1600
1600 (MDC) was a century leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1600th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 600th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 16th century, and the 1st year of the 1600s decade. As of the start of 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1600 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1600 MDC |
| Ab urbe condita | 2353 |
| Armenian calendar | 1049 ԹՎ ՌԽԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6350 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1521–1522 |
| Bengali calendar | 1007 |
| Berber calendar | 2550 |
| English Regnal year | 42 Eliz. 1 – 43 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2144 |
| Burmese calendar | 962 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7108–7109 |
| Chinese calendar | 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4296 or 4236 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 4297 or 4237 |
| Coptic calendar | 1316–1317 |
| Discordian calendar | 2766 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1592–1593 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5360–5361 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1656–1657 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1521–1522 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4700–4701 |
| Holocene calendar | 11600 |
| Igbo calendar | 600–601 |
| Iranian calendar | 978–979 |
| Islamic calendar | 1008–1009 |
| Japanese calendar | Keichō 5 (慶長５年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1520–1521 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3933 |
| Minguo calendar | 312 before ROC 民前312年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 132 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2142–2143 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1726 or 1345 or 573 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 1727 or 1346 or 574 |
July 2: Battle of Nieuwpoort.
In the Gregorian calendar, it was the last century leap year until the year 2000.
Events
January–June
- January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1 as New Year's Day instead of March 25.
- January
- Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, renews the Nine Years' War (Ireland) against England with an invasion of Munster.[1]
- Sebald de Weert makes the first definite sighting of the Falkland Islands.
- February 17 – On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy in Rome, Giordano Bruno has his tongue "imprisoned" after he refuses to stop talking.[2]
- February 19 – Huaynaputina volcano in Peru undergoes a catastrophic eruption, the worst to be recorded in South America.
- March 20 – Linköping Bloodbath: Five Swedish nobles are publicly executed by decapitation and Polish–Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is de facto deposed as ruler of Sweden.
- April 19 – The first Dutch ship ever to arrive in Japan, the Liefde ("Love"), anchors in Sashifu, in the Bungo Province (modern-day Usuki in Ōita Prefecture). The sailors present on this ship are William Adams, Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn, Jacob Quaeckernaeck and Melchior van Santvoort.
- May 27 – Michael the Brave becomes ruler of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia, formally uniting the three Danubian Principalities under one Romanian ruler.
July–December
- July 2 – Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence) – Battle of Nieuwpoort: The Dutch Republic gains a tactical victory over the Spanish Empire.[3]
- August 5 – The brothers Alexander Ruthven and John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, are killed during a failed attempt to kidnap or murder King James VI of Scotland at their home.
- Autumn
- Thessaly rebellion: Greeks in Thessaly, incited by Bishop Dionysios Skylosophos, attempt to rebel against the Ottoman Empire.
- A Persian embassy arrives in Prague and meets with Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- October 6 – Première of Jacopo Peri's Euridice, the earliest known fully surviving work of modern opera, produced by Emilio de' Cavalieri for the wedding of Henry IV of France and Maria de' Medici in Florence.[4]
- October 21 – Battle of Sekigahara in Japan: Tokugawa Ieyasu gains nominal control over the whole country.
- December 31 – The East India Company is granted a Royal Charter in the Kingdom of England for trade with Asia.
Date unknown
- Approximate date – The Lutheran orthodox campaign intensifies, to reinforce the Book of Concord.
- Caister Castle in England falls into ruin.
- Sumo wrestling becomes a professional sport in Japan.
- William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 2, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing are published in London.[1]
- William Gilbert publishes De Magnete, one of the first significant scientific books published in England, describing the Earth's magnetic field, and the beginning of modern geomagnetism.
- Fabritio Caroso's dance manual Nobiltà de dame is published.
Births
John Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
January–March
- January 1 – Friedrich Spanheim, Calvinistic theology professor at the University of Leiden (d. 1649)
- January 17 – Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish playwright (d. 1681)[5]
- January 22 – Elisabet Juliana Banér, Swedish noble (d. 1640)
- January 23 – Alexander Keirincx, Flemish painter (d. 1652)
- January 28 – Pope Clement IX (d. 1669)[6]
- February – Edmund Calamy the Elder, English Presbyterian (d. 1666)
- February 1 – Johan Evertsen, Dutch admiral (d. 1666)
- February 2 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (d. 1653)
- February 6 – Matthew Brend, English landowner (d. 1659)
- February 9 – Jean-Joseph Surin, French Jesuit writer (d. 1665)
- February 24 – Manuel António of Portugal, Dutch-Portuguese nobleman (d. 1666)
- February 26 – Matsudaira Norinaga, Japanese daimyō (d. 1654)
- March 3
- March 19 – Anders Bille, Danish general (d. 1657)
- March 26 – Matthew Marvin, Sr., Connecticut settler (d. 1678)
April–June
- April 11 – Jacques Buteux, French missionary (d. 1652)
- April 13 – Duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxe-Altenburg, colonel in the Saxon Army (d. 1632)
- April 22 – Alessandro dal Borro, Austrian field marshal (d. 1656)
- May 25 – Thomas Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Haddington, Scottish noble (d. 1640)
- May 31 – Empress Xiaoduanwen of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1649)
- June 26
- June 29 – Maria Maddalena de' Medici, Italian princess (d. 1633)
July–September
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Eleonore Marie of Anhalt-Bernburg
- July 1 – George Gobat, French theologian (d. 1679)
- July 15 – Jan Cossiers, Flemish painter (d. 1671)
- July 20 – Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet, Sheriff of Shropshire (d. 1659)
- July 22
- August 7 – Eleonore Marie of Anhalt-Bernburg, Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (d. 1657)
- August 16 – Maria Celeste, Italian nun, daughter of Galileo Galilei (d. 1634)
- August 24 – Antoine de Laloubère, French Jesuit mathematician (d. 1664)
- August 29 – John Stawell, English Member of Parliament and governor of Taunton (d. 1662)
- September 5 – Loreto Vittori, Italian singer and composer (d. 1670)
- September 19
- September 29 – Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1645)
- September 30 – Francis Bacon, English politician and Ipswich MP (d. 1663)
October–December
- October 1 – Dirk Graswinckel, Dutch jurist (d. 1666)
- October 2 – Petronio Veroni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Boiano (1652–1653) (d. 1653)
- October 4 – Giovanni Paolo Oliva, Italian Jesuit (d. 1681)
- November – John Ogilby, English writer and cartographer (d. 1676)
- November 15 – Aniello Falcone, Italian Baroque painter (d. 1665)
- November 19
- December 12 – Denis of the Nativity, French sailor and cartographer (d. 1638)
- December 14 – Anna Magdalene of Hanau, German countess (d. 1673)
- December 15 – Selius Marselis, Dutch/Norwegian tradesman (d. 1663)
- December 20 – Nicolas Sanson, French cartographer (d. 1667)
- December – Marie de Rohan, French courtier and political activist (d. 1679)
Date unknown
Probable
- Martine Bertereau, French mineralogist
- Jonas Bronck, Swedish colonist in America (d. 1643)
- Dud Dudley, first Englishman to smelt iron ore with coke (d. 1684)
- Piaras Feiritéar, Irish language poet (d. 1653)
- Samuel Hartlib, British scholar (d. 1662)
- Claude Lorrain, French Baroque painter, draughtsman and engraver (d. 1682)
- Samuel Rutherford, Scottish theologian and controversialist (d. 1660)
Deaths
Sebastian de Aparicio
Shima Sakon
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Richard Hooker
Margrave Andrew of Burgau
January–March
- January 9 – John Spencer, English landowner and politician (b. 1549)
- January 21 – Jerzy Radziwiłł, Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic) from the Radziwiłł family (b. 1556)
- February 9 – John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania, Protestant Bishop of Cammin (1567–1574) and ruling Duke of Pomerania (1569–1600) (b. 1542)
- February 15 – José de Acosta, Spanish Jesuit missionary and naturalist (b. 1540)
- February 17 – Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher (burned at the stake) (b. 1548)[9]
- February 25 – Sebastian de Aparicio, Spanish colonial industrialist, Roman Catholic priest and blessed in Mexico (b. 1502)
- February 29 – Caspar Hennenberger, German historian and cartographe (b. 1529)
- March 6 – Johann Major, German poet and theologian (b. 1533)
- March 20 – Gustaf Banér, Swedish noble (b. 1547)
- April 1 – Esperanza Malchi, Ottoman businessperson
- April – Thomas Deloney, English writer (b. 1543)
April–June
- May 17 – Thomas Leighton, English politician (b. 1554)
- May 18
- May 19 – Abe Masakatsu, Japanese nobleman (b. 1541)
- June 3 – Juan Grande Román, Spanish Catholic saint (b. 1546)
- June 8 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (b. 1565)
- June 25 – David Chytraeus, German historian and theologian (b. 1530)[10]
- June 19 – Christopher Layer, English politician (b. 1531)
July–September
- July 5 – Jean Kincaid, Scottish murderer (b. 1579)
- July 7 – Thomas Lucy, English politician (b. 1532)
- July 20 – William More, English courtier (b. 1520)
- July 27 – John Glanville, English politician (b. 1542)
- August 5
- August 18 – Sebastiano Montelupi, Italian businessman (b. 1516)
- August 22 – Nicasius de Sille, Dutch diplomat (b. 1543)
- August 25 – Hosokawa Gracia, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1563)
- August 27 – Mizuno Tadashige, Japanese nobleman (b. 1541)
- September 1 – Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician and astronomer (b. 1525)
- September 25 – Antoine du Verdier, French politician (b. 1544)[12]
- September 26 – Claude Le Jeune, French composer (b. 1530)[13]
October–December
- October 12 – Luis de Molina, Spanish Jesuit priest and philosopher (b. 1535)[14]
- October 16 – Nicolaus Reimers, German astronomer (b. 1551)
- October 17 – Cornelis de Jode, Flemish cartographer, engraver and publisher (b. 1568)
- October 21
- November 3 – Richard Hooker, English Anglican theologian (b. 1554)
- November 6
- November 8 – Natsuka Masaie, Japanese warlord (b. 1562)
- November 12 – Margrave Andrew of Burgau, German nobleman, Cardinal, Bishop of Constance and Brixen (b. 1558)
- November 15 – Sigmund Fugger von Kirchberg und Weißenhorn, bishop of Regensburg (b. 1542)
- November 17 – Kuki Yoshitaka, Japanese naval commander (b. 1542)
- November 25 – Juan Téllez-Girón, 2nd Duke of Osuna, Spanish duke (b. 1559)
- November 30 – Nanda Bayin, King of Burma (b. 1535)
- December 3 – Roger North, 2nd Baron North, English politician (b. 1530)
- December 16 – Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1569–1600) (b. 1560)
- December 5- Francesco II dead (1560)
References
- Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization. Volume II: Since 1500 (5th ed.). p. 401.
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 238–243. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- Hilary Gatti (2002). Giordano Bruno: Philosopher of the Renaissance. Ashgate. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7546-0562-1.
- "Historical Events for Year 1600 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- John Glenn Paton (1994). Italian Arias of the Baroque and Classical Eras: High. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7390-2191-0.
- Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1986). Love is No Laughing Matter. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-85668-365-7.
- The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Baker Book House. 1977. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8010-7947-4.
- "Grenville, Sir Richard (1600–1659), of Fitzford, nr. Tavistock, Devon". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
- David Mathew (1955). Scotland Under Charles I. Eyre & Spottiswoode. p. 26. ISBN 978-7-470-00028-0.
- Hans Blumenberg (1985). The Legitimacy of the Modern Age. MIT Press. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-262-52105-5.
- Virginia Brown; James Hankins; Robert A. Kaster (May 2003). Catalogus Translationum Et Commentariorum: Medieval and Renaissance Latin Translations and Commentaries : Annotated Lists and Guides. CUA Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-8132-1300-2.
- William Oxenham Hewlett (1882). Notes on Dignities in the Peerage of Scotland which are Dormant Or which Have Been Forfeited. Wildy and Sons. p. 135.
- Alexander Chalmers (1816). The General Biographical Dictionary Containing an Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons. J. Nichols. p. 292.
- Encyclopedia of World Biography: Kilpatrick-Louis. Gale Research. 1998. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-7876-2549-8.
- Diego Alonso-Lasheras SJ (April 11, 2011). Luis de Molina's De Iustitia et Iure: Justice as Virtue in an Economic Context. BRILL. p. 14. ISBN 978-90-04-20966-4.
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