; biternate Enemion biternatum HDS
bituminosus Ltarry, from bitumen[7] Moraea bituminosa HD
bivalvis Lbivalved, from valvae;[7] with two valves Peristrophe bivalvis HDS
blandus Lflattering;[7] alluring Anemonoides blanda DC[67]
blepharocalyx Gfringed-calyx Alpinia blepharocalyx* DS
bombycinus Lsilky[7] Cymbopogon bombycinus DS
borealis Lnorthern, from boreas[7] Banksia borealis HDS
botryoides Gclustered, like grapes Eucalyptus botryoides HDC[68]
brachiatus Lwith arm-like branches, from brachium[7] Buddleja brachiata HDS
brachyanthus Gshort-flowered Oryza brachyantha D
bracteatus Lwith bracts Xerochrysum bracteatum HDSC[69]
brevis Lshort[7] Conophytum breve HDS
bronchialis Gof or for the lungs Saxifraga bronchialis* HD
brumalis Lwintry[7] Diuris brumalis DS
brunneus Lbrown Banksia brunnea HDSC[70]
bryoides Gmossy Saxifraga bryoides HD
buccinatus Ltrumpet-shaped, from buccina[7] Hemigenia buccinata* D
buccinatorius D
bulbifer Gbulb Cicuta bulbifera HDSC[53]
bulbiformis DS
bulbosus HDS
bullatus Lwith bubbles, from bulla;[7] bullate Annona bullata HDSC[20]
cadmicus Lmetallic Salvia cadmica* HD
caerulescens Lbecoming blue Thlaspi caerulescens HDS
caeruleus Lazure[7] Lonicera caerulea HDSC[71]
caesius Lbluish-gray; lavender blue; cutting[7] Eucalyptus caesia HDSC[72]
caespitosus Lcaespitose, from caespes,[7] turf. (Also caespititius.)[73] Pilosella caespitosa HDS
calcaratus Lspurred, from calcar;[7] calcarate Stylidium calcaratum HDS
calcareus Llime; calcareous Mitrephora calcarea HDSC[42]
calcicola D
calceolus Lshoe Cypripedium calceolus DC[74]
callistus Gvery beautiful Eriogonum callistum D
callosus Lcallous or hard-skinned;[7] callose Strobilanthes callosa HDS
calophyllus Gwith beautiful leaves Gonystylus calophyllus HDS
calvus Lbald[7] Gunniopsis calva HDS
calycinus Glike a calyx; with a prominent calyx Hypericum calycinum HDSC[75]
calyptratus Gwith a calyptra, a cap-like cover Calandrinia calyptrata HDS
campanularius Lbell; campanulate Phacelia campanularia HDC[76]
campanulatus HDSC[56]
campestris Leven; flat; of plains. From campester.[7] Acer campestre HDSC[77]
campylocarpus Lcurved-fruit Isatis campylocarpa* HD
canaliculatus Lgrooved, from canalis;[7] canaliculate Protea canaliculata HDS
cancellatus Llatticed, from cancelli[7] Ceropegia cancellata* HDS
candelabrum Lcandelabrum[7] Euphorbia candelabrum HDC[78]
candidus Lshining white[7] Cypripedium candidum HDSC[74]
candicans HDSC[79]
candidissimus Lwhitest, from candor[7] Arisaema candidissimum DC[80]
canus Lgrey- or white-haired;[7] canescent Artemisia cana HDSC[81]
canescens HDSC[53]
caninus Lcanine[7] Rosa canina HDS
caperatus Lwrinkled.[6][50] Possibly, goat.[7][10] Anthurium caperatum* DSC[50]
capillaceus Lhair-like, from capillus[7] Carex capillacea DS
capillaris HDS
capilliformis HDS
capillatus Lhairy;[7] with fine hairs Caladenia capillata HD
capitatus Lhaving dense-headed growth; capitate Roscoea capitata HDSC[82]
capitellatus Lsmall-headed, from capitulum[7] Mimetes capitulatus HD
capitellus HD
capitulatus HD
capreolatus Lwith tendrils; supported. From capreolus,[7] props or stays. Bignonia capreolata HDC[83]
capreus Lgoat[7] Salix caprea HDC[84]
capsularis Lcapsule-producing, from capsula[7] Corchorus capsularis HDS
cardinalis Lscarlet Lobelia cardinalis HDSC[85]
carinatus Lkeeled, from carina;[7] having a keel Zephyranthes carinata HDSC[71]
carmineus Lcarmine. From Arabic and Latin. Metrosideros carminea HDS
carnosus Lfleshy, from carnis;[7] carnose Hoya carnosa HDSC[86]
carneus HDSC[59]
carnosulus HDS
cartilagineus Lcartilage-like; cartilaginous Oceaniopteris cartilaginea HDS
castus Lpure[7] Mimosa casta* D
catacosmus Gadorned Rhododendron catacosmum* D
cataria Lof cats Nepeta cataria HDC[87]
catarractae Gof waterfalls Veronica catarractae* HDSC[29]
catharticus Gcathartic Rhamnus cathartica HDC[71]
caudatus Ltailed, from cauda;[7] caudate Entandrophragma caudatum HDSC[45]
caulescens Lstemmed, from caulis;[7] caulescent Mandragora caulescens HDC[56]
causticus Gcaustic Lithraea caustica HD
cauticola Lcliff-dwelling, from cautes[7] Sedum cauticola HDC[88]
cavus Lhollow[7] Corydalis cava HDSC[89]
centifolius Lmany-leaved, from centum,[7] one hundred Berberis centifolia* HDS
centralis Lcentral Rubus centralis HDS
cephalotes Gsmall-headed Leucas cephalotes HD
ceraceus Lwaxy, from cera;[7] ceraceous Eucalyptus ceracea HDS
cerasifer Lcherry, from cerasus[7] Eucalyptus cerasiformis HD
cerasiformis HD
cerasinus Lcherry-red Corybas cerasinus HDS
cerealis Lagricultural[7] Secale cereale HD
cereus Lwaxy[7] Ribes cereum HDSC[51]
cerifer HDC[90]
cerinus HDS
cernuus Lnodding;[7] cernuous Allium cernuum HDSC[71]
charianthus Gelegantly flowered Ceratostema charianthum* HD
chasmanthus Ggape-flowered Aconitum chasmanthum* D
cheiri Ghand, possibly Bulbophyllum cheiri H
chimaera Lmonstrous; chimeric Bulbophyllum chimaera DS
chloodes Ggrass-green Centaurium chloodes* DS
chloracanthus Lgreen-spined Haworthia chloracantha DS
chryseus Ggolden Nephelium chryseum HDS
ciliaris Lfringed Cenchrus ciliaris HD
ciliatus HDSC[53]
ciliosus HDC[52]
cinctus Lwith a girdle; girding[7] Dacrycarpus cinctus HDS
cinereus Lash-gray, from cinis,[7] ashes Juglans cinerea HDSC[91]
cinerascens HDS
cinnabarinus Gcinnabar-red Scadoxus cinnabarinus HDSC[92]
circinalis Lcurled, from circino, to round;[7] circinate Cycas circinalis HDSC[93]
circinatus DSC[77]
cirratus Gwith tendrils; cirrhose. (Also cirrhatus, cirrosus.) Fritillaria cirrhosa HDS
cirrhosus HDSC[94]
clandestinus Lconcealed[7] Pennisetum clandestinum HDS
clausus Lclosed; reserved[7] Pinus clausa HDS
clavatus Lclub, from clava[7] Lycopodium clavatum HDS
clavellatus D
clivorum Lof the hills, from clivus[7] Hymenocallis clivorum DS
clypeatus Lshield-shaped, from clipeus[7] Nepenthes clipeata HDS
clypeolatus HD
coarctatus Lcrowded; pressed together. From coarto.[7] Haworthiopsis coarctata HDS
coccifer Lbearing berries Eucalyptus coccifera HDC[95]
coccineus Lscarlet, from coccum[7] Banksia coccinea HDSC[96]
cochlearis Lspoon-shaped Acacia cochlearis HDS
cochleatus Ltwisted like a snail shell, from cochlea,[7] snail Prosthechea cochleata HDS
coelestinus Lsky-blue, celestial[7] Conoclinium coelestinum HDC[13]
coelestis HDS
coelicus Lheavenly, from caelum[7] Rhododendron coelicum* D
coeruleus Lblue[7] Aquilegia coerulea HDSC[54]
coerulescens Lbecoming blue Boronia coerulescens DS
cognatus Lrelated[7] Acacia cognata HDS
collinus Lof the hills, from collis[7] Erysimum collinum HDS
coloratus Lcoloured[7] Potamogeton coloratus HDSC[97]
colubrinus Lsnaky, from coluber[7] Anadenanthera colubrina HDS
columbarius Ldove-blue; dove-like. From columba,[7] dove. Impatiens columbaria* HDC[98]
columnaris Lcolumned, from columna, pillar[7] Araucaria columnaris HDSC[99]
columellaris HD
comatus Ltufted, long-haired;[7] with comas. (Also comans.)[59] Hesperostipa comata HD
comosus DSC[59]
commixtus Lmingled together[7] Aloiampelos commixta HDSC[100]
communis Lcommon[7] Commelina communis HDSC[101]
commutatus Lchanged[7] Pterostylis commutata HDC[33]
compactus Ldense; joined together[7] Triticum compactum HDSC[102]
complanatus Lflattened out, from complano,[7] to level Eremophila complanata HDS
complexus Lcomplex; clasped[7] Muehlenbeckia complexa HDSC[68]
complicatus Lcomplicated; folded. From complico.[7] Indigofera complicata* HDS
compositus Lwell-ordered[7] Oplismenus compositus DS
compressus Lpressed together[7] Potamogeton compressus HDS
comptus Ladorned[7] Micropholis compta D
concavus Lconcave[7] Pterostylis concava HDS
concinnus Lneat; pretty[7] Acacia concinna HDS
concolor Lconsistently coloured[7] Abies concolor HDSC[27]
condensus Lcrowded together; dense[7] Nothaphoebe condensa HD
condensatus HDS
confertus Lcrowded[7] Caladenia conferta HDS
conformis Lsymmetrical, from conformatio[7] Dipterocarpus conformis DS
confusus Lconfused[7] Iris confusa HDSC[25]
congestus Lcongested; heaped[7] Senecio congestus HDSC[103]
conglomeratus Lcrowded; rolled up. From conglobo.[7] Eremophila conglomerata HDS
conjugalis Ljoined[7] Dipteris conjugata D
conjugatus DS
conjunctus Lconnected[7] Bidens conjuncta HD
connatus Ltwin; connate Alectryon connatus HDS
conoideus Gconical Pandanus conoideus HDS
conopseus Ggnat-like Gymnadenia conopsea HD
consanguineus Lkindred Columnea consanguinea HD
consolidus Lstable, from solidus,[7] complete Xyris consolida* D
conspersus Lsprinkled[7] Acacia conspersa HDS
conspicuus Lconspicuous[7] Eucalyptus conspicua HDSC[103]
constrictus Lconstricted, from constringo[7] Prasophyllum constrictum HDS
contaminatus Lcontaminated[7] Lachenalia contaminata HS
contiguus Lcontiguous[7] Lomaridium contiguum DS
continentalis Lcontinental Leptospermum continentale HDS
contortus Ltwisted[7] Pinus contorta DSC[104]
contractus Lcontracted[7] Festuca contracta HDS
controversus Ldisputed[7] Cornus controversa HDC[82]
copallinus Lgummy. Originally from Nahuatl. Rhus copallinum HDC[51]
corallinus Gcoral-red Aloe corallina HDS
cordatus Lheart-shaped; cordate Tilia cordata HDSC[105]
cordiformis HDSC[106]
coriaceus Lleathery, from corium[7] Leptospermum coriaceum HDS
coriarius HD
corneus Lhorn-textured; corneous Lithocarpus corneus* DS
corniculatus Lhorned[7] Eucalyptus cornuta HDSC[40]
cornifer HD
corniger HDC[107]
cornutus HDSC[26]
cornucopiae Lhorn of plenty[7] Melaleuca cornucopiae HD
corollatus Lwith or like corollas, from corolla, little crown[7] Euphorbia corollata HDS
coronans Lwreathed, from corona, garland or crown;[7] with a corona Eucalyptus coronata HDS
coronatus HDS
coronarius Lused for garlands; forming a crown[7] Anemone coronaria HDSC[67]
corrugatus Lwrinkled, from corrugo[7] Eucalyptus corrugata HDS
coruscans Lshaking, from corusco[7] Millettia coruscans* D
corymbosus Lclustered, from corymbus;[7] corymbose Ipomoea corymbosa HDSC[33]
corynephorus Gclub Caladenia corynephora DS
coryphaeus Lleader[7] Sphagnum coryphaeum* DS
costatus Lribbed, from costa[7] Planchonella costata HDS
cotyledon Gsmall cup Saxifraga cotyledon H
crassus Lthick[7] Leavenworthia crassa HDS
crassiusculus HDS
creber Lcrowded; clustered; frequent.[7] Feminine crebra, neuter crebrum. Eucalyptus crebra DS
crenatus Lscalloped; crenate Mairia crenata HDSC[108]
crenulatus HDS
crepidatus Lslipper-like; wearing sandals[7] Dendrobium crepidatum HD
crepitans Lcreaking; rustling; rattling. From crepito.[7] Hura crepitans HD
cretaceus Lchalky, from creta[7] Caladenia cretacea HDS
crinitus Llong-haired Coccothrinax crinita HDSC[70]
criniger D
crispus Lcurled;[7] crisped Rumex crispus HDSC[57]
crispatus HDS
cristatus Lcrested; tufted[7] Agropyron cristatum HDSC[23]
croceus Lsaffron-yellow[7] Iris crocea HDS
crocatus HD
cruciatus Lcruciform; tortured[7] Gentiana cruciata HDS
crucifer D
cruentus Lbloodstained[7] Amaranthus cruentus HDSC[45]
crustatus Lencrusted or hard-surfaced, from crusta;[7] crustose Saxifraga crustata* HDS
crystallinus Lglistening, from crystallus,[7] crystal Mesembryanthemum crystallinum HDS
ctenoides Gcomb-like Melaleuca ctenoides DS
cucullaris Lhooded, from cucullus;[7] cucullate Psittacanthus cucullaris DC[62]
cucullatus HDS
cultratus Lblade-shaped, from culter,[7] knife Crassula cultrata HDS
cultriformis HDSC[109]
cuneatus Lwedge-shaped;[7] cuneate Adenanthos cuneatus, Banksia cuneata HDSC[110]
cuneiformis HDS
cupreus Lcoppery Erythranthe cuprea HDS
cupreatus HD
curtus Lshortened[7] Pterostylis curta HDS
curvatus Lcurved, from curvus[7] Ribes curvatum HDS
cuspidatus Lpointed, from cuspis, blade;[7] cuspidate Taxus cuspidata HDSC[111]
cyaneus Gblue Commelina cyanea HDSC[71]
cyclops Ground-eyed Acacia cyclops D
cylindraceus Lcylindrical, from cylindrus[7] Imperata cylindrica HDSC[112]
cylindricus HDSC[59]
cymbiformis Gboat-shaped Philotheca cymbiformis HDS
cymosus Ghaving cymes Dichapetalum cymosum HD
dactylifer Lfinger-bearing; finger-like. From dactyl, finger.[7] Phoenix dactylifera HDSC[21]
dactyloides HDS
dasyanthus Gwith thickly hairy flowers. (Also dasycarpus, thick-fruited.)[113] Pedicularis dasyantha HDS
dealbatus Lcoated with white powder; whitened. From dealbo.[7] Melaleuca dealbata HDSC[109]
debilis Lfeeble[7] Helianthus debilis HDS
decandrus Gten-stamened Ceriops decandra HDS
decapetalus Gten-petalled Mentzelia decapetala HDSC[114]
decaphyllus Gten-leaved Oxalis decaphylla* DS
deciduus Ldeciduous, from decido, to fall off[7] Larix decidua HDSC[115]
decipiens Ldeceptive, from decipio[7] Agave decipiens HDSC[116]
declinatus Lbending away or down, from declino;[7] declinate Yucca declinata HDS
decolorans Lfaded or discoloured, from decolor[7] Achillea decolorans* DS
decompositus Ldivided, from de + composito[7] Lastreopsis decomposita HD
decorus Ldecorated; decorous[7] Rhododendron decorum HDC[79]
decoratus HDS
decorticans Lstripping bark, from de + cortex[7] Geoffroea decorticans DS
decumanus Lvery large; of the tenth part[7] Canarium decumanum HD
decumbens Lreclining; decumbent. From decumbo.[7] Viola decumbens HDS
decurrens Ldecurrent, from decurro[7] Calocedrus decurrens HDSC[117]
deflexus Lbent (downward), from deflecto[7] Eucalyptus deflexa HDS
deformis Ldisfigured, from deformo[7] Pheladenia deformis HDS
dehiscens Lsplit, from dehisco;[7] dehiscent Pentachondra dehiscens* DS
dejectus Llow-lying or debased, from deiectus[7] Crassula dejecta* HDS
delectus Lbeloved, from dilectus[7] Rubus delectus* DS
delicatus Ldelicate; delightful[7] Eucalyptus delicata HDS
delicatissimus Lmost delightful Plectranthus delicatissimus* D
deliciosus Ldelicious, from deliciae,[7] delight Monstera deliciosa HDSC[48]
deltoides Gtriangular; deltoid Populus deltoides HDC[62]
deltoideus HDSC[118]
demersus Lsubmerged, from demergo[7] Ceratophyllum demersum HDSC[119]
deminutus Lsmall, from deminutio[7] Bulbophyllum deminutum HS
demissus Lsunken; lowly[7] Eremophila demissa HDS
dendricola Gtree-dwelling; tree-loving Lomaridium dendrophilum D
dendrophilus HDS
dendroideus Gtree-like. (Also dendromorphus, tree-shaped.)[120] Dendrolycopodium dendroideum HDS
densus Ldense Stenanthium densum HDS
densatus HD
dentatus Ltoothed;[7] dentate Banksia dentata HDSC[121]
dentifer D
dentosus D
denticulatus HDSC[122]
denudatus Ldenuded, from denudo[7] Magnolia denudata HDSC[123]
depauperatus Lpoorly formed, from de + pauper,[7] poor Trifolium depauperatum HDS
dependens Lhanging, from dependeo,[7] to hang from Bulbophyllum dependens HDS
depressus Ldepressed; sunken; low[7] Gaultheria depressa HDS
deserti Lof deserts, from desertus[7] Agave deserti HDSC[55]
desertorum HDS
detersus Lwiped clean, from detergeo,[7] to wipe away Connarus detersus* DS
detonsus Lsheared, from detondeo[7] Hazardia detonsa HD
deustus Lscorched, from deuro[7] Penstemon deustus HDS
diabolicus Gtwo-horned; with a devilish appearance Acer diabolicum HD
diacanthus Gdouble-thorned; double-spined Ribes diacanthum HD
diacritus Gseparated Hieracium diacritum* D
diademus Gcrown-like. Stearn and Harrison list diadema. Stylidium diademum* HD
diandrus Gtwo-stamened Bromus diandrus HDS
diaphanus Gtransparent Cystopteris diaphana HDS
dichotomus Gsplit in two; dichotomous Juncus dichotomus HDSC[124]
dichromus Gtwo-coloured Verticordia dichroma HD
dichrous HD
dicoccus Gtwo-berried Myriophyllum dicoccum* D
dictyotus Gnetted Lepidium dictyotum D
didymus Gtwinned Lepidium didymum HD
difformis Lirregular; unusual Cyperus difformis HDC[125]
diffusus Lspreading Turnera diffusa HDC[85]
digitatus Ldigitate (like an open hand), from digitus,[7] finger Diphasiastrum digitatum HDSC[124]
dilatus Lscattered; expanded. From differo.[7] Viburnum dilatatum D
dilatatus HDSC[24]
dilutus Ldiluted[7] Centaurea diluta HS
dimidiatus Lhalved;[7] divided unequally Apodytes dimidiata HDS
dimorphus Gwith two different forms Caladenia dimorpha HDS
diodon Gtwo-toothed Valerianella diodon* D
dioicus Gdioecious Aruncus dioicus HDSC[126]
dipetalus Gtwo-petalled Fraxinus dipetala HDS
diphyllus Gtwo-leaved Cardamine diphylla HDC[127]
diplotrichus Ghaving two kinds of hairs Polypodium diplotrichum* D
dipterus Gdouble-winged Eucalyptus diptera HDC[75]
dipyrenus Gtwo-fruited Ilex dipyrena* HDS
disciformis Garranged like a disc Quercus disciformis HDS
discoideus Gdisc-shaped; lacking rays; discoid Margaritaria discoidea HDS
discolor Lof different colours;[7] discolorous Diospyros discolor HDC[83]
dispar Lunequal;[7] unusual in the genus Boechera dispar HDS
dispersus Lscattered, from dispergo[7] Mentzelia dispersa HDS
dissectus Lsegmented. (Also dissaepio.)[7] Lactuca dissecta HDS
dissimilis Ldifferent[7] (from the rest of the genus) Acacia dissimilis HDS
dissitus Lspaced, from dissero,[7] to plant here and there Carex dissita DS
distachyus Gtwo-branched; double-spiked Ephedra distachya HDS
distans Lfar apart[7] Hibiscadelphus distans HDS
distichus Galternately opposed; in two ranks Gasteria disticha HDSC[27]
distortus Ldistorted[7] Astragalus distortus HDS
distylus Gtwo-styled Allocasuarina distyla HDS
diurnus Lday-blooming; by day[7] Cestrum diurnum HDS
divaricatus Lspreading wide, from divarico, to stretch apart;[7] divaricate Tabernaemontana divaricata HDSC[106]
divergens Lspreading out, from di + vergo,[7] to bend or turn Acacia divergens HDS
diversiformis Ldiverse Romulea diversiformis* HDS
divisus Ldivided, from divido[7] Gunniopsis divisa HDS
dodecandrus Gwith twelve stamens Cordia dodecandra HDS
dolabratus Gaxe-shaped Hypericum dolabriforme HDSC[73]
dolabriformis HDS
dolichostemon Ghaving long stamens Epimedium dolichostemon* DS
dolosus Ldeceptive Artemisia dolosa* HDS
domesticus Ldomestic; domesticated; of the house[7] Prunus domestica HDSC[25]
draco Ldragon.[7] (Also dracunculus, little dragon.)[81] Dracaena draco HDS
drupaceus Gstone-fruited; with drupes Juniperus drupacea HDS
drupifer HDS
dubius Ldoubtful; moving two ways[7] Nepenthes dubia HDSC[127]
dulcis Lsweet[7] Eleocharis dulcis HDSC[107]
dumetorum Lof thickets or hedges, from dumus[7] Dioscorea dumetorum HDS
dumosus Lbushy[7] Ambrosia dumosa HDSC[128]
dunensis Lof sand dunes. From Old English and Latin. Epipactis dunensis DS
duplex Ldouble[7] Thryptomene duplicata DS
duplicatus HDS
durabilis Llasting[7] Acacia durabilis DS
durus Lhard[7] Sporobolus durus HDS
duriusculus DS
dysentericus Gfor dysentery Eugenia dysenterica DS
ebenus Lebony. (Also ebeneus.)[7][4][6] Diospyros ebenum, Alangium ebenaceum* HD
ebenaceus D
ebracteatus Lwithout bracts, from bractea, metal foil[7] Eremaea ebracteata HDS
eburneus Livory[7] (the colour) Diuris eburnea HDSC[129]
echinatus Lhedgehog, from echinus[6] Ceratophyllum echinatum HDS
eclecteus Gselect. (Also eclectus.)[10] Rhododendron eclecteum* D
ecornutus Lhornless, from cornu, horn,[7] and cornutus[10] Impatiens ecornuta HDS
edulis Ledible[7] Passiflora edulis HDSC[85]
effusus Lunrestrained[7] Milium effusum HDSC[116]
elasticus Grubber; with latex Castilla elastica HDSC[101]
elatior Lloftier Primula elatior HDC[32]
elatus Llofty.[7] Cyrtanthus elatus, Leionema elatius HDSC[99]
elegans Lelegant[7] Zinnia elegans HDSC[54]
elegantulus HDS
elegantissimus Lmost elegant Plerandra elegantissima HDC[130]
elephantum Lof elephants, from elephantus[7] Lithocarpus elephantum* D
ellipsoidalis Gellipsoid Quercus ellipsoidalis HDS
ellipticus Gelliptical Adenanthos ellipticus HDSC[82]
elongatus Lelongated, from longus[7] Podocarpus elongatus HDSC[131]
emarginatus Lnotched, from margo, a border;[7] emarginate Leptospermum emarginatum HDS
emeticus Gemetic Trichilia emetica DS
eminens Leminent Sorbus eminens HDS
encliandrus Gwith half-enclosed stamens Fuchsia encliandra* H
enneaphyllus Gnine-leaved Echinocereus enneacanthus HDSC[132]
ensatus Lsword, from ensis;[7] ensiform Stylidium ensatum HDSC[25]
ensiformis HDS
entomophilus Ginsect-loving; entomophilous Dioscorea entomophila* D
epigaeus Gground Corallocarpus epigaeus* DS
epiphyllus G(flowers) on the leaves Davallia epiphylla* HS
epiphyticus G(growing) on a (different) plant Dendrobium epiphyticum HS
epipsilus Gsparse Viola epipsila D
episcopalis Gepiscopal Heliconia episcopalis D
equestris Lequestrian[7] Leionema equestre HD
erectus Lerect[7] Pterostylis erecta HDSC[69]
erinaceus Lhedgehog Aloe erinacea HD
eriophorus Gwool-bearing Cirsium eriophorum DS
erosus Lerose Eucalyptus erosa HDS
erraticus Lerratic;[7] non-generic Jacobaea erratica* DS
erubescens Lblushing, from erubesco[7] Lophospermum erubescens HDS
erythrocarpus Gred-fruited Gahnia erythrocarpa HDS
esculentus Ledible[7] Abelmoschus esculentus HDSC[27]
estriatus Lunstriped Ilex estriata* DS
etuberosus Lwithout tubers, from tuber, a swelling[7] Solanum etuberosum* DS
euchlorus Gfresh-green Praecereus euchlorus HD
eudoxus Greputable Rhododendron eudoxum DS
evectus Lelevated[7] Angiopteris evecta D
evertus Loverturned, from everto[7] Alsophila everta D
exaltatus Llofty, from altus[7] Nephrolepis exaltata HDSC[133]
exaratus Lengraved, from exaro[7] Agrostis exarata HDS
exasperatus Lrough, from exaspero, to roughen[7] Bulbophyllum exasperatum DS
excavatus Lhollowed out, from excavo[7] Calochortus excavatus HDS
excellens Lexcellent[7] Mimulopsis excellens* HD
excelsior Lloftier[7] Fraxinus excelsior HD
excelsus Llofty[7] Alectryon excelsus HDS
excisus Lexcised[7] Manilkara excisa HDS
excorticatus Lpeeling or bare, from cortex, bark[7] Fuchsia excorticata HD
exiguus Lpaltry[7] Acianthus exiguus HDSC[84]
eximius Ldistinguished[7] Protea eximia HDSC[62]
exitiosus Ltoxic[7] Tanaecium exitiosum* D
exoticus Gexotic; introduced Musa exotica DS
expansus Lexpanded, from pando[7] Goniothalamus expansus HDS
explodens Lexploding Ronnbergia explodens* DS
exsculptus Lcarved, from exsculpo[7] Pronephrium exsculptum* DS
exsertus Lprotruding;[7] exserted Acianthus exsertus HDS
exsurgens Lrising, from exsurgo[7] Galium exsurgens* DS
extensus Lextended[7] Eucalyptus extensa HDS
exudans Lexuding, from exudo[7] and exsudans[6] Acacia exudans DS
facetus Lfine;[7] refined Rhododendron facetum H
falcatus Lsickle[7] Sarcochilus falcatus, Cyrtanthus falcatus, Pterostylis falcata HDSC[74]
falciformis HDS
falcinellus HD
fallax Lfalse[7] Eremophila fallax HDS
farinaceus Lfarinaceous, from farina, flour[7] Salvia farinacea HDS
farinosus HDS
fasciatus Lbundled, from fascis;[7] fascicled Eremophila fasciata HDSC[23]
fascicularis HD
fasciculatus HDS
fastigiatus Lpointed;[7] fastigiate Leptospermum fastigiatum, Boronia fastigiata, Verticordia fastigiata HDS
fastuosus Lproud[7] Aerangis fastuosa HDSC[108]
fatuus Lfoolish;[7] insipid Avena fatua HD
febrifugus Lanti-fever, from febris, fever[7] Dichroa febrifuga HDC[49]
fecundus Lfruitful[7] Prasophyllum fecundum HS
femineus Lfeminine.[7] (Also femina.)[10] Restio femineus* DS
fenestralis Lwindowed, from fenestra;[7] fenestrate Beccariophoenix fenestralis HDS
ferax Lfruitful[7] Fargesia ferax* HDS
ferox Lfierce[7] Aconitum ferox, Datura ferox HDSC[43]
ferreus Liron[7] Mesua ferrea HDS
ferrugineus Lrusty, from ferrugo[7] Lasiopetalum ferrugineum HDSC[134]
fertilis Lfertile[7] Sporobolus fertilis HDS
ferus Lferal[7] none DS
festivus Lpretty;[7] festive Begonia festiva HD
festalis HD
fibrosus Lfibrous, from fibra[7] Dicksonia fibrosa HDS
fibrillosus HDS
fictus Lfalse[7] Brachyotum fictum D
filamentosus Lfilamented or filiform, from filum, filament[7] Caladenia filamentosa HDS
filiformis DSC[38]
filarius HD
filifer DC[55]
filicinus Lfern, from filix.[7] (Also filiculoides.)[4][121] Azolla filiculoides HDS
fimbriatus Lfringed, from fimbriae, fringe[7] Corybas fimbriatus, Eremaea fimbriata HDS
fimbriatulus DC[135]
firmus Lfirm[7] Aconitum firmum HDS
fissilis Lfissured;[7] with fissures Melaleuca fissurata HDS
fissuratus HDS
fissus HDS
fistulosus Lhollow, from fistula, tube[7] Allium fistulosum HDSC[90]
flabellatus Lfanned-out, from flabellum[7] Hymenophyllum flabellatum, Eremophila flabellata HDSC[54]
flabellifer HD
flabelliformis HDS
flaccidus Llimp, from flacceo;[7] flaccid. (Also flaccus.)[70] Yucca flaccida, Caladenia flaccida HDSC[67]
flagellum Lwhip.[7] (Also flagellifer.)[70] Rubus flagellaris DS
flagellaris HDS
flagelliformis HDS
flammula Lflame[7] Alloxylon flammeum, Melaleuca flammea D
flammeus HDS
flavus Lyellow[7] Glaucium flavum HDSC[23]
flavissimus Lbright yellow Zephyranthes flavissima* HD
flavescens Llight yellow, from flavesco[7] Diuris flavescens HDSC[136]
flavens HD
flaveolus HDS
flavidus HDS
flexilis Lflexible[7] Pinus flexilis HDSC[104]
flexuosus Ltwisted;[7] flexuous Agonis flexuosa, Thelymitra flexuosa HDSC[89]
floccosus Lwoolly, from floccus, a lock of hair[7] Limnanthes floccosa HDS
flocculosus HD
flocciger HD
floribundus Lflower-abundant, from abundo, to abound[7] Myoporum floribundum HDSC[137]
floridus Lflowery[7] Cornus florida HDSC[138]
florifer HDSC[42]
fluitans Lfloating, from fluito[7] Glyceria fluitans HDS
fluviatilis Lriver[7] Melaleuca fluviatilis HDSC[83]
fluvialis HD
foeminus Lfeminine Lysimachia foemina DS
foetidus Lfetid, from foedo[7] Passiflora foetida HDSC[139]
foetidissimus Lmost fetid Iris foetidissima HD
foliosus Lleafy, from folium[7] Narcissus foliosus, Lepidium foliosum HDSC[140]
foliatus HDS
foliaceus HDS
foliolosus Lleaflet, from folio;[10] with folioles Melaleuca foliolosa HDS
foliolotus HD
follicularis Lfollicled, from folliculus, a small bag[7] Cephalotus follicularis HDS
fontanus Lfountain[7] Asplenium fontanum, Cerastium fontanum HDS
fontinalis DS
formosus Lbeautiful[7] Calothamnus formosus HDSC[54]
foveolatus Ldimpled, from fovea, a small pit;[7] foveolate Cryptocarya foveolata, Chionanthus foveolatus HDS
fragilis Lfragile[7] Opuntia fragilis HDSC[141]
fragrans Lfragrant[7] Myristica fragrans HDSC[54]
fragrantissimus Lmost fragrant Lonicera fragrantissima HDC[142]
frigidus Lfrigid[7] (the habitat) Petasites frigidus HDSC[81]
frondosus Lleafy;[7] with fronds Bidens frondosa HDSC[143]
frumentaceus Lgrain, from frumentum[7] Echinochloa frumentacea D
fruticosus Lshrubby[7] Phlomis fruticosa HDSC[53]
frutescens HDSC[108]
fruticans HDC[113]
fruticulosus HD
fruticicola Lshrubland. (Also fruticola.)[4] Bulbophyllum fruticicola, Henckelia fruticola* D
fucatus Lpainted[7] Trifolium fucatum HDS
fugax Lfleeting;[7] fugacious Fontainea fugax HDS
fulgens Lshining[7] Fuchsia fulgens HDSC[23]
fulgidus HDSC[144]
fuliginosus Lsooty[7] Caladenia fuliginosa HDS
fullonum Lof fullers Dipsacus fullonum D
fulvus Ltawny[7] Iris fulva, Caladenia fulva HDSC[139]
fulvidus Llight tawny Austroderia fulvida* HDSC[145]
fulvescens HDS
fumidus Lsmoky[7] Thismia fumida* DS
fumosus Lsmoky Senegalia fumosa* DS
funebris Lfunereal[7] Cupressus funebris HD
fungosus Lfungal, from fungus[7] Balanophora fungosa HDS
funiculatus Lcord, from funiculus;[7] funicled Arenaria funiculata DS
furcatus Lforked, from furca;[7] furcate Iris furcata HDS
furcans HD
furfuraceus Lscaly, from furfures, bran[7] Zieria furfuracea DSC[146]
furiens Lmaddening, from furio[7] Cirsium furiens* D
fuscus Ldark brown[7] Prasophyllum fuscum HDSC[60]
fuscatus HDS
fusiformis Lspindle-shaped, from fusus[7] Billardiera fusiformis DS
futilis Luseless[7] Bulbophyllum futile HD
galactinus Gmilky Rhododendron galactinum D
galanthus Gmilky-flowered Allium galanthum HDS
galeatus Lhelmeted[7] Verticordia galeata HDS
galericulatus HDS
gelidus Lfrigid[7] Campanula gelida HDS
geminatus Lpaired, from geminus, twin-born[7] Quercus geminata DS
gemmatus Lbudding, from gemma, bud[7] Caladenia gemmata HDS
gemmifer HDS
geniculatus Ljointed;[7] bent Geum geniculatum HDS
geocarpus Gburied-fruit Macrotyloma geocarpum DS
geometricus Lgeometrical[7] Weinmannia geometrica* D
geometrizans Ggeometrical Myrtillocactus geometrizans D
gibbus Lgibbous;[7] humped Utricularia gibba HDS
gibberosus HD
gibbosus HDS
gigas Lgiant[7] Goniothalamus giganteus DSC[71]
giganteus HDS
gilvus Llight yellow[7] Quercus gilva HDS
glaber Lsmooth[7] (feminine glabra, neuter glabrum) Calothamnus glaber HDSC[106]
glabellus HDS
glaberrimus Lsmoothest Melaleuca glaberrima DC[147]
glabrescens Lbalding Adenanthos glabrescens, Leptospermum glabrescens, Kunzea glabrescens HDSC[11]
glabriusculus Lsemi-smooth Atriplex glabriuscula HDSC[100]
glabratus HDS
glacialis Lglacial[7] Epacris glacialis HDS
gladiiformis Lsword, from gladius[7] Lepidosperma gladiatum D
gladiatus HD
glandiformis Lglandular. (Also glanduliger.)[148] Anopterus glandulosus DC[53]
glandulosus HDS
glandulifer HDS
glaphyrus Gpolished Erica glaphyra* D
glaucus Lglaucous[7] Casuarina glauca, Monotoca glauca, Cyathodes glauca HDS
glaucoides DC[91]
glaucescens Lglaucescent Iris glaucescens HDSC[149]
glischrus Gsticky Ageratina glischra* D
globifer Lglobe-bearing, from globus, globe[7] Melaleuca globifera HDSC[127]
globulifer HDS
globosus Lglobe.[7] (Also globulus.)[149] Physaria globosa, Gomphrena globosa HDSC[57]
globularis HDS
globulosus HDS
glomeratus Lglobular, from glomero[7] Campanula glomerata HDS
glomerulatus DSC[59]
gloriosus Lglorious[7] Wahlenbergia gloriosa HDC[38]
glumaceus Lglumed Conospermum glumaceum HDS
glutinosus Lglutinous, from gluten, glue[7] Alnus glutinosa, Salvia glutinosa HDSC[105]
gongylodes Gbulbous Cissus gongylodes* HDS
goniocalyx Gangled-calyx Eucalyptus goniocalyx HDS
gracilis Lslender[7] Marsippospermum gracile, Prasophyllum gracile, Cautleya gracilis HDSC[102]
gracilentus HD
gracilior Lmore graceful Afrocarpus gracilior D
gracillimus Lmost graceful Caladenia gracillima D
gramineus Lgrassy[7] Iris graminea, Pterostylis graminea HDSC[150]
grammopetalus Gstriped-petal, from grammo[10] Potentilla grammopetala* D
grandis Llarge[7] Banksia grandis, Micromyrtus grandis HDSC[151]
graniticus Lgranite Calothamnus graniticus HDS
granulatus Lgranular, from granum[7] Zieria granulata HDS
granulosus HDS
gratus Lgratifying[7] Encephalartos gratus HDS
gratissimus Lmost gratifying Croton gratissimus HD
graveolens Lstrong-smelling[7] Durio graveolens HDSC[14]
griseus Lgrey Eucalyptus grisea HDSC[152]
grosseserratus Lsaw-toothed, from serratus, serrated.[7] Stearn hyphenates grosse-serratus. Veronica grosseserrata* HDSC[114]
grossus Lcoarse; large Banksia grossa, Eucalyptus grossa HDS
gruinus Lcrane, from grus[7] Erodium gruinum* D
gummifer Lgummy Ceratopetalum gummiferum HD
gummosus HDS
guttatus Lspotted, from gutta[7] Tuberaria guttata HDSC[153]
gymnocarpus Gnaked-fruited Rosa gymnocarpa HDS
gyrans Lcircling, from gyrus[7] Andropogon gyrans* DS
habrotrichus Gsoft-haired Alseodaphne habrotricha* D
haematodes Gbloody. (Also haematacanthus.)[112] Ferocactus haematacanthus, Cymbidium haematodes* HD
halophilus Gsalt-loving Iris halophila HDS
hamatus Lhooked[7] Nepenthes hamata HDS
hamosus HDS
hastatus Lspear, from hastatus;[7] hastate Salix hastata, Caladenia hastata HDSC[84]
hastilis DS
hastulatus HD
hastifer Lspear-bearing Thelocactus hastifer DS
hebecarpus Gfuzzy-fruited Senna hebecarpa HDC[52]
helix Ghelix Hedera helix HD
helodes Gmarsh Echinochloa helodes* HD
helvolus Llight yellow-brown Strophostyles helvola HD
hemisphaericus Lhemispherical, from sphaera, sphere[7] Quercus hemisphaerica HDS
hemitrichotus Ghalf-hairy Rhododendron hemitrichotum* D
hepaticus Gliver-coloured Anemone hepatica HS
heptaphyllus Gseven-leaved Ipomoea heptaphylla HDSC[148]
herbaceus Lherbaceous, from herba, herb[7] Smilax herbacea HDSC[95]
hesperus Gwestern Parietaria hespera D
heterolepis Gdiverse-scaled Sporobolus heterolepis DC[154]
heterophyllus Gdiverse-leaved Cistus heterophyllus HDSC[99]
heterochromus Gdiverse-coloured Utricularia heterochroma D
heterodoxus Gnon-generic Heliamphora heterodoxa HD
heteromorphus Gdiverse-formed; heteromorphic Dypsis heteromorpha D
hexagonus Ghexagonal Iris hexagona HDS
hexandrus Gsix-stamened Leersia hexandra HDSC[64]
hians Lwide-open, from hio, to gape[7] Salvia hians HDS
hibernus Lwinter[7] Austrocactus hibernus* DS
hiemalis Lwinter.[7] (Also hyemalis.)[4][155] Caladenia hiemalis HDSC[138]
hieroglyphicus Ghieroglyphic Vriesea hieroglyphica D
hircinus Lgoat[7] Hypericum hircinum HDS
hirsutus Lhairy;[7] hirsute Calothamnus hirsutus, Stapelia hirsuta HDSC[77]
hirsutulus HD
hirsutissimus Lhairiest Lupinus hirsutissimus HDC[94]
hirtus Lhairy[7] Mimetes hirtus HDSC[144]
hirtellus HD
hispidus Lbristly;[7] hispid. (Also hispidulus.)[48] Acalypha hispida HDSC[109]
holocarpus Gwhole-carpelled; whole-fruited Atriplex holocarpa DS
hololeucus Gall-white Artemisia hololeuca* D
holosericeus Gsilk-covered Melaleuca holosericea HD
homolepis Gevenly scaled Abies homolepis DC[151]
horizontalis Ghorizontal Cotoneaster horizontalis HDSC[103]
horridus Lprickly[7] Banksia horrida, Hakea horrida HDS
hortensis Lgarden, from hortus.[7] (Also hortensius.)[156] Anemone hortensis HDSC[118]
hortorum HDS
hortulanus HDS
humifusus Lhumifuse; low-spreading, from humus, ground,[7] and fusus, spread out[7] Opuntia humifusa, Scaevola humifusa, Boronia humifusa HDSC[157]
humilis Llow[7] Jasminum humile, Rivina humilis, Allocasuarina humilis HDSC[43]
hyalinus Lglass, from hyalus;[7] hyaline Melica hyalina HDS
hybridus Lhybrid, from hybrida, mongrel[7] Trifolium hybridum HDSC[158]
hylaeus Gforest Theobroma hylaeum* HD
hylophilus Gforest-loving Piper hylophilum D
hymenodes Gfilmy Alsophila hymenodes D
hyperboreus Gfar northern[7] Bidens hyperborea HDS
hypochon­driacus Gmelancholy Amaranthus hypochondriacus HDC[45]
hypogaeus Gunderground Arachis hypogaea HDS
hypoglaucus Gglaucous-backed Cissus hypoglauca HDS
hypokerina Gwaxy-backed Berberis hypokerina D
hypophaeus Gdark-backed Quercus hypophaea DS
hypoleucus Gwhite-backed Lobelia hypoleuca HDS
hypophyllus Ghypophyllous Phyllocladus hypophyllus HDS
hystrix Gporcupine Schizolaena hystrix HDC[36]

See also

Notes

  1. Words in the third column following "from" are related words from Classical Latin. The Latin and Latinised Greek words in the first column have masculine endings. If the genus is feminine, the -us ending generally becomes -a, -is is unchanged, and -er becomes -era, or occasionally -ra, as noted; other endings remain unchanged. For a neuter genus, -us becomes -um, -is becomes -e and -er becomes -erum, or occasionally -rum.
  2. The arrow provides a link to the table row that describes the species epithet.
  3. Since all of the references cited in the table except Coombes arrange their species epithets alphabetically, citations with page numbers are provided only for Coombes, and each source in the table except for Coombes is always represented by the same superscript.
  4. Red links for species are followed by an asterisk linking to the genus.
  5. The -um ending here denotes a genitive plural noun.
  6. Harrison and Bayton list an -erus ending for many -fer and -ger epithets; Stearn occasionally gives an -ers ending.
  7. The suffix -ulus and other diminutives can mean, among other things, "little" or "a little";[44] the exact meanings are beyond the scope of this list.

Citations

  1. Cullen, p. 38.
  2. The Linnean Society.
  3. Stearn, p. ix, x.
  4. Harrison.
  5. Bayton.
  6. Stearn 2004.
  7. Lewis.
  8. Stearn.
  9. POWO.
  10. Gledhill.
  11. Coombes, p. 83.
  12. Coombes, p. 251.
  13. Coombes, p. 102.
  14. Coombes, p. 260.
  15. Coombes, p. 257.
  16. Coombes, p. 240.
  17. Coombes, p. 99.
  18. Coombes, p. 268.
  19. Coombes, p. 249.
  20. Coombes, p. 107.
  21. Coombes, p. 231.
  22. Coombes, p. 189.
  23. Coombes, p. 32.
  24. Coombes, p. 128.
  25. Coombes, p. 177.
  26. Coombes, p. 138.
  27. Coombes, p. 23.
  28. Coombes, p. 266.
  29. Coombes, p. 300.
  30. Coombes, p. 248.
  31. Coombes, p. 29.
  32. Coombes, p. 242.
  33. Coombes, p. 35.
  34. Coombes, p. 184.
  35. Coombes, p. 70.
  36. Coombes, p. 96.
  37. Coombes, p. 228.
  38. Coombes, p. 308.
  39. Coombes, p. 171.
  40. Coombes, p. 197.
  41. Coombes, p. 206.
  42. Coombes, p. 271.
  43. Coombes, p. 39.
  44. Stearn 2004, p. 301.
  45. Coombes, p. 41.
  46. Coombes, p. 238.
  47. Coombes, p. 87.
  48. Coombes, p. 31.
  49. Coombes, p. 124.
  50. Coombes, p. 227.
  51. Coombes, p. 255.
  52. Coombes, p. 272.
  53. Coombes, p. 42.
  54. Coombes, p. 47.
  55. Coombes, p. 34.
  56. Coombes, p. 33.
  57. Coombes, p. 72.
  58. Coombes, p. 245.
  59. Coombes, p. 43.
  60. Coombes, p. 202.
  61. Coombes, p. 121.
  62. Coombes, p. 123.
  63. Coombes, p. 216.
  64. Coombes, p. 275.
  65. Coombes, p. 74.
  66. Coombes, p. 111.
  67. Coombes, p. 44.
  68. Coombes, p. 210.
  69. Coombes, p. 292.
  70. Coombes, p. 82.
  71. Coombes, p. 37.
  72. Coombes, p. 276.
  73. Coombes, p. 290.
  74. Coombes, p. 116.
  75. Coombes, p. 160.
  76. Coombes, p. 229.
  77. Coombes, p. 26.
  78. Coombes, p. 263.
  79. Coombes, p. 219.
  80. Coombes, p. 50.
  81. Coombes, p. 52.
  82. Coombes, p. 104.
  83. Coombes, p. 67.
  84. Coombes, p. 262.
  85. Coombes, p. 194.
  86. Coombes, p. 170.
  87. Coombes, p. 213.
  88. Coombes, p. 270.
  89. Coombes, p. 106.
  90. Coombes, p. 209.
  91. Coombes, p. 134.
  92. Coombes, p. 253.
  93. Coombes, p. 114.
  94. Coombes, p. 97.
  95. Coombes, p. 136.
  96. Coombes, p. 101.
  97. Coombes, p. 246.
  98. Coombes, p. 267.
  99. Coombes, p. 48.
  100. Coombes, p. 277.
  101. Coombes, p. 144.
  102. Coombes, p. 69.
  103. Coombes, p. 108.
  104. Coombes, p. 235.
  105. Coombes, p. 38.
  106. Coombes, p. 84.
  107. Coombes, p. 139.
  108. Coombes, p. 49.
  109. Coombes, p. 25.
  110. Coombes, p. 86.
  111. Coombes, p. 287.
  112. Coombes, p. 143.
  113. Coombes, p. 288.
  114. Coombes, p. 163.
  115. Coombes, p. 174.
  116. Coombes, p. 181.
  117. Coombes, p. 77.
  118. Coombes, p. 59.
  119. Coombes, p. 89.
  120. Coombes, p. 203.
  121. Coombes, p. 60.
  122. Coombes, p. 243.
  123. Coombes, p. 142.
  124. Coombes, p. 76.
  125. Coombes, p. 302.
  126. Coombes, p. 46.
  127. Coombes, p. 180.
  128. Coombes, p. 283.
  129. Coombes, p. 135.
  130. Coombes, p. 122.
  131. Coombes, p. 225.
  132. Coombes, p. 221.
  133. Coombes, p. 54.
  134. Coombes, p. 125.
  135. Coombes, p. 273.
  136. Coombes, p. 162.
  137. Coombes, p. 182.
  138. Coombes, p. 78.
  139. Coombes, p. 165.
  140. Coombes, p. 63.
  141. Coombes, p. 117.
  142. Coombes, p. 195.
  143. Coombes, p. 66.
  144. Coombes, p. 259.
  145. Coombes, p. 105.
  146. Coombes, p. 309.
  147. Coombes, p. 57.
  148. Coombes, p. 81.
  149. Coombes, p. 137.
  150. Coombes, p. 30.
  151. Coombes, p. 24.
  152. Coombes, p. 27.
  153. Coombes, p. 207.
  154. Coombes, p. 280.
  155. Coombes, p. 133.
  156. Coombes, p. 211.
  157. Coombes, p. 218.
  158. Coombes, p. 254.

References

  • Bayton, Ross (2020). The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20017-0.
  • Coombes, Allen (2012). The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 9781604691962.
  • Cullen, Katherine E. (2006). Biology: The People Behind the Science. New York, New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9780816072217.
  • Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453.
  • Harrison, Lorraine (2012). Latin for Gardeners: Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226009193.
  • Lewis, Charlton (1891). An Elementary Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199102051. Available online at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • The Linnean Society (August 1992). "Publications by William T. Stearn on bibliographical, botanical and horticultural subjects, 1977–1991; a chronological list". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 109 (4): 443–451. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb01443.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
  • POWO (2019). "Plants of the World Online". London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2021. See http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/terms-and-conditions for license.
  • Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 9780881926279.
  • Stearn, William (2002). Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. London: Cassell. ISBN 9780304364695.

Further reading

  • Brown, Roland (1956). Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 9781560988489.
  • Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (2013). An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon. Mansfield Centre, Connecticut: Martino Fine Books. ISBN 9781614273974. Reprint of the 1888/1889 edition. Available online at the Perseus Digital Library.

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