prendre
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan prendre, from Latin prendere, alternative form of prehendere, present active infinitive of prehendō, from prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-.
Pronunciation
Conjugation
infinitive | prendre | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | prenent | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | pres | presa | |||||
plural | presos | preses | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | prenc | prens | pren | prenem | preneu | prenen | |
imperfect | prenia | prenies | prenia | preníem | preníeu | prenien | |
future | prendré | prendràs | prendrà | prendrem | prendreu | prendran | |
preterite | prenguí | prengueres | prengué | prenguérem | prenguéreu | prengueren | |
conditional | prendria | prendries | prendria | prendríem | prendríeu | prendrien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | prengui | prenguis | prengui | prenguem | prengueu | prenguin | |
imperfect | prengués | prenguessis | prengués | prenguéssim | prenguéssiu | prenguessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | pren | prengui | prenguem | preneu | prenguin |
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “prendre” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “prendre” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “prendre” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “prendre” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
From Latin prendere, variant of prehendere (“to seize”), present active infinitive of prehendō.
Conjugation
infinitive | prendre | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | pregnent | ||||||
auxiliary | avêr | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | prês | prêsa (also prêssa) | |||||
plural | prês | prêses (also prêsses) | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je (j') | te (t') | il/el | nos | vos | ils/els | |
present | prégno | prends | prend | pregnens | prendes pregnéds |
prégnont | |
imperfect | pregnévo | pregnéves | pregnéve | pregnévans | pregnévâds | pregnévant | |
imperfect (-ê-) | pregnê | pregnês | pregnêt | pregnians | pregniâds | pregniant | |
preterite | pré | prés | prét | prérens | prétes | préront | |
future | prendré | prendrés | prendrat | prendrens | prendréds | prendront | |
conditional | prendrê | prendrês | prendrêt | prendrans | prendrâds | prendrant | |
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il/el | que nos | que vos | qu'ils/els | |
present | prégno | prégnes | prégne | pregnens | pregnéds | prégnont | |
imperfect | pregnésso | pregnésses | pregnésse | pregnéssens | pregnésséds | pregnéssont | |
imperative | — | te | — | nos | vos | — | |
prend | pregnens | prendes pregnéds |
French
Etymology
From Middle French prendre, from Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prendere, alternative form of prehendere (“to seize”), present active infinitive of prehendō, from prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; confer English apprehend.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʁɑ̃dʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
prendre
- to take
- prends ma main.
- take my hand.
- to eat; to drink
- elle prend un café
- she is drinking a coffee
- to get; to buy
- to rob; to deprive
- (of fire) to break out
- prendre feu
- to catch fire
- (reflexive) to get (something) caught (in), to jam
- je me suis pris la main dans la porte
- I caught my hand in the door
- (in various idiomatic expressions, followed by a partitive) to gain
- prendre de la vitesse ― to gain speed
- prendre du galon ― to gain a promotion
- prendre de l'avance ― to gain ground
- prendre de la hauteur ― to gain some perspective
- prendre du recul ― to take a step back
- prendre du poids ― to gain weight
- prendre de la bouteille ― to gain experience
- prendre de la brioche, prendre du bide, prendre du ventre ― to get a paunch
- en prendre de la graine ― to take away a lesson
- to make
- prendre une décision ― to make a decision
- prendre des mesures draconiennes ― to take draconian measures
Conjugation
This verb is quite irregular, with the following patterns:
- In the infinitive, in the singular forms of the present indicative, and in the future and the conditional, it is conjugated like rendre, perdre, etc. (sometimes called the regular -re verbs).
- In the plural forms of the present indicative and imperative, in the imperfect indicative, in the present subjunctive, and in the present participle, it is conjugated like appeler or jeter, using the stem prenn- before mute ‘e’ and the stem pren- elsewhere.
- In the past participle, and in the past historic and the imperfect subjunctive, its conjugation resembles that of mettre.
present participle | prenant /pʁə.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | pris /pʁi/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | prendre | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | prenant /pʁə.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | prends /pʁɑ̃/ |
prends /pʁɑ̃/ |
prend /pʁɑ̃/ |
prenons /pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
prenez /pʁə.ne/ |
prennent /pʁɛn/ |
imperfect | prenais /pʁə.nɛ/ |
prenais /pʁə.nɛ/ |
prenait /pʁə.nɛ/ |
prenions /pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
preniez /pʁə.nje/ |
prenaient /pʁə.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | pris /pʁi/ |
pris /pʁi/ |
prit /pʁi/ |
prîmes /pʁim/ |
prîtes /pʁit/ |
prirent /pʁiʁ/ | |
future | prendrai /pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
prendras /pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
prendra /pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
prendrons /pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
prendrez /pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
prendront /pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | prendrais /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
prendrais /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
prendrait /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
prendrions /pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
prendriez /pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
prendraient /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | prenne /pʁɛn/ |
prennes /pʁɛn/ |
prenne /pʁɛn/ |
prenions /pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
preniez /pʁə.nje/ |
prennent /pʁɛn/ |
imperfect2 | prisse /pʁis/ |
prisses /pʁis/ |
prît /pʁi/ |
prissions /pʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
prissiez /pʁi.sje/ |
prissent /pʁis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | prends /pʁɑ̃/ |
— | prenons /pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
prenez /pʁə.ne/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- à prendre avec des pincettes
- à prendre ou à laisser
- à tout prendre
- déprendre
- désapprendre
- emprendre
- entreprendre
- éprendre
- méprendre
- prenable
- prendre au dépourvu
- prendre conscience
- prendre de vitesse
- prendre en charge
- prendre en compte
- prendre en défaut
- prendre en grippe
- prendre feu
- prendre fin
- prendre garde
- prendre la fuite
- prendre la main dans le sac
- prendre la parole
- prendre la poudre d'escampette
- prendre la tête
- prendre le pas
- prendre le relais
- prendre pour
- prendre pour acquis
- prendre ses aises
- prendre ses cliques et ses claques
- prendre ses couilles en main
- prendre ses distances
- prendre ses jambes à son cou
- prendre ses marques
- prendre son pied
- prendre son temps
- prendre un coup de vieux
- s'en prendre à
- se prendre
- surprendre
- s'y prendre
Related terms
Further reading
- “prendre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prendō, prendere, from prehendō.
Norman
Etymology
From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prendō, prendere, an alternative form of prehendō, prehendere (“lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch”).
Derived terms
- prendre dé l'ièrre
- prendre la pathole
- prendre la tchaîse
- prendre lé deu
- prendre un ris
Old French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈprẽn.drə/, (later) /ˈprãn.drə/
Verb
prendre
- to take
- circa 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Elyzabel, fille au roi de Hongrie:
- Sachiez, ce mes oncles m'esforce
Que je preigne mari a force,
Je m'enfuirai en aucun leu- Know that if my uncle forces me
To take a husband against my will
I will flee to any place [but here]
- Know that if my uncle forces me
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | prendre | avoir pris | |||||
gerund | en prenant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | prenant | ||||||
past participle | pris | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | preing, pren | prenz | prent | prenons | prenez | prenent |
imperfect | prenoie, preneie | prenoies, preneies | prenoit, preneit | preniiens, preniens | preniiez, preniez | prenoient, preneient | |
preterite | pris | preṣis | prist | preṣimes | preṣistes | prisdrent | |
future | prendrai | prendras | prendra | prendrons | prendroiz, prendreiz, prendrez | prendront | |
conditional | prendroie, prendreie | prendroies, prendreies | prendroit, prendreit | prendriiens, prendriens | prendriiez, prendriez | prendroient, prendreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | preigne | preignes | preigne | prenons, preigniens, preignons | prenez, preigniez | preignent |
imperfect | preṣisse | preṣisses | preṣist | preṣissons, preṣissiens | preṣissoiz, preṣissez, preṣissiez | preṣissent | |
compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | pren | — | prenons | prenez | — |
Related terms
Old Occitan
Alternative forms
- penre
- perne
- prener
- prenze
Etymology
From Latin prendere, variant of prehendere, present active infinitive of prehendō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French prendre.
References
- von Wartburg, Walther (1928-2002), “prehendere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 90, page 339