Parachlamydiaceae

Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a Chlamydia–like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured Vero cells. The Parachlamydiaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that detect Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide.

Parachlamydiaceae
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Chlamydiota
Class: Chlamydiia
Order: Chlamydiales
Family: Parachlamydiaceae
Everett et al., 1999 [1]
Genus
  • "Ca. Mesochlamydia"
  • "Ca. Metachlamydia"
  • Neochlamydia
  • Parachlamydia
  • "Ca. Protochlamydia"
  • "Ca. Rubidus"

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[3]

16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[4][5][6] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[7][8][9]
 
 

Neochlamydia

 
 

Parachlamydia

 
 
 
 

"Ca. Rubidus massiliensis" Pagnier et al. 2015

 
 
 

Neochlamydia hartmannellae Horn et al. 2001

 
 
 

Parachlamydia acanthamoebae Everett, Bush & Andersen 1999

 
"Ca. Protochlamydia"
 

"Ca. P. amoebophila" Collingro et al. 2005

 
 

"Ca. P. naegleriophila" Casson et al. 2006

 
 
 
 
 

Unassigned species:

  • "Ca. Mesochlamydia elodeae" Corsaro et al. 2012
  • "Ca. Metachlamydia lacustris" Corsaro et al. 2010

Isolated Endosymbionts include:

  • Hall's coccus
  • P9
  • UV-7
  • endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. TUME1
  • endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. UWC22
  • endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. UWE1

Uncultured lineages include:[3]

  • Neochlamydia turtle type 1
  • environmental Neochlamydia
  • corvenA4
  • cvC15
  • cvC7
  • cvE5

Parachlamydia acanthamoebae has variable Gram staining characteristics and is mesophilic. Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba hosting these strains were isolated from asymptomatic women in Germany and also in an outbreak of humidifier fever (‘Hall’s coccus’) in Vermont USA. Four patients from Nova Scotia whose sera recognized Hall's coccus did not show serological cross-reaction with antigens from the Chlamydiaceae.[10]

Notes

Metachlamydia lacustris and Protochlamydia species were found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but have no standing with the Bacteriological Code (1990 and subsequent Revision) as detailed by List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) as a result of the following reasons:
• No pure culture isolated or available for prokaryotes.
• Not validly published because the effective publication only documents deposit of the type strain in a single recognized culture collection.
• Not approved and published by the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology or the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB/IJSEM).

See also

References
  1. Karin D. E. Everett, Robin M. Bush & Arthur A. Andersen (1999). "Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for identification of organisms". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 49 (2): 415–440. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-415. PMID 10319462.
  2. J.P. Euzéby. "Parachlamydiaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  3. Sayers; et al. "Parachlamydiaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  4. "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  5. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  6. "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  7. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  8. "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  9. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  10. R. J. Birtles; T. J. Rowbotham; C. Storey; T. J. Marrie; D. Raoult (1997). "Chlamydia-like obligate parasite of free-living amoebae". The Lancet. 349 (9056): 925–926. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62701-8. PMID 9093261.
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