-an

From Latin -ānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

-an

1. Of or pertaining to; an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. (Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in a, -n is used instead.)

   ‎Rome + ‎-an → ‎Roman

   Synonyms: -al, -ar, -ese, -esque, -ic, -id, -ish, -like, -oid, -ous, -y

2. Appended to nouns to form an agent noun. (When males with a profession are distinguished from females, males are -an, females -(i)enne.)

   ‎comedy + ‎-an → ‎comedian

   ‎history + ‎-an → ‎historian

• -ian
• -n (when added to a word ending in a)

• N.A., N/A, NA, n.a., n/a, na

-an

1. (added to possessive nouns) his, hers, its

From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely -an, -ōn, -en (-ien), and -nen, from Proto-Germanic *-aną, *-ōną, *-janą, *-āną, and *-naną. Cognate with German -en.

-an

1. A suffix of all verbs in their infinitive form.

-an m

1. Forms nouns, including inhabitant names.

• -an in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

-an

1. Obsolete form of -am.

• -a
• -n

-an

1. (personal) Forms the impersonal indicative present forms of verbs that include back vowels (a, o or u or i or e with a, o or u — compare -än), appended to the infinitive.

   • No changes in verbs that end in one a.

   ‎juosta + ‎-an → ‎juostaan

   • Verbs ending in -oa the beginning stem is followed by -ta- and then by this.

   sanoa, stem sano- + -ta- + -an -> sanotaan

   • Verbs ending in -aa or -ea the beginning stem is followed by -eta- and then by this.

   laittaa, stem lait- + -eta- + -an -> laitetaan

   paistaa, stem paist- + -eta- + -an -> paistetaan

   laskea, stem lask- + -eta- + -an -> lasketaan

2. (case suffix) A suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

   laiva boat (word includes back vowels, a — cf. -än) -> + -an = laivaan (on)to a/the boat; (in)to a/the boat

3. (possessive) A variant for the third-person suffix -nsa, see the usage notes below.

• (third-person possessive suffix variant): When the third-person suffix -nsa is appended to non-nominative noun forms that end in a single -a (those that are in singular and plural inessive, elative, adessive, ablative, essive and abessive and plural partitive and singular partitive ending with -ta), the S and A are very often omitted from the suffix and the last A of the case suffix preceding the remaining N is doubled — resulting in this -an. In standard Finnish, both the "full" form and the shortened form are acceptable (cf. -nsä). This same omission takes very often place also in the nominal verb forms used in shortened sentences (see the meanings of -nsa) and in the adverbs requiring this suffix:

• -na

• IPA^(key): [ɒn]

-an

1. (adverbial suffix) Added to an adjective or numeral to create an adverb.

   ‎pontos (“accurate”) + ‎-an → ‎pontosan (“accurately”)

   hat (“six”) → Hatan mentünk moziba. - Six of us went to the cinema.

   nyolc (“eight”) →

   Nyolcan vannak a szobában. ― There are eight people in the room.

2. (verb suffix) Added to a stem - often an onomatopoeias - to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action.

   kattan (“to click, to make one clicking sound”)

   robban (“to explode”)

• (adverbial suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -an is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (verb suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -an is added to back vowel words

  -en is added to front vowel words

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

From Malay -an, from Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

-an

1. Suffix for collectivity
2. Suffix for similarity
3. Suffix for object
4. Suffix for place
5. Suffix for instrument

   ‎bangun (“to wake up, to get up”) + ‎-an → ‎bangunan (“building”)

From Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

• IPA^(key): /an/
• Rhymes: -an

-an (Jawi spelling -ان)

1. Suffix for collectivity
2. Suffix for similarity
3. Suffix for object
4. Suffix for place
5. Suffix for instrument

   ‎bangun (“to wake up, to get up”) + ‎-an → ‎bangunan (“building”)

From Proto-Germanic *-aną

-an

1. (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of most verbs (exceptions are verbs like flēon (“to flee”))

   singan (“to sing”)

   niman (“to take”)

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *-ōniz.

-an

1. (deverbative suffix) Used to derive nouns from class 2 weak verbs.

   ‎friða (“to pacify”) + ‎-an → ‎friðan (“pacifying”)

   ‎sanna (“to assert, prove”) + ‎-an → ‎sannan (“assertion, confirmation”)

   ‎synja (“to deny”) + ‎-an → ‎synjan (“denial”)

From Proto-Germanic *-aną

-an

1. (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of strong verbs (exceptions are a few verbs ending in -ian like biddian or liggian)

   drinkan (“to drink”)

   hwerƀan (“to travel”)

• IPA^(key): /an/

-an m or n (feminine singular -ană, masculine plural -ani, feminine and neuter plural -ane)

1. Added to nouns and adjectives as an augmentative suffix.

   ‎gras (“fat”) + ‎-an → ‎grăsan (“fatso”)

2. Forms adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country; -an

   ‎Australia (“Australia”) + ‎-an → ‎australian (“Australian”)

3. Forms names of male animals.

   ‎gâscă (“goose”) + ‎-an → ‎gâscan (“gander”)

From Old Irish -án, from Primitive Irish -ᚐᚌᚅᚔ (-agni).

• IPA^(key): /an/

The non-schwa clear vowel /a/ distinguishes this from the homograph plural suffix -an which is pronounced /ən/ i.e. with a schwa.

-an m

1. A masculine suffix used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something, often used for male given names.

   Cailean, Eòghan, Ailean, Beathan

   clàran, clachan, bioran

Cognate to Irish -anna, Manx -yn.

• IPA^(key): /ən/

-an pl

1. Used to form regular plurals of nouns.

   ‎clach (“stone”) + ‎-an → ‎clachan

   ‎damh (“ox, stag”) + ‎-an → ‎damhan

   ‎leannan (“lover, sweetheart”) + ‎-an → ‎leannanan

-an (Cyrillic spelling -ан)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a (often negative) feature or endearment.

From Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

-an (Cyrillic spelling -ан)

1. Suffix appended to words to create an adjective.

   • ‎jad(iti) + ‎-an → ‎jadan (“miserable”)

• -ašan
• -ešan

From Latin -ant, the third-person plural present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

-an

1. Suffix indicating the third-person plural (also used with ustedes) present indicative of -ar verbs.

From Latin -eant, Latin -ant, and Latin -iant, the third-person plural present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

-an

1. Suffix indicating the third-person plural (also used with ustedes) present subjunctive of -er and -ir verbs.
2. Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperative of -er and -ir verbs.

• -en

-an

1. making a noun from a verb, similar to -ing and -ning, having -ningar as the plural, e.g. ‎predika (“to preach”) + ‎-an → ‎predikan (“a sermon”)
2. -an; making a noun, describing a person by belief or nationality, e.g. ‎Tibet + ‎-an → ‎tibetan, lutheran, vegetarian

-an

1. object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing

   Buksan mo ang pinto. ― (You) open the door

   (door is focused).)

2. object trigger: to cause something to become; to make

   Binagalan ni Sue ang kotse. ― Sue slowed down the car.

   (The car is focused.)

3. directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of

   Tinitingnan ko ang manwal. ― I'm looking at the manual.

   (The manual is focused).)

4. benefactive trigger: to do something for

   Titirhan ko si Roy ng keyk. ― I'll leave some cake for Roy.

   (Roy is focused).)

5. object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

   Winawalis-walisan; ko ang sahig. ― I'm sweeping the floor a bit.

   (The floor is focused).)

6. directional trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

   Tinutulung-tulungan ni Jessy si Patty. ― Jessy helped Patty a bit.

   (Patty is focused).)

7. object trigger: to perform the action of the verb on something

   Huwag mong sulatan ang dokumento. ― Don't write anything on the document.

-an

1. a place where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found

   ‎aklat (“book”) + ‎-an → ‎aklatan (“library”)

   ‎basura (“trash”) + ‎-an → ‎basurahan (“trash can”)

2. a place where the action expressed by the root is performed

   ‎kain (“eat”) + ‎-an → ‎kainan (“place where people eat e.g. restaurant, café,...”)

3. a period in which the action expressed by the root is collectively performed

   ‎ani (“harvest”) + ‎-an → ‎anihan (“harvest time”)

   ‎pasok (“entry, class, work”) + ‎-an → ‎pasukan (“school time, school year”)

4. a tool or an object that is used to measure what is meant by the root

   ‎oras (“time”) + ‎-an → ‎orasan (“clock, watch”)

   ‎timbang (“weight”) + ‎-an → ‎timbangan (“weighing scale”)

5. reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root

   ‎sayaw (“dance”) + ‎-an → ‎sayawan (“dancing together”)

   ‎kanta (“sing”) + ‎-an → ‎kantahan (“singing together”)

6. (used with reduplication of root word) Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something

   ‎bahay (“house”) + ‎-an → ‎bahay-bahayan (“toy house”)

   ‎Diyos (“God”) + ‎-an → ‎diyos-diyosan (“false god”)

   ‎baril (“gun”) + ‎-an → ‎baril-barilan (“toy gun”)

• Normally, /h/ is inserted before -an when the root word end with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.

  ‎ganti + ‎-an → ‎gantihan

  ‎talo + ‎-an → ‎talunan

• Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.

  ‎sunod + ‎-an → ‎sundan

  ‎takip + ‎-an → ‎takpan

-an

1. Used to indicate someone who is or does something