List of current heads of state and government
This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, there is only one leader being both head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state. In single-party systems, ruling party's leader (i.e. General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds presidency or premiership.
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.
Member and observer states of the United Nations
Colour key |
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Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government. |
Blue cells indicate non–ceremonial heads of state with limited power (e.g. Bhutan) or de facto government leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power (e.g. Myanmar). |
- Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
State | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Leader – Hibatullah Akhundzada | Acting Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund |
Albania | President – Bajram Begaj | Prime Minister – Edi Rama |
Algeria | President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune | Prime Minister – Aymen Benabderrahmane |
Andorra | Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives i Sicília Co-Prince's Representative – Josep Maria Mauri French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron[lower-greek 1] Co-Prince's Representative – Patrick Strzoda |
Prime Minister – Xavier Espot Zamora |
Angola | President – João Lourenço | |
Antigua and Barbuda | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams |
Prime Minister – Gaston Browne |
Argentina | President – Alberto Fernández | |
Armenia | President – Vahagn Khachaturyan | Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan |
Australia | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – David Hurley |
Prime Minister – Anthony Albanese |
Austria | President – Alexander Van der Bellen | Chancellor – Karl Nehammer |
Azerbaijan | President – Ilham Aliyev | Prime Minister – Ali Asadov |
Bahamas, The | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir Cornelius A. Smith |
Prime Minister – Philip Davis |
Bahrain | King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa |
Bangladesh | President – Abdul Hamid | Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina |
Barbados | President – Dame Sandra Mason | Prime Minister – Mia Mottley |
Belarus | President – Alexander Lukashenko | |
Belgium | King – Philippe | Prime Minister – Alexander De Croo |
Belize | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Dame Froyla Tzalam |
Prime Minister – Johnny Briceño |
Benin | President – Patrice Talon | |
Bhutan | King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | Prime Minister – Lotay Tshering |
Bolivia | President – Luis Arce | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | High Representative – Christian Schmidt | |
Presidency[lower-greek 3] | Prime Minister – Zoran Tegeltija | |
Šefik Džaferović (as Chairman) | ||
Milorad Dodik (as Member) Željko Komšić (as Member) Denis Bećirović (as Member-elect) Željka Cvijanović (as Member-elect} | ||
Botswana | President – Mokgweetsi Masisi | |
Brazil | President – Jair Bolsonaro | |
President-elect – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | ||
Brunei | Sultan and Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah | |
Bulgaria | President – Rumen Radev | Prime Minister – Galab Donev |
Burkina Faso | President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration – Ibrahim Traoré | |
Interim President – Ibrahim Traoré | Interim Prime Minister – Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla | |
Burundi | President – Évariste Ndayishimiye[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Gervais Ndirakobuca |
Cambodia | King – Norodom Sihamoni | Prime Minister – Hun Sen |
Cameroon | President – Paul Biya[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute |
Canada | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor General – Mary Simon |
Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau |
Cape Verde | President – José Maria Neves | Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva |
Central African Republic | President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Félix Moloua |
Chad | Transitional President – Mahamat Déby | Prime Minister – Saleh Kebzabo |
Chile | President – Gabriel Boric | |
China | General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping | |
President – Xi Jinping | Premier – Li Keqiang Premier-designate – Li Qiang | |
Colombia | President – Gustavo Petro | |
Comoros | President – Azali Assoumani | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | President – Félix Tshisekedi | Prime Minister – Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde |
Congo, Republic of the | President – Denis Sassou Nguesso | Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso |
Costa Rica | President – Rodrigo Chaves Robles | |
Croatia | President – Zoran Milanović | Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković |
Cuba | First Secretary of the Communist Party – Miguel Díaz-Canel | |
President – Miguel Díaz-Canel | Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz | |
Cyprus | President – Nicos Anastasiades | |
Czech Republic | President – Miloš Zeman | Prime Minister – Petr Fiala |
Denmark | Queen – Margrethe II | Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen |
Djibouti | President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed |
Dominica | President – Charles Savarin | Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit |
Dominican Republic | President – Luis Abinader | |
East Timor | President – José Ramos-Horta | Prime Minister – Taur Matan Ruak |
Ecuador | President – Guillermo Lasso | |
Egypt | President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | Prime Minister – Mostafa Madbouly |
El Salvador | President – Nayib Bukele | |
Equatorial Guinea | President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Francisco Pascual Obama Asue |
Eritrea | Chairman of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice – Isaias Afwerki | |
President – Isaias Afwerki | ||
Estonia | President – Alar Karis | Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas |
Eswatini | King – Mswati III | Prime Minister – Cleopas Dlamini |
Ethiopia | President – Sahle-Work Zewde | Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed |
Fiji | President – Ratu Wiliame Katonivere | Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama |
Finland | President – Sauli Niinistö | Prime Minister – Sanna Marin |
France | President – Emmanuel Macron[lower-greek 1] | Prime Minister – Élisabeth Borne |
Gabon | President – Ali Bongo Ondimba[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Rose Christiane Raponda |
Gambia, The | President – Adama Barrow | |
Georgia | President – Salome Zourabichvili | Prime Minister – Irakli Garibashvili |
Germany | President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier | Chancellor – Olaf Scholz |
Ghana | President – Nana Akufo-Addo | |
Greece | President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou | Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis |
Grenada | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade |
Prime Minister – Dickon Mitchell |
Guatemala | President – Alejandro Giammattei | |
Guinea | Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development – Mamady Doumbouya | |
Interim President – Mamady Doumbouya | Interim Prime Minister – Bernard Gomou | |
Guinea-Bissau | President – Umaro Sissoco Embaló | Prime Minister – Nuno Gomes Nabiam |
Guyana | President – Irfaan Ali[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Mark Phillips |
Haiti | Interim President – Ariel Henry | Prime Minister – Ariel Henry |
Honduras | President – Xiomara Castro | |
Hungary | President – Katalin Novák | Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán |
Iceland | President – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson | Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir |
India | President – Droupadi Murmu | Prime Minister – Narendra Modi |
Indonesia | President – Joko Widodo | |
Iran | Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei[lower-greek 5] | President – Ebrahim Raisi |
Iraq | President – Abdul Latif Rashid | Prime Minister – Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani |
Ireland | President – Michael D. Higgins | Taoiseach – Micheál Martin |
Israel | President – Isaac Herzog | Prime Minister – Yair Lapid |
Prime minister-designate – Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
Italy | President – Sergio Mattarella | Prime Minister – Giorgia Meloni |
Ivory Coast | President – Alassane Ouattara[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Patrick Achi |
Jamaica | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen |
Prime Minister – Andrew Holness |
Japan | Emperor – Naruhito[lower-greek 6] | Prime Minister – Fumio Kishida |
Jordan | King – Abdullah II | Prime Minister – Bisher Al-Khasawneh |
Kazakhstan | President – Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Älihan Smaiylov |
Kenya | President – William Ruto | |
Kiribati | President – Taneti Maamau | |
Kuwait | Emir – Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Prime Minister – Sheikh Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah |
Kyrgyzstan | President – Sadyr Japarov[lower-greek 4] | Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers – Akylbek Japarov |
Laos | General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party – Thongloun Sisoulith | |
President – Thongloun Sisoulith | Prime Minister – Phankham Viphavanh | |
Latvia | President – Egils Levits | Prime Minister – Krišjānis Kariņš |
Lebanon | Acting President – Najib Mikati | Prime Minister – Najib Mikati |
Lesotho | King – Letsie III | Prime Minister – Sam Matekane |
Liberia | President – George Weah | |
Libya | Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi | Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh |
Liechtenstein | Prince Regnant – Hans-Adam II | Prime Minister – Daniel Risch |
Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois | ||
Lithuania | President – Gitanas Nausėda | Prime Minister – Ingrida Šimonytė |
Luxembourg | Grand Duke – Henri | Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel |
Madagascar | President – Andry Rajoelina | Prime Minister – Christian Ntsay |
Malawi | President – Lazarus Chakwera | |
Malaysia | Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah | Prime Minister – Ismail Sabri Yaakob |
Maldives | President – Ibrahim Mohamed Solih | |
Mali | Interim President – Assimi Goïta | Interim Prime Minister – Abdoulaye Maïga |
Malta | President – George Vella | Prime Minister – Robert Abela |
Marshall Islands | President – David Kabua | |
Mauritania | President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani | Prime Minister – Mohamed Ould Bilal |
Mauritius | President – Prithvirajsing Roopun | Prime Minister – Pravind Jugnauth |
Mexico | President – Andrés Manuel López Obrador | |
Federated States of Micronesia | President – David W. Panuelo | |
Moldova | President – Maia Sandu | Prime Minister – Natalia Gavrilița |
Monaco | Sovereign Prince – Albert II | Minister of State – Pierre Dartout |
Mongolia | President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Prime Minister – Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene |
Montenegro | President – Milo Đukanović | Prime Minister – Dritan Abazović |
Morocco | King – Mohammed VI | Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch |
Mozambique | President – Filipe Nyusi[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Adriano Maleiane |
Myanmar | Chairman of the State Administration Council – Min Aung Hlaing[1] | |
Acting President – Myint Swe[2] | Prime Minister – Min Aung Hlaing[1] | |
Namibia | President – Hage Geingob[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa |
Nauru | President – Russ Kun | |
Nepal | President – Bidya Devi Bhandari | Prime Minister – Sher Bahadur Deuba |
Netherlands | King – Willem-Alexander | Prime Minister – Mark Rutte |
New Zealand | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Dame Cindy Kiro[lower-greek 7] |
Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern |
Nicaragua | President – Daniel Ortega | |
Niger | President – Mohamed Bazoum | Prime Minister – Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou |
Nigeria | President – Muhammadu Buhari | |
North Korea | General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea – Kim Jong-un | |
President of the State Affairs Commission – Kim Jong-un | Premier – Kim Tok-hun | |
North Macedonia | President – Stevo Pendarovski | Prime Minister – Dimitar Kovačevski |
Norway | King – Harald V | Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr Støre |
Oman | Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq | |
Pakistan | President – Arif Alvi | Prime Minister – Shehbaz Sharif |
Palau | President – Surangel Whipps Jr. | |
Palestine | President – Mahmoud Abbas | Prime Minister – Mohammad Shtayyeh |
Panama | President – Laurentino Cortizo | |
Papua New Guinea | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae |
Prime Minister – James Marape |
Paraguay | President – Mario Abdo Benítez | |
Peru | President – Pedro Castillo[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Aníbal Torres |
Philippines | President – Bongbong Marcos | |
Poland | President – Andrzej Duda | Prime Minister – Mateusz Morawiecki |
Portugal | President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa | Prime Minister – António Costa |
Qatar | Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani | Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani |
Romania | President – Klaus Iohannis | Prime Minister – Nicolae Ciucă |
Russia | President – Vladimir Putin | Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin |
Rwanda | President – Paul Kagame[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Édouard Ngirente |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir Tapley Seaton |
Prime Minister – Terrance Drew |
Saint Lucia | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Acting Governor-General – Errol Charles |
Prime Minister – Philip J. Pierre |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Dame Susan Dougan |
Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves |
Samoa | O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II | Prime Minister – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa |
San Marino | Captain Regent[lower-greek 8] – Maria Luisa Berti | Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs[3] – Luca Beccari |
Captain Regent[lower-greek 8] – Manuel Ciavatta | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | President – Carlos Vila Nova | Prime Minister – Jorge Bom Jesus Prime minister-designate – Patrice Trovoada |
Saudi Arabia | King – Salman | Prime Minister – Mohammed bin Salman |
Senegal | President – Macky Sall[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Amadou Ba |
Serbia | President – Aleksandar Vučić | Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić |
Seychelles | President – Wavel Ramkalawan | |
Sierra Leone | President – Julius Maada Bio[lower-greek 4] | Chief Minister – Jacob Jusu Saffa |
Singapore | President – Halimah Yacob | Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong |
Slovakia | President – Zuzana Čaputová | Prime Minister – Eduard Heger |
Slovenia | President – Borut Pahor | Prime Minister – Robert Golob |
Solomon Islands | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir David Vunagi |
Prime Minister – Manasseh Sogavare |
Somalia | President – Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | Prime Minister – Hamza Abdi Barre |
South Africa | President – Cyril Ramaphosa | |
South Korea | President – Yoon Suk-yeol | |
South Sudan | President – Salva Kiir Mayardit | |
Spain | King – Felipe VI | Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez |
Sri Lanka | President – Ranil Wickremesinghe | |
Sudan | Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan | Acting Prime Minister – Osman Hussein |
Suriname | President – Chan Santokhi | |
Sweden | King – Carl XVI Gustaf | Prime Minister – Ulf Kristersson |
Switzerland | Federal Council[lower-greek 9] | |
Members:
| ||
Syria | President – Bashar al-Assad | Prime Minister – Hussein Arnous |
Tajikistan | President – Emomali Rahmon[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda |
Tanzania | President – Samia Suluhu Hassan[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Kassim Majaliwa |
Thailand | King – Maha Vajiralongkorn | Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-cha |
Togo | President – Faure Gnassingbé[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Victoire Tomegah Dogbé |
Tonga | King – Tupou VI | Prime Minister – Siaosi Sovaleni |
Trinidad and Tobago | President – Paula-Mae Weekes | Prime Minister – Keith Rowley |
Tunisia | President – Kaïs Saïed[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Najla Bouden |
Turkey | President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | |
Turkmenistan | President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow | |
Tuvalu | King – Charles III[lower-greek 2] Governor-General – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani |
Prime Minister – Kausea Natano |
Uganda | President – Yoweri Museveni[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Robinah Nabbanja |
Ukraine | President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy | Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal |
United Arab Emirates | President – Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |
United Kingdom | King – Charles III | Prime Minister – Rishi Sunak |
United States | President – Joe Biden | |
Uruguay | President – Luis Lacalle Pou | |
Uzbekistan | President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev[lower-greek 4] | Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov |
Vanuatu | President – Nikenike Vurobaravu | Prime Minister – Ishmael Kalsakau |
Vatican City | Sovereign – Pope Francis | President of the Governorate – Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga |
Venezuela | President – Nicolás Maduro | |
Vietnam | General Secretary of the Communist Party – Nguyễn Phú Trọng | |
President – Nguyễn Xuân Phúc | Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính | |
Yemen | Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council – Rashad al-Alimi[4] | Prime Minister – Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed |
Zambia | President – Hakainde Hichilema | |
Zimbabwe | President – Emmerson Mnangagwa |
Other states
The following states are in free association with another UN member state.
State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|---|
Cook Islands | New Zealand | King – Charles III[lower-greek 10] King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters |
Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
Niue | New Zealand | King – Charles III[lower-greek 10] King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro[lower-greek 7] |
Premier – Dalton Tagelagi |
The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia | Georgia | President – Aslan Bzhania | Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | People's Republic of China | President – Tsai Ing-wen | Premier – Su Tseng-chang |
Kosovo | Serbia | President – Vjosa Osmani | Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
Northern Cyprus | Cyprus | President – Ersin Tatar | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
Sahrawi Republic | Morocco | General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
South Ossetia | Georgia | President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|---|
Artsakh | Azerbaijan | President – Arayik Harutyunyan | |
Somaliland | Somalia | President – Muse Bihi Abdi | |
Transnistria | Moldova | President – Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg |
Other governments
These alternative governments are recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
---|---|---|---|
Coordination Council | Belarus | President – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
National Assembly (2015) | Venezuela | President of the National Assembly – Juan Guaidó | |
Supreme Political Council | Yemen | Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat | Prime Minister – Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour |
Syrian Interim Government | Syria | President – Salem al-Meslet | Prime Minister – Abdurrahman Mustafa |
Sui generis entities
Entity | Head of entity | Head of government |
---|---|---|
European Union | President of the European Council – Charles Michel[5] | President of the European Commission – Ursula von der Leyen[6] |
Sovereign Military Order of Malta | Lieutenant (interim Grand Master) – John T. Dunlap | Grand Chancellor – Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo |
See also
- President of the Republic
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- Lists of state leaders by century
- List of state leaders in the 21st century
- List of state leaders in 2022
Notes
- The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
- Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where he permanently resides), he is represented at the national level by a governor-general.
- The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
- In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
- According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
- The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.
- The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
- The Captain Regent representing the party with a plurality of seats in the legislature of San Marino, the Grand and General Council, exercises more legislative power than the Captain Regent belonging to the opposition.
- The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.
References
- "Chairman of the State Administration Council Prime Minister Senior General Min Aung Hlaing receives Ambassador of Thailand to Myanmar". Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- Khine Lin Kyaw (31 July 2022). "Myanmar Extends State of Emergency For Six Months Until February". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- "San Marino: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report".
- Ghobari, Mohamed (7 April 2022). "Yemen president sacks deputy, delegates presidential powers to council". Reuters. Aden. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
With this declaration a Presidential Leadership Council shall be established to complete the implementation of the tasks of the transitional period. I irreversibly delegate to the Presidential Leadership Council my full powers in accordance with the constitution and the Gulf Initiative and its executive mechanism.
- "Europese knoop ontward: Charles Michel wordt voorzitter van de Europese Raad". 2 July 2019. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021.
- "Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote". 16 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022.
External links
- CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)—contextualised biographies of world political leaders
- EmilePhaneuf—an archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
- Portale Storia (in Italian)—a list of current rulers by country
- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers