昨日
Chinese
Pronunciation 1
| yesterday | day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (昨日) |
昨 | 日 | |
| anagram | 日昨 | ||
Synonyms
Pronunciation 2
| yesterday | day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (昨日) |
昨 | 日 | |
| variant forms | 佐日 | ||
| anagram | 日昨 | ||
Noun
昨日
Synonyms
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 |
| Irregular | |
/ki no pu/ → /kinoɸu/ → */kinowu/ → /kinou/ → /kinoː/
From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The middle no appears to be the regular genitive particle の (no). The final pu is an apophonic form of 日 (hi, “day”).[1]
The kanji are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 昨日.
Pronunciation
Noun
昨日 (hiragana きのう, rōmaji kinō, historical hiragana きのふ)
- yesterday
- 昨日、東京は曇りでしたか。
- Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.
- Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?
- 昨日、東京は曇りでしたか。
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| さく Grade: 4 |
じつ Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi | |
From Middle Chinese compound 昨日 (dzak nyit, literally “yesterday + day ”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zok6 jat6.
Pronunciation
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 |
| Irregular | |
From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年 (kozo).[1]
This may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.[1][3]
Coordinate terms
- 一昨々日 (sakiototoi): three days ago
- 一昨日 (ototoi): the day before yesterday, two days ago
- 今日 (kyō): today
- 明日 (ashita): tomorrow
- 明後日 (asatte): the day after tomorrow, two days from now
- 明々後日 (shiasatte): three days from now
- 弥の明後日 (yanoasatte): three days from now; (dialectal) four days from now
- 今朝 (kesa): this morning
- 今晩 (konban): this evening
- 今夜 (kon'ya): tonight
| 時 (“Time”) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~ | -2 | -1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | Continual | |
| Day | 日 | 一昨日 | 昨日 | 今日 | 明日 | 明後日 | 毎日 |
| Morning | 朝 | 一昨朝 | 昨朝 | 今朝 | 明朝 | — | 毎朝 |
| Night | 晩 | 一昨晩 | 昨晩 | 今晩 | 明晩 | — | 毎晩 |
| Week | 週 | 先々週 | 先週 | 今週 | 来週 | 再来週 | 毎週 |
| Month | 月 | 先々月 | 先月 | 今月 | 来月 | 再来月 | 毎月 |
| Year | 年 | 一昨年 | 去年 | 今年 | 来年 | 再来年 | 毎年 |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN