Erlizumab

Erlizumab, also known as rhuMAb, is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that was an experimental immunosuppressive drug. Erlizumab was developed by Genentech under a partnership with Roche to treat heart attack, stroke, and traumatic shock.[1]

Erlizumab
Monoclonal antibody
TypeF(ab')2 fragment
SourceHumanized (from mouse)
TargetCD18
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
KEGG
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Mechanism of action

The drug works by blocking a growth factor in blood vessels.[2] Specifically, erlizumab targets CD18 and an LFA-1 integrin.[3] Erlizumab was meant to stop lymphocyte movement into inflamed tissue, thereby reducing tissue damage.[4]

Clinical trials

Genentech started clinical trials on the drug in October 1996.[5] During clinical trials, six patients suddenly started coughing up blood, and four of them later died.[2] In June 2000, preliminary phase II clinical trial results showed that erlizumab did not meet Genentech's goals.[1] Genentech's primary goal was for the drug to increase blood flow to the heart within 90 minutes of administering the medicine.[4]

Other anti-CD18 drugs

Multiple companies have tried to develop anti-CD18 drugs, but none of them have been successful.[4] Among them are Icos's rovelizumab (LeukArrest), and two drugs developed by Protein Design Labs and Centocor.[4] Although trials in humans have not gone well, the research of CD18 drugs in animals has been encouraging.[4] It is thought that the experimental medicines are affecting the lymphocyte adhesion pathway in humans in unintended ways.[4] One hypothesis is that the endothelial cell barrier function fails when blood supply is low for a prolonged time in humans.[6] If this is true, the drug is not able to stop lymphocyte movement into inflamed tissue.[6]

References
  1. "Genentech Announces Phase II Trial of Experimental Anti-CD18 Antibody Did Not Meet Its Primary Objectives". Business Wire. June 16, 2000. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
  2. Altman L (May 30, 2000). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD; In Search of Surprises as Cures for Cancer". The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
  3. Hehlgans S, Haase M, Cordes N (January 2007). "Signalling via integrins: implications for cell survival and anticancer strategies". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 1775 (1): 163–80. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.09.001. PMID 17084981.
  4. Dove A (August 2000). "CD18 trials disappoint again". Nature Biotechnology. 18 (8): 817–8. doi:10.1038/78412. PMID 10932141. S2CID 190257.
  5. "Genentech Reports 1996 Third Quarter Results". Genentech. October 21, 1996. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
  6. Baran KW, Nguyen M, McKendall GR, Lambrew CT, Dykstra G, Palmeri ST, et al. (December 2001). "Double-blind, randomized trial of an anti-CD18 antibody in conjunction with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction: limitation of myocardial infarction following thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (LIMIT AMI) study". Circulation. 104 (23): 2778–83. doi:10.1161/hc4801.100236. PMID 11733394.
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