Visa requirements for United States citizens

Visa requirements for United States citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states that are imposed on citizens of the United States.

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As of July 2023, holders of a United States passport may travel to 185 countries and territories without a travel visa, or with a visa on arrival. The United States passport currently ranks[Note 1] seventh in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passport of Lithuania), according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] It is also ranked 4th by the Global Passport Power Rank.[2]

Visa requirements map
Visa requirements for holders of regular United States passports
  United States
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required / ETA
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa / Online payment required
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival
  Travel restricted (either by local law or US regulations)

Visa requirements

General visa requirements of sovereign countries towards United States citizens:

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees) Reciprocity
 Afghanistan Visa required[3][4][5]
  • Visitors born in Afghanistan do not require a visa.[4]
  • All visitors are fingerprinted, and are required to register with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs upon arrival.[4]
  • The U.S. government forced all Afghan diplomatic missions in the U.S. to close in March 2022. Applicants must now obtain a visa from a mission in another country.[6][7][5]
  • The Taliban accepts visas issued by diplomatic missions not under its control.[8]
 Yes
 Albania Visa not required[9][10] 1 year No
 Algeria Visa required[11][12]
  • Persons may be denied entry if entering with a passport containing visas or stamps issued by Israel.
 Yes
 Andorra Visa not required[13] 3 months[14][15] Yes
 Angola Visa not required[16][17][18][19] 30 days
  • 30 days extendable once.[20]
  • Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested a pre-visa from an Angolan consulate abroad are issued a visa upon arrival at the country's border crossings.[20]
  • Maximum total stay of 90 days within a one-year period.[21]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[22]
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.[20]
 No
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[23][24] 6 months[25]
  • Stringent application of rules regarding proof of sufficient funds, return ticket and accommodation.[26]
 No
 Argentina Visa not required[27] 90 days
  • Extendable up to 180 days.
  • Visitors are fingerprinted and photographed upon entry.
 No
 Armenia Visa not required[28] 180 days No
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[29] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted[30]
  • May enter using SmartGate.[31]
 Yes
 Austria Visa not required[32][33] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[34]
  • Residence permit (Aufenthaltstitel) for stays of longer than 90 days obtainable after arrival under certain conditions.
 Yes
 Azerbaijan eVisa[35] 30 days[36]
  • If staying in Azerbaijan for more than ten days, visitors must register at the State Migration Service within three days of arrival.[37][38]
  • Applicants of Armenian ancestry or with Armenian visas in their passport may be denied a visa.[39]
  • Currently, the direct flight between New York and Baku is suspended, so the visa on arrival has also been suspended.[40]
 No
 Bahamas Visa not required[41][42] 8 months
  • Passport Card or Enhanced Drivers License valid for Sea Travel
 No
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[43] 14 days[44]
  • Visa also obtainable online[45]
 No
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[46][47] 30 days[48]
  • Available at Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sylhet international airports.
  • No visa required for Bangladeshi Americans and their spouse and children with a copy of a former Bangladeshi passport, a Dual Nationality Certificate, NVR, a Bangladeshi NID, or a digital birth registration certificate.[49]
 No
 Barbados Visa not required[50][51] 6 months[52] No
 Belarus Visa required[53]
  • U.S. passport holders traveling to Belarus via Minsk International Airport may enter visa-free for up to 30 days (the 30-day limit includes the day of arrival and the day of departure) for tourism or business.
 Yes
 Belgium Visa not required[54] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[55]
  • Residence permit (Titre de séjour/Verblijfstitel/Aufenthaltstitel) obtainable after arrival for stays longer than 90 days under certain conditions.
 Yes
 Belize Visa not required[56][57] 30 days[58] No
 Benin eVisa[59][60] 30 days No
 Bhutan eVisa[62][63]
  • Sustainable Development Fee of $200 per day for almost all visitors to Bhutan.[64]
 Yes/No
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[65] 30 days
  • No Fee if visa obtained prior to arrival (consular visa) [66]
  • 160 dollar fee payable by US dollars that must be clean, and not wrinkled or torn or local currency if obtaining at border
 No
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[67][68] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory.[69]
 No
 Botswana Visa not required[70][71] 90 days
  • 90 days within any one-year period[72]
 No
 Brazil Visa not required[73][74] 90 days
  • Up to 90 days per visit, but no more than 180 days per year.
  • Brazilian authorities have announced that United States citizens will require a visa beginning January 10, 2024[75][76]
 No
 Brunei Visa not required[77][78] 90 days Yes
 Bulgaria Visa not required[79][80] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period[81]
 No
 Burkina Faso eVisa / Visa on arrival[82][83] 1 month No
 Burundi Visa on arrival[85] 1 month No
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[87] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[88]
  • All visitors are fingerprinted upon arrival and departure.[89]
 No
 Cameroon eVisa[90][91] —
 Canada Visa not required[93][94] 6 months
  • Anyone with a criminal record (including misdemeanors or alcohol-related driving offenses in the US) may not be able to enter Canada without first obtaining an approval for rehabilitation[95] or a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP).[96]
  • Passport Card, NEXUS card, or Enhanced Drivers License valid for Land and Sea Travel
  • US citizens exempt from obtaining Canada ETA and are in fact barred from doing so.
  • Green Card Holders exempt as well.
 Yes
 Cape Verde Visa not required[97][98] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[99]
 No
 Central African Republic Visa not required[100][101][102] 180 days
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.[103]
  • Even though the Central African Republic visa policy states that US citizens do not need any entry visa for a stay of up to 180 days, airlines may still refuse boarding to passengers who have a valid US passport, and a Yellow Fever vaccine certificate.[104]
 No
 Chad Visa required[105][106] —
 Chile Visa not required[109] 90 days[110][111]
  • Proof of COVID-19 vaccine, negative PCR test, and health insurance is required.[112]
 Yes
 China Visa required[113]
  • Registration mandatory within 24 hours of arrival.[114]
  • All visitors between the ages of 14 and 70 are fingerprinted upon arrival and departure.
 —
 Colombia Visa not required[117][118] 90 days
  • Extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period[119]
  • Colombian-born U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens traveling with children may face special exit requirements.[120]
 No
 Comoros Visa on arrival[121][122] 45 days No
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[123][124] —
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[126][127][128] 7 days —
 Costa Rica Visa not required[130][131] 90 days No
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[132] 3 months No
 Croatia Visa not required[134][135] 90 days Yes
 Cuba Tourist card required[137][138]
  • Tourist travel is prohibited under U.S. law for U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and others subject to U.S. jurisdiction.[138] Under the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, all persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction are not permitted to travel to Cuba unless licensed to engage in travel-related transactions. In addition to specific licenses granted by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), there are 12 "general licenses" that people can choose to travel on without being required to notify OFAC,[note 1] and the broad and self-reported nature of these licenses means travel is in practice subject to few restrictions.[142][143]
  • Cuba requires travelers to purchase a tourist card prior to arrival, which can be obtained from the airline or a Cuban diplomatic mission. Tourist cards are valid for one entry and a 30-day stay, which can be extended once by 90 days at a hotel or immigration office in Cuba.[144][143]
  • Cuba requires travelers to have health insurance valid in Cuba, which can be purchased from the airline.[138]
 No
 Cyprus Visa not required[145][146] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period[147]
 No
 Czech Republic Visa not required[148][149] 90 days Yes
 Denmark Visa not required[151][152] 90 days
  • U.S. citizens can enter Denmark for up to 3 months every six months, regardless of whether they have stayed in other Schengen countries prior to entry into Denmark.[153]
 Yes
 Djibouti eVisa[154] 31 days No
 Dominica Visa not required[155][156][157] 6 months No
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[158][159] 30 days
  • Extendable up to 90 days
  • Passport Card or Enhanced Drivers License valid for sea travel
 No
 Ecuador Visa not required[160] 90 days
  • Extendable for another 90 days, per year[161]
 No
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[162] 30 days No
 El Salvador Visa not required[165][166] 3 months No
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[168][169] Yes
 Eritrea Visa required[171]
  • Permit required to leave captial
 —
 Estonia Visa not required[172][173] 90 days Yes
 Eswatini Visa not required[175] 30 days
  • Extendable up to 60 days[176]
 No
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[177] up to 90 days No
 Fiji Visa not required[180] 4 months[181] No
 Finland Visa not required[182][183] 90 days Yes
 France Visa not required[185][186] 90 days Yes
 Gabon eVisa[192] 90 days No
 Gambia Visa on arrival[195][196] —
 Georgia Visa not required[198] 1 year No
 Germany Visa not required[199] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[200]
  • Residence permit (Aufenthaltstitel) for stays of longer than 90 days obtainable after arrival under certain conditions.
 Yes
 Ghana Visa required[201][202] —
 Greece Visa not required[204][205] 90 days Yes
 Grenada Visa not required[207][208] 3 months No
 Guatemala Visa not required[209][210] 90 days No
 Guinea eVisa[211][212] 90 days No
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[214] 90 days No
 Guyana Visa not required[215] 90 days [216] No
 Haiti Visa not required[217][218] 3 months No
 Honduras Visa not required[219] 3 months No
 Hungary Visa not required[220][221] 90 days Yes
 Iceland Visa not required[223][224] 90 days Yes
 India eVisa[226][227] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 2] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 3][228]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an eVisa. [229]
  • Visitors are fingerprinted.
  • American citizens are eligible for a ten-year, multiple-entry tourist visa (not an e-visa).[230]
  • American citizens of Pakistani heritage are not eligible for an eVisa nor are they eligible for a ten-year, multiple-entry tourist visa, and must apply for a regular visa.
 No
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[231] 30 days[232][233] No
 Iran Visa required[234][235]
  • Iranian visas must be obtained from the Iranian Interests section of the Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C. or an Iranian embassy in a third country.[236]
  • U.S. visitors are fingerprinted and photographed upon entry.[237]
  • Independent travelers must be accompanied by an authorized guide at all times.
 —
 Iraq Visa on arrival[238] 60 days No
 Ireland Visa not required[239][240][241] 3 months
  • Residence permit for stays of longer than 90 days obtainable after arrival under certain conditions.
 Yes
 Israel Visa not required[242] 90 days
  • Dual nationals of Israel and the United States who don't have an Israeli passport, including infants, may be required to obtain an Israeli passport in order to leave Israel.[243]
  • Entry prohibited for any person "who knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel".[244]
 Yes
 Italy Visa not required[245][246] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[247]
  • A bilateral agreement pre-dating the Schengen area may allow 90 days of stay in Italy regardless of days spent in other Schengen countries.[190]
 Yes
 Jamaica Visa not required[248] 6 months Yes
 Japan Visa not required[249] 90 days Yes
 Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[250][251] No
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[253][254] 30 days
  • Visa free was granted in 2014 under the Unilateral visa waiver for countries with high investment in Kazakhstan Economy
 No
 Kenya eVisa[255][256] 3 months No
 Kiribati Visa not required[258][259] 90 days
  • May not exceed 90 days within any 12 months period
 No
 North Korea Travel restricted by U.S. government[260][261][262][263]
  • U.S. passports holders must obtain a special passport validation from the U.S. federal government before travel.[263]
  • U.S. secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, authorized a ban on American travel to North Korea that went into effect in August 2017, following the death of Otto Warmbier, a US student who was detained in North Korea and sentenced to 15 years of hard labor for allegedly stealing a poster.
 —
 South Korea Visa not required[264] 90 days
  • All visitors are fingerprinted. From September 2021, travelers require the Korean Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA). The validity period is 3 years from the date of approval.[265][266]
  • The government of the Republic of Korea announced that from April 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024, a K-ETA is no required for 27 countries citizens visiting Korea for 90 days or less for business or tourism.
 Yes
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[267] No
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[268] 3 months No
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[269] 60 days[270] No
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[271][272] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at Luangphabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 4] and 6 border crossings.[Note 5][273] Visa on arrival facilities are being gradually phased out since January 2020.[274]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through Luangphabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges[Note 6] and in Boten (road and railroad).[275]
  • 17[Note 7] of the 31 border crossings are only open to visa holders.[273]
  • Visa on arrival is extendable for an additional 60 days at the Department of Immigration in Vientiane.[276]
 No
 Latvia Visa not required[277][278] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area[279]
  • A bilateral agreement pre-dating the Schengen area allows an additional 90 days of stay in Latvia (to a total of 180) regardless of days spent in other Schengen countries.[280]
 Yes
 Lebanon Free visa on arrival[281] 30 days
  • Extendable for 2 additional months.
  • Visa waiver granted if there is no Israeli visa or seal and traveler has a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 No
 Lesotho Visa not required[282] 14 days
  • Extendable up to 180 days.[283]
 No
 Liberia Visa required[284] —
 Libya Visa required[286]
  • Visitors travelling to Libya for touristic purposes are required to convert US$1,000 or equivalent on arrival.
  • Holders of passports bearing an Israeli visa or entry/exit stamps from Israel are not allowed to enter Libya.[287]
 —
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[288] 90 days Yes
 Lithuania Visa not required[290][291] 90 days Yes
 Luxembourg Visa not required[293][294] 90 days Yes
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[296] 60 days No
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[297][298]

The government of Malawi grants U.S. citizens visas upon arrival at a port-of-entry in Malawi, but encourages travelers to apply online in advance for an e-visa at the following link: http://www.evisa.gov.mw. The current fee for a single-entry visa is $50; a multiple entry visa is $150.[299]

 No
 Malaysia Visa not required[300] 3 months
  • All visitors are fingerprinted on arrival and departure.[301]
  • Immigration offenses, such as visa overstaying, are punishable by caning.
 No
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[302][303] 30 days
  • Extendable up to 90 days.
 No
 Mali Visa required[304][305] —
 Malta Visa not required[307][308] 90 days Yes
 Marshall Islands Freedom of movement[310] Unlimited Yes
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[312] No
 Mauritius Visa not required[314] 90 days[315] No
 Mexico Visa not required[316][317] 180 days
  • Visitors must obtain a Multiple Immigration Form. There is no charge for a tourist FMM for stays of less than 7 days when entering by land. For visitors staying more than 7 days and entering by land, it will cost 687 Mexican Pesos or nearly 40 USD. The FMM is required for all visitors entering via air, regardless of length of stay, and the cost is included in the traveler's airfare and remitted by the airline.[318][319]
  • Passport Card or Enhanced Drivers License is valid for Land and Sea Travel
 No
 Micronesia Freedom of movement[320] Unlimited[321] Yes
 Moldova Visa not required[323] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period
  • Registration upon arrival is mandatory.[324]
 No
 Monaco Visa not required[325] 90 days Yes
 Mongolia Visa not required[328] 90 days
  • Registration required after 30 days.[329]
 No
 Montenegro Visa not required[330] 90 days
  • Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory.[331]
 No
 Morocco Visa not required[332] 3 months[333] No
 Mozambique Visa not required[334][335] 30 days
  • Travelers must register on the e-Visa platform at least 48 hours prior to travel and pay a processing fee of 650 MT.
 No
 Myanmar eVisa[336] 28 days No
 Namibia Visa not required[337] 3 months[338] No
 Nauru Visa required[339] 30 days
  • Visas are issued with validity of 30 days.[340]
 —
   Nepal eVisa / Visa on arrival[341][342] 90 days
  • Obtainable at Tribhuvan International Airport and certain land borders.
  • Total aggregate stay of no more than 150 days in any given calendar year.[343]
  • US Citizens are eligible for five-year multiple entry visas.
 No
 Netherlands Visa not required[344][345] 90 days Yes
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[348] 3 months[349][350] Yes
 Nicaragua Visa not required[353] 90 days No
 Niger Visa required[355][106] —
 Nigeria eVisa[357][358] 90 days
  • Business eVisas-on-arrival available for "Frequently Traveled Business Persons of International Reputes" or "Executives of Multi-national Companies", as well as for government officials[359]
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required if arriving from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission
 —
 North Macedonia Visa not required[360] 90 days
  • Registration with the local police within 24 hours of arrival is mandatory[361]
 No
 Norway Visa not required[362][363] 90 days
  • 3 months within a 6-month period, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries.[364][365]
 Yes
 Oman Visa not required / eVisa[366] 14 days / 30 days
  • Visa exemption valid for 10 days [367]
  • Holders of a visa or entrance stamp of the Emirate of Dubai that is valid for at least 21 days are visa exempt.[368]
  • Holders of a visa for Qatar that is valid for travel to Oman and valid for at least one month are visa exempt when arriving directly from Qatar.[369]
  • Iris scan is taken on arrival.[370]
 No
 Pakistan ETA / Online Visa[371] 30 days / 3 months
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[372]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[373]
  • Online Visa eligible.[374]
 No
 Palau Freedom of movement[375] 1 year[376] Yes
 Panama Visa not required[377] 180 days
  • Denial of entry or transit to any person who has a criminal conviction.[378]
 No
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[379][380] 60 days
  • Extendable for 30 days[381]
 No
 Paraguay Visa not required[382] 90 days
  • Effective October 12, 2021, U.S. citizens are no longer required to obtain a tourist visa for stays of up to 90 days.[383]
 No
 Peru Visa not required[384] 90 days
  • Determined on arrival[385]
 No
 Philippines Visa not required[386][387] 30 days
  • Naturalized US citizens of former Philippine nationality (balikbayan) allowed to stay for one year.
 No
 Poland Visa not required[388] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.
  • Dual nationals must use their Polish passport.[389]
  • A bilateral agreement pre-dating the Schengen area allows a stay in Poland regardless of days spent in other Schengen countries.[390][391][191]
 Yes
 Portugal Visa not required[392][393][394] 90 days Yes
 Qatar Visa not required[396] 30 days No
 Romania Visa not required[397][398] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[399]
 No
 Russia Visa required[400]
  • 72-hour visa-free transit for international cruise ship/ferry passengers only if travelling with an organized tour and accompanied at all times by a tour operator.
  • Registration required after 7 business days.[401][402]
  • American citizens may receive multiple-entry visas valid for three years.[403]
 —
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[404][405] 30 days No
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[407][408] 3 months No
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[409][410] 6 weeks No
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[411] 6 months[412] No
 Samoa Visa not required[413] 60 days No
 San Marino Visa not required[414][415] Yes
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[416] 15 days No
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[418][419] 90 days No
 Senegal Visa not required[420] 90 days No
 Serbia Visa not required[422] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period[423]
 No
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[424] 3 months
  • Extendable up to a year[425]
 No
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[426][427][428] 3 months / 30 days No
 Singapore Visa not required[430] 90 days[431]
  • All visitors are fingerprinted upon arrival and departure[432]
 Yes
 Slovakia Visa not required[433][434] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.
  • Medical insurance required.
  • Sufficient funds of $50 per person per day required.
  • Registration within 3 working days required.[435]
 Yes
 Slovenia Visa not required[436][437] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area.
  • Registration with the local police required within 72 hours of arrival.[438]
 Yes
 Solomon Islands Free Visitor's permit on arrival[439] 3 months
  • 3 months within 12 months[440]
 No
 Somalia Visa on arrival[441] No
 South Africa Visa not required[442] 90 days
  • Holders of passports without 2 blank pages may be refused entry.[443]
 No
 South Sudan eVisa[444][445] No
 Spain Visa not required[447][448] 90 days Yes
 Sri Lanka ETA / Visa on arrival[450] 30 days[451]
  • Visa on arrival with Electronic Travel Authorization
  • US style visa waiver, get a ETA and travel
 No
 Sudan Visa required[452][453]
  • Exit visa required.
  • Registration within 3 days mandatory.[454]
 —
 Suriname Visa not required[455] 90 days
  • Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[456]
 No
 Sweden Visa not required[457][458] 90 days Yes
  Switzerland Visa not required[460][461] 90 days Yes
 Syria Visa required[463][464]
  • Registration required within 15 days.
  • Persons with passports bearing Israeli visas or entry/exit stamps are not allowed to enter.[465]
  • Visa not required for foreign citizens with proof of Syrian origin, such as an identification card or passport
  • Dual-citizen males ages 17–42 need military service book
  • If not forgiven by the military, dual-citizens may apply for a visit visa once a year through the embassy
 —
 Taiwan[466] Visa not required 90 days[467]
  • Visitors fingerprinted upon arrival
 Yes
 Tajikistan Visa not required[468][469] 30 days
  • eVisa also available.
  • eVisa holders can enter through all border points.[470]
 No
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[471][472][473] 3 months No
 Thailand Visa not required[474] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 No
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[475] 30 days
  • For arrivals by air only[476]
 No
 Togo eVisa[477][478] 15 days[479] No
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[480] 31 days No
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[481] 90 days[482] No
 Tunisia Visa not required[483] 90 days[484] No
 Turkey eVisa[485][486] 90 days
  • Single or multiple entry visa[487]
 No
 Turkmenistan Visa required[488]
  • 10-day visa on arrival if holding letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the Foreign Ministry.[489]
 —
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[490] 1 month
  • Extendable up to 3 months[491]
  • Visa on arrival is issued free of charge.
 No
 Uganda eVisa[492] 90 days
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  • Must apply online at least 2 business days prior to travel.[493]
  • Airlines may deny passengers permission to board flights to Uganda without proof that they had successfully applied for an eVisa.
  • Ugandan immigration authorities may require additional documentation, including proof of a return plane ticket and detailed tour itinerary in Uganda.
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.[494]
 No
 Ukraine Visa not required[495] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period[496]
 No
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[497][498] 30 days
  • Extension possible with a fee
  • Iris scan taken on arrival
  • U.S. passport holders can sign up for E-Gate access on arrival/departure at Dubai International Airport
 No
 United Kingdom Visa not required[499][500] 6 months[501] Yes
 Uruguay Visa not required[502] 90 days[503] No
 Uzbekistan eVisa[504][505] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[506]
  • Registration within 3 days is mandatory.[507]
  • U.S. citizens under the age of 16 or over the age of 55 traveling to Uzbekistan for tourism purposes are eligible for visa-free entry for a period of up to 90 days and 30 days, respectively.[508]
 No
 Vanuatu Visa not required[509] 30 days
  • Extendable up to 120 days[510]
 No
  Vatican City Visa not required[511] No
 Venezuela Visa required[512] —
 Vietnam eVisa[513][514] No
 Yemen Visa required[517][518]
  • Registration mandatory.
  • Exit visa required for stays over 30 days.[519]
 —
 Zambia Visa not required[520] 90 days No
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[523] 3 months
  • Tourism purposes only.[524]
  • Electronic visa also available.[525]
 No

Territories or administrative subdivisions with different visa policies

Visa requirements for United States citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries not mentioned in the list above, recognized administrative subdivisions that operate on different visa policies and restricted zones:

Visitor toVisa requirementAllowed stayNotes (excluding departure fees)
Africa
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required
  • Travel Permit for Foreigners is required to travel outside of the capital.[526]
 Ascension Island eVisa[527][528] 3 months
  • 3 months within any one year period
 Saint Helena Visa Free with Payment
  • Visitor's Pass granted on arrival.[529]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required
 Mayotte Visa not required[531] 90 days
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days
  • Obtainable on arrival or at the Somaliland Mission in Alexandria, VA.[532]
 Réunion Visa not required[533] 90 days
 Sudan outside Khartoum Travel permit required
  • All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required
  • Separate travel permit is required.[534]
Asia
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required
  • Special permit required.[535]
China Hainan Visa not required when travelling as part of a tour group
  • Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (2 or more people)[536][537]
 Hong Kong Visa not required 90 days[538]
India Protected and restricted areas of India PAP/RAP required
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa on arrival
Kazakhstan Baikonur & Priozersk Special permission required
Iran Kish Island Visa not required
 Macau Visa not required 30 days[546]
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required
  • These states have their own immigration authorities and a passport is required to travel to them, but the same visa applies.[547]
 Maldives outside Malé Permission required
  • Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of the Maldives.[548]
 Palestine Visa not required
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required
  • Tibet Travel Permit required in addition to Chinese visa.[553]
Turkmenistan Closed cities of Turkmenistan Special permit required
Vietnam Phú Quốc Visa not required 30 days[515]
 Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden Special permission required
Caribbean and North Atlantic
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[555]
 Aruba Visa not required[556][557] 30 days
 Bermuda Visa not required[558] 6 months
Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba) Visa not required 180 days
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 30 days
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 6 months[559]
Colombia San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival
 Curaçao Visa not required 6 months
  • Maximum consecutive period of six months each calendar year.[561]
France French West Indies (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy) Visa not required 3 months
 Greenland Visa not required[562]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months
 Sint Maarten Visa not required 6 months
  • Maximum stay allowed is 6 months uninterrupted with the possibility to extend[563][564]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required 90 days[565]
Europe
 Abkhazia Visa required[566]
Belarus Brest and Grodno Visa not required
 10 days[567]
 Crimea Visa required
  • Visa issued by Russia is required.[568]
 Novorossiya Restricted area
  • Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[569]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[570]
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[562]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[571]
 Guernsey Visa not required[572]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[573]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required[571] 24 hours
  • Permit issued by the local police required for stays less than 24 hours[574]
  • Permit issued by the Norwegian police required for stays of more than 24 hours.[575]
 Jersey Visa not required[576]
 Artsakh Visa required[577][578]
Russia Closed cities of Russia Special authorization required
 South Ossetia Visa not required
  • Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[580][581]
 Svalbard Visa not required[582] Unlimited Any of any nationality may live and work freely in Svalbard per the Svalbard Treaty.
 Transnistria Visa not required 24 hours
Oceania
American Samoa American Samoa Freedom of movement Unlimited
  • Passport is required for entry because American Samoans, by law, are not US citizens; rather they are US nationals.
  • U.S. citizens and U.S. nationals may live and work freely in American Samoa.[585]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required
  • Special authorisation required.[586]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required
  • Special permit required.[587]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[588]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required
  • Special permission required.[181]
 French Polynesia Visa not required 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period[589]
Guam Guam Freedom of movement Unlimited
  • U.S. citizens and U.S. nationals citizens may live and work freely in Guam.
  • Passport/EDL is required for entry. Under certain circumstances, a government issued photo ID and proof of citizenship may be used in lieu a passport on a case-by-case basis.[590][591][592]
 Niue Visa on arrival 30 days[593]
New Caledonia New Caledonia Visa not required 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period[594]
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands Freedom of movement Unlimited
  • U.S. citizens and U.S. nationals citizens may live and work freely in the Northern Mariana Islands.
  • Passport/EDL is not required for entry of U.S. Citizens.[592]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required[595] 14 days
 Tokelau Entry permit required[596]
South America
Galápagos Pre-registration required
  • Online pre-registration is required.
  • Transit Control Card must be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[597]
France French Guiana Visa not required 3 months[598] International Certificate of Vaccination required.
South Atlantic and Antarctica
 Falkland Islands Visa not required[599]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required
 Antarctica Special permits required Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[602][603][604][605][606][607][608][609][610][611][612][613]

Pre-approved visas pick-up

Pre-approved visas can be picked up on arrival in the following countries instead of an embassy or consulate.

Pre-approved
visas pick-up
on arrival		Conditions
 Bhutan[614] For a maximum stay of 15 days if the application was submitted at least 2 and a half months before arrival and if the clearance was obtained.
 Cameroon[615] Must hold approval from the General Delegate of Security.
 Eritrea[616] Must have a sponsor who must submit an application at least 48 hours before arrival.
 Liberia[617] Available only if arriving from a country without a diplomatic mission of Liberia and if a sponsor obtained an approval.
 Nigeria[618] Holders of a visa application who have a Nigerian company taking responsibility for them.
 Sudan[619] Holders of an entry permit issued by the Ministry of Interior.
 Turkmenistan[620] Holders of an invitation letter from the local company that was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Passport card

The United States Passport Card can be used as an alternative to the passport booklet only when travelling to and from Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands at maritime ports-of-entry or land border crossings. The card is not valid for international air travel whatsoever; if traveling by air, the passport book is required.[621]

APEC Travel Business Card

The APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) is meant to facilitate travel for U.S. citizens engaged in verified business in the APEC region.[622]

The U.S. ABTC should enable access to a dedicated fast-track lane for expedited immigration processing at some participating foreign APEC member airports.[623] U.S. APEC Business Travel Card holders may also use the Global Entry kiosks at participating airports upon their U.S. return.[624] As the U.S. is a transitional member of the ABTC scheme, however, the U.S. APEC Business Travel Card cannot be used in lieu of a visa to enter an APEC member country.[625] The program was initially set to expire on September 30, 2018, but the November 2017 signing of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Travel Cards Act of 2017 (S. 504) ensured it would permanently remain.[626]

Consular protection of U.S. citizens abroad
American diplomatic missions, including embassies (blue), interests sections, and other representations (light blue)

The United States has the second most diplomatic missions of any country in the world.
See also List of diplomatic missions of the United States and List of diplomatic missions in the United States.

The Department of State regularly publishes travel warnings or travel alerts.

Non-visa restrictions
A United States passport with a biometric chip.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[627] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination
Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[628] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[629]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[630][631]

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[632]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[633][634] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[635]

Some countries, such as Japan,[636] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[637] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[638] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[639] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[640] Philippines,[641] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[642]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[643] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[644] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[645]

For example, Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens that have previously entered Azerbaijan through non-Azerbaijani controlled borders. This includes the illegal entry into the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[646] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding Armenian-occupied territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[647] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[648] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[649] Lebanon,[650] Libya,[651] Syria,[652] and Yemen[653] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics
See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[654]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[655][656] Argentina,[657] Brunei, Cambodia,[658] China,[659] Ethiopia,[660] Ghana, Guinea,[661] India, Japan,[662][663] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[664] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[665] Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[666] Singapore, South Korea,[667] Taiwan, Thailand,[668] Uganda,[669] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[670][671][672] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[673]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[674] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[675][676] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[677] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[678][679]

Foreign travel statistics

These are the numbers of visits by U.S. nationals to various countries in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):

  1. The general licenses are:[139]
    • Family visits
    • Official business of the U.S. government, foreign governments, and certain intergovernmental organizations
    • Journalistic activity
    • Professional research and professional meetings
    • Educational activities
    • Religious activities
    • Public performances, clinics, workshops, athletic and other competitions, and exhibitions
    • Support for the Cuban people
    • Humanitarian projects
    • Activities of private foundations or research or educational institutes
    • Exportation, importation, or transmission of information or informational materials
    • Certain export transactions that may be considered for authorization under existing Department of Commerce regulations and guidelines with respect to Cuba or engaged in by U.S.-owned or -controlled foreign firms
    To use a general license, travelers are required only to attest to one on a form provided by the airline, and only when traveling on a flight directly from the U.S. They are expected to maintain a full-time schedule consistent with the terms of the general license, and to only make transactions related to this purpose. Airlines and travelers are required to maintain records of all Cuba-related transactions for at least five years.[140][141]
  2. Data for 2016
  3. Data for 2017
  4. Data for 2014
  5. Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
  6. Data for 2013
  7. Data for arrivals by air only.
  8. Data for 2012
  9. Excluding one-day visits
  10. Data for 2010
  11. Data for 2007
  12. Data for 2009
  13. Data for 2005
  14. Data for 2019
  15. Data for arrivals by air only.
  16. Data for 2015

See also

References
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Notes
  1. Using dense ranking.
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
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