1637
1637 (MDCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1637th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 637th year of the 2nd millennium, the 37th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1637, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1637 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1637 MDCXXXVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2390 |
| Armenian calendar | 1086 ԹՎ ՌՁԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6387 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1558–1559 |
| Bengali calendar | 1044 |
| Berber calendar | 2587 |
| English Regnal year | 12 Cha. 1 – 13 Cha. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2181 |
| Burmese calendar | 999 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7145–7146 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 4333 or 4273 — to — 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 4334 or 4274 |
| Coptic calendar | 1353–1354 |
| Discordian calendar | 2803 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1629–1630 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5397–5398 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1693–1694 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1558–1559 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4737–4738 |
| Holocene calendar | 11637 |
| Igbo calendar | 637–638 |
| Iranian calendar | 1015–1016 |
| Islamic calendar | 1046–1047 |
| Japanese calendar | Kan'ei 14 (寛永１４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1558–1559 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3970 |
| Minguo calendar | 275 before ROC 民前275年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 169 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2179–2180 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1763 or 1382 or 610 — to — 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1764 or 1383 or 611 |
February 18: Battle off Lizard Point
Events
- January – Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy Le Cid is first performed, in Paris, France.
- February 3 – Tulip mania collapses in the Dutch Republic.[1]
- February 15 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.[2]
- February 18 – Eighty Years' War – Battle off Lizard Point: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
- March 25 – The Blessed Virgin is proclaimed Queen of Genoa.[3]
- April 10 – Plymouth Colony grants the "tenn menn of Saugust" a new settlement on Cape Cod, later named Sandwich, Massachusetts.
- April 30 – King Charles I of England issues a proclamation, attempting to stem emigration to the North American colonies.[4]
- May 26 – Pequot War – Mystic massacre: A band of English settlers under Captain John Mason, and their Narragansett and Mohegan allies, set fire to a fortified village of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe near the Mystic River. Between 400 and 700 people, mostly women, children and old men, are killed.
- May – Chinese encyclopedist Song Yingxing publishes his Tiangong Kaiwu ("Exploitation of the Works of Nature"), considered one of the most valuable encyclopedias of classical China.
- June 27 – The first English venture to China is attempted by Captain John Weddell, who sails into port in Macau and Canton during the late Ming Dynasty, with six ships. The voyages are for trade, which is dominated here by the Portuguese (at this time combined with the power of Spain). He brings 38,421 pairs of eyeglasses, perhaps the first recorded European-made eyeglasses to enter China.[5]
- July 23 – After a court battle, King Charles I of England hands over title to the North American colony of Massachusetts to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, one of the founders of Plymouth Council for New England.
- September 29 – 42-year-old Lorenzo Ruiz dies. He was canonized in 1987.
- October 13 – English Royal Navy first-rate ship of the line HMS Sovereign of the Seas is launched at Woolwich Dockyard at a cost of £65,586, adorned from stern to bow with gilded carvings, after a design by Anthony van Dyck.
- December 17 – The Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan, when 30,000 peasants in the heavily Catholic area of northern Kyūshū revolt.
Date unknown
- Second Manchu invasion of Korea: The Joseon court reluctantly submits to the Manchu's demands of vassalhood, while continuing to pledge loyalty to the Chinese Ming Dynasty.
- Pierre de Fermat makes a notation, in a document margin, claiming to have proof of what will become known as Fermat's Last Theorem.
- René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in his Discourse on the Method, and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix La Géométrie (published in Leiden).[6]
- France places a few missionaries in the Ivory Coast, a country it will rule more than 200 years later.
- The first opera house, Teatro San Cassiano, opens in Venice.
- Scottish army officer Robert Monro publishes Monro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys in London, the first military history in English.[7]
- Elizabeth Poole becomes the first female founder of a town (Taunton, Massachusetts) in the Americas.
- Richard Norwood's book The Seaman's Practice is published for the first time.
Births
Jan Swammerdam
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Johan Vibe
Jacques Marquette
Francis Turner
January–March
- January 14 – Mattia de Rossi, Italian painter (d. 1695)
- January 18 – Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Spanish religious writer, Catholic prelate and bishop (d. 1699)
- February 10
- February 11 – Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (d. 1718)
- February 12 – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch biologist and microscopist (d. 1680)
- February 13 – Denis Granville, English priest (d. 1703)
- February 21 – William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (d. 1708)
- March 1 – Thomas Watson, Bishop of St. David's (d. 1717)
- March 2 – Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1709)
- March 5 – Jan van der Heyden, Dutch Baroque-era painter (d. 1712)
- March 14 – Fitz-John Winthrop, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (d. 1707)
- March 17 – Anne of England, daughter of King Charles I (d. 1640)
- March 30 – Samuel Pitiscus, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1727)
April–June
- April 6 – Sir William Whitmore, 2nd Baronet, English politician and baronet (d. 1699)
- April 16
- April 19 – Mateo Cerezo, Spanish artist (d. 1666)
- May 13 – Giacinto Cestoni, Italian naturalist (d. 1718)[8]
- May 22 – John Kyrle, British philanthropist (d. 1724)
- May 31 – Louis Laneau, French bishop active in the kingdom of Siam (d. 1696)
- June 1 – Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer (d. 1675)
- June 11 – Tamura Muneyoshi, Japanese daimyō of the Iwanuma Domain (d. 1678)
- June 21 – Asano Tsunaakira, Lord of Hiroshima Domain (d. 1673)
- June 22
- June 25 – Christophe Veyrier, French sculptor (d. 1689)
July–September
- July 24 – Nathaniel Fairfax, English divine and physician (d. 1690)
- August 16 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (d. 1706)
- August 19 – Roemer Vlacq, Dutch naval commander (d. 1703)
- August 20 – Cornelis van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck, first Dutch governor of Suriname (d. 1688)
- August 23 – Francis Turner, British bishop (d. 1700)
- August 27 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1715)
- September 1 – Nicolas Catinat, French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV (d. 1712)
- September 15 – James Brodie, Scottish politician (d. 1708)
- September 16 – Elisha Cooke, Sr., Massachusetts colonial politician and judge (d. 1715)
- September 26 – Sébastien Leclerc, French painter (d. 1714)
October–December
- October 3 – George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (d. 1720)[9]
- October 13 – Paul Fugger von Kirchberg und Weißenhorn, German politician (d. 1701)
- October 22 – Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (d. 1685)
- October 24 – Lorenzo Magalotti, Italian philosopher (d. 1712)
- October 27 – Al-Mahdi Muhammad, Yemeni imam (d. 1718)
- November 4 – Juan Francisco de la Cerda, 8th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish politician (d. 1691)
- November 23 – Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (d. 1702)
- November 25 – Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche, French nobleman (d. 1673)
- November 30 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French ecclesiastical historian (d. 1698)
- December 6 – Edmund Andros, English colonial administrator in North America (d. 1714)
- December 7
- December 10 – Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville (d. 1710)
- December 19 – Sir William Leman, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1701)
- December 24 – Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (d. 1713)
- December 27 – Petar Kanavelić, Venetian writer (d. 1719)
- December 30 – William Cave, English divine (d. 1713)
Deaths
- January 23 – Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby, Baroness Ellesmere and Viscountess Brackley (b. 1559)
- February 15 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1578)
- March 10 – Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1580)
- March 12
- March 19 – Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (b. 1570)
- April 3 – Joseph Yuspa Nördlinger Hahn, German rabbi
- April 4 – Fernando Afán de Ribera, duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, Spanish diplomat (b. 1583)
- April 30 – Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord (b. 1571)
- May 2 – Chamaraja Wodeyar VI, King of Mysore (b. 1603)
- May 5 – William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre, English peer and MP (b. 1575)
- May 19 – Isaac Beeckman, Dutch scientist and philosopher (b. 1588)
- May 29 – Jiří Třanovský, Czech priest and musician (b. 1592)
- June 6 – Pieter Huyssens, Flemish architect (b. 1577)
- June 24 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (b. 1580)
- July 1 – Christopher von Dohna, German politician and scholar (b. 1583)
- July 21 – Daniel Sennert, German physician, chemist (b. 1572)
- July 28 – Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, German bishop (b. 1563)
- August 6 – Ben Jonson, English writer (b. 1572)[11]
- August 17 – Johann Gerhard, German Lutheran leader (b. 1582)
- August 27 – Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of the Duke of Savoy (b. 1636)
- September 8 – Robert Fludd, English mystic (b. 1574)
- September 9 – Louise de Bourbon, French noble (b. 1603)
- September 14
- September 21 – William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1602)
- September 22 – Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (b. 1580)
- September 27 – Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint (b. c.1600)
- October 5 – Daniel Cramer, German theologian (b. 1568)
- October 7 – Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1587)
- October 16 – Johann Rudolf Stadler, Swiss clock-maker (b. 1605)[12]
- October 21 – Laurens Reael, Dutch admiral (b. 1583)
- October 27 – Robert Caesar, English politician (b. 1602)
- November 26
- December 4 – Nicholas Ferrar, English trader (b. 1592)
- December 19 – Christina of Lorraine, Tuscan regent (b. 1565)
- December 24 – Juan López de Agurto de la Mata, Spanish Catholic prelate (b. 1572)
- December 27 – Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker (b. 1564)
- December 31 – Christian, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1588–1637) (b. 1585)
References
- Leyster, Judith (1993). Judith Leyster : a Dutch master and her world. Zwolle Worcester, Massachusetts: Waanders Publishers Worcester Art Museum. p. 214. ISBN 9789066302709.
- LastName, FirstName (2006). Britannica concise encyclopedia. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 666. ISBN 9781593394929.
- Hatton, Ragnhild (1997). Royal and republican sovereignty in early modern Europe : essays in memory of Ragnhild Hatton. Cambridge England New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 294. ISBN 9780521419109.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 177–178. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China p. 57. ISBN 0520221540.
- Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- Monro, Robert (1999). Monro, his expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment called Mac-Keys. Westport, Conn: Praeger. p. xv. ISBN 9780275962678.
- Herman Goodman (1953). Notable Contributors to the Knowledge of Dermatology. Medical Lay Press. p. 110.
- Fryde, E. B. (1996). Handbook of British chronology. Cambridge England: New York Cambridge University Press. p. 498. ISBN 9780521563505.
- Greene, David (1985). Greene's biographical encyclopedia of composers. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. p. 150. ISBN 9780385142786.
- 1637 at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- Lassner, Martin (July 18, 2011). "Johann Rudolf Stadler". Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS) (in French). Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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