劍
See also: 剑
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Translingual
Traditional | 劍 |
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Shinjitai | 剣 |
Simplified | 剑 |
Han character
劍 (radical 18, 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人人中弓 (OOLN), four-corner 82800, composition ⿰僉刂)
Derived characters
- 𠐘, 𡃍, 𤑯, 𤢾, 𧁴, 𣋽
Descendants
- 剣 (In Japanese shinjitai)
- 剑 (In simplified Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 144, character 45
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2228
- Dae Jaweon: page 326, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 358, character 10
- Unihan data for U+528D
Chinese
trad. | 劍 | |
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simp. | 剑 | |
variant forms | 劒 劔 鐱 釼 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 劍 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
歛 | *qʰlaːm |
臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
匳 | *ɡ·ram |
獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
籢 | *ɡ·ram |
斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
殮 | *ɡ·rams |
簽 | *skʰlam |
僉 | *skʰlam |
憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
檢 | *kramʔ |
瞼 | *kramʔ |
儉 | *ɡramʔ |
顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
驗 | *ŋrams |
險 | *qʰramʔ |
劒 | *kams |
劍 | *kams |
𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 刂.
Etymology
Schuessler (2007) proposes a possible native origin, from *k-nominalized adjective 剡 (OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) and lost its *r- initial due to folk etymology; doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-.
Alternatively, the double-edged sword seemingly originated from the southern state of Wu (吳); so a native Wu term, of unknown linguistic affiliation, might have yielded both Old Chinese 劍 (OC *kams) and Proto-Vietic *t-kɨəm.
Pronunciation
Compounds
Derived terms from 劍
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Japanese
剣 | |
劍 |
Kanji
劍
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剣)
- Kyūjitai form of 剣: double-edged sword; swordsmanship
Korean
Compounds
- 劍客 (검객, geomgaek) swordsman
- 劍工 (검공, geomgong) sword smith
- 劍劇 (검극, geomgeuk) sword play
- 劍戟 (검극, geomgeuk) swords and spears
- 劍難 (검난, geomnan) tragedy caused by the sword
- 劍道 (검도, geomdo) swordsmanship
- 劍舞 (검무, geommu) sword dance
- 劍法 (검법, geombeop) swordsmanship
- 劍士 (검사, geomsa) swordsman
- 劍術 (검술, geomsul) swordsmanship
- 劍匠 (검장, geomjang) sword smith
- 劍豪 (검호, geomho) swordsman par excellence
Vietnamese
Compounds
- 劍術 (kiếm thuật)
Usage notes
- Chữ Nôm. The modern Vietnamese word for sword is kiếm.
References
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