U+9AA8, 骨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AA8

[U+9AA7]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9AA9]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean
Stroke order
(Mainland China)
Stroke order
(Taiwan)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Alternative forms

  • In traditional Chinese (Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau), Japanese kanji and Korean hanja, the inner component on the top of the character is positioned to the right () (), which is the orthodox form found in the historical Kangxi dictionary.
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing standardized form 新字形) and Vietnamese Nôm, the inner component on the top of the character is positioned to the left () ().
  • In mainland China, Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the bottom component is written in the form of (similar to but the leftmost stroke is vertical and not curved 丿), which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In traditional Chinese used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (based on Big5 standard), the bottom component is written in the form of (meat radical, similar to where the leftmost stroke is curved 丿 but the two horizontal strokes enclosed within are written are written instead).
  • Due to Han unification, this character will appear to be different depending on the fonts available:
    • Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau: ; Mainland China: ; Japan and Korea: .

Han character

(radical 188, 骨+0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 月月月 (BBB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿳◱(GV) or ⿳◲(HT) or ⿳◲(JK))

  1. Kangxi radical #188, .

Derived characters

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 1447, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45098
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1973, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4406, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9AA8

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰuːl, *kʰuːlʔ, *kʰuːd
*ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd
*ɡruːd
*ɡruːd
*ɡruːd
*ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd
*qruːd
*kuːd
*kuːd
*kuːd
*kuːd
*kuːd, *ɡuːd
*kuːd
*ɡuːd
*ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (skull) +  (body).

Etymology

“bone”, etc.
Usually related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m/g-rus (bone), whence Tibetan རུས (rus), Sichuan Yi (vup ddu), S'gaw Karen တၢ်ဃံ (ta̱chi), but there is no trace of a medial *r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).
“15 minutes”
From English quarter.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gǔ - usual pronunciation;
  • gū - used in some colloquial words, such as 骨朵兒 (“unbloomed flower”) and 骨碌 (“to roll”);
  • gú - used in some colloquial words, such as 骨頭 (“bone”).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ku²¹⁴/
/ku³⁵/
Harbin /ku²¹³/
Tianjin /ku¹³/ ~折
/ku²¹/ ~頭
Jinan /ku²¹³/
Qingdao /ku⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ku²⁴/
Xi'an /ku²¹/
Xining /kv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ku¹³/
Lanzhou /ku¹³/
Ürümqi /ku²¹³/
Wuhan /ku²¹³/
Chengdu /ku³¹/
Guiyang /ku²¹/
Kunming /ku³¹/
Nanjing /kuʔ⁵/
Hefei /kuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kuəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kuəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kuoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ky²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ku⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ku²⁴/
Xiangtan /ku²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kuɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kut̚¹/
Taoyuan /kut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɛɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kut/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ko²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kuk̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kut̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuət̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuot̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwət̚/
Li
Rong
/kuət̚/
Wang
Li
/kuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gu
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kwot ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁut/
English bone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4321
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kuːd/
Notes

Definitions

  1. (anatomy) bone
  2. skeleton; frame; framework
  3. moral character
  4. (Cantonese) 15 minutes
  5. A surname.

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. skeleton
  2. bone

Readings

Compounds

References

  • New Nelson: 6784
  • Halpern: 2654
  • Halpern Learners: 1699
  • Heisig: 1288
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 4b6.14
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Etymology 1

(hone): a bone.
Kanji in this term
ほね
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/pone//ɸone//hone/

From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with Korean (ppyeo, “bone”).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ほね, rōmaji hone)

  1. bone

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
かわら
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/kapara//kaɸara//kawara/

Probably from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, cup, bowl, skull). Cognate with (kawara, tile, particularly for roofing or flooring).[2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana かわら, rōmaji kawara, historical hiragana かはら)

  1. (archaic, rare) a bone, particularly a covering bone such as a skull or kneecap

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
こつ
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (kwot, bone).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana こつ, rōmaji kotsu)

  1. remains, ashes
  2. knack, trick
    ネイルコツ
    neiru no kotsu
    tricks and tips for doing one's nails
Alternative forms
  • (knack, trick): コツ (kotsu)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (ppyeo gol))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

Noun

(hiragana ふに, romaji funi)

  1. bone
  2. frame (of a sliding paper door, etc)
  3. stem, stalk

Noun

(hiragana くち, romaji kuchi, hiragana くし, romaji kushi)

  1. remains, ashes

Vietnamese

Han character

(cốt, cọt, cút, gút)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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