串

串 U+4E32, 串
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E32
← 丱
[U+4E31] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丳 →
[U+4E33]
串 U+F905, 串
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F905
← 滑
[U+F904] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 句 →
[U+F906]

Translingual

Han character

串 (radical 2, 丨+6, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中中 (LL), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻吕丨 or ⿻中口)

Derived characters
  • 患, 𠁷, 𠁸, 𠁺, 𠁻, 𠳡, 𢈢, 𫡌, 𫡍, 𫡎

References
  • KangXi: page 80, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 80
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 30, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E32

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 串

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 串
Shang Warring States Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b00680

b00681

b00682

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – objects strung together.

Etymology

Cognate with 穿 (OC *kʰljon, *kʰljons, “to pierce through; to wear”), 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to penetrate”).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • chhǹg - vernacular;
  • chhoàn - literary.
Note:
  • cuang3 - Shantou;
  • cuêng3 - Chaozhou.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 串
Reading # 2/2
No. 1647
Phonetic
component		 串
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 釧
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰjons/

Definitions

串

  1. to string together; to link up
  2. string; chain; series
  3. skewer
  4. Classifier for strung, bunched or clustered objects.
    一串珠子  ―  yī chuàn zhūzǐ  ―  a string of beads
    一串鞭炮  ―  yī chuàn biānpào  ―  a string of firecrackers
    一串葡萄  ―  yī chuàn pútáo  ―  a bunch of grapes
  5. to gang up on; to conspire; to collaborate
  6. to cross; to criss-cross; to traverse to; to mix (undesirably)
  7. to pay a visit to; to visit; to move about
  8. to play (a role); to act
  9. (Cantonese) to spell (a word in Roman letters)
  10. (Cantonese, slang, may be derived from 串聯 during the Cultural Revolution) cocksure; arrogant; cocky
  11. (Cantonese, slang) sarcastic

Compounds
Derived terms from 串

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 串
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古患切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠuanH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /kuanH/
Wang
Li		 /kwanH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwanH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 串
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwænH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁro[n]-s/
English custom

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 串
Reading # 1/2
No. 1646
Phonetic
component		 串
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 慣
Old
Chinese		 /*kroːns/

Definitions

串

  1. † to get close to; to fawn on; to be obsequious to; to curry favour with
  2. † people on intimate terms
  3. † habit; custom
  4. † to joke; to banter

Compounds
Derived terms from 串

Japanese

Kanji
串

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. spit, skewer

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
串
くし
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Appears in the Nihon Shoki, finished CE 720.

Pronunciation

Noun

串 (hiragana くし, rōmaji kushi)

  1. a skewer, a spit
  2. a candle's wick
  3. a tamagushi: a branch of a sakaki tree used as a Shintō offering
    12th century, Konjaku Monogatarishū (book 24, story 51)
    其 (そ)の御幣 (ごへい)の串 (くし)に書付 (かきつけ)て...
    sono gohei no kushi ni kakitsukete
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  4. (slang, computing) a proxy server
    中国 (ちゅうごく)串 (くし)
    Chūgoku kushi
    Chinese proxy

Synonyms
  • (skewer): 串刺 (くしざし) (kushizashi), 焼串 (やきぎし), 焼 (や)き串 (ぐし) (yakigushi)
  • (candle's wick): 芯 (しん) (shin)
  • (proxy): プロクシ (purokushi), プロクシサーバー (purokushi sābā), 串鯖 (くしさば) (kushisaba)

Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

串 (hiragana くし, rōmaji Kushi)

  1. A surname​.

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Eumhun 1

Eumhun 2
  • Sound: 관 (gwan)
  • Meaning: 꿸 (kkwel)
    1. to string together; to link up
    2. to get close to; to fawn on; to be obsequious to; to curry favour with

Eumhun 3
  • Sound: 천 (cheon)
  • Meaning: 꿰미 (kkwemi)
    1. string; chain; series

Eumhun 4

References

Vietnamese

Han character

串 (xuyến, quán, xiên, xuyên)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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