punir
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Conjugation
Conjugation of punir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
| infinitive | punir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | punint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | punit | punida | |||||
| plural | punits | punides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | puneixo | puneixes | puneix | punim | puniu | puneixen | |
| imperfect | punia | punies | punia | puníem | puníeu | punien | |
| future | puniré | puniràs | punirà | punirem | punireu | puniran | |
| preterite | puní | punires | puní | punírem | puníreu | puniren | |
| conditional | puniria | puniries | puniria | puniríem | puniríeu | punirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | puneixi | puneixis | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
| imperfect | punís | punissis | punís | puníssim | puníssiu | punissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | puneix | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | ||
French
Etymology
From Middle French punir, from Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present active infinitive of pūniō. May have been borrowed due to its late appearance.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /py.niʁ/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of punir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | punissant /py.ni.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | puni /py.ni/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | punir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | punissant /py.ni.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
| imperfect | punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissait /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissaient /py.ni.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punîmes /py.nim/ |
punîtes /py.nit/ |
punirent /py.niʁ/ | |
| future | punirai /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniras /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punira /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punirons /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
punirez /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniront /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirait /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirions /py.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
puniriez /py.ni.ʁje/ |
puniraient /py.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punisse /py.nis/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
| imperfect2 | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punît /py.ni/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | punis /py.ni/ |
— | punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “punir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Old French
Old Occitan
Portuguese
Conjugation
Conjugation of the Portuguese -ir verb punir
| Notes:[edit] | ||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | punir | |||||
| Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| punindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
| Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punis | punem |
| Imperfect | punia | punias | punia | puníamos | puníeis | puniam |
| Preterite | puni | puniste | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniram |
| Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puníramos | puníreis | puniram |
| Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | punireis | punirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| puniria | punirias | puniria | puniríamos | puniríeis | puniriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punais | punam |
| Imperfect | punisse | punisses | punisse | puníssemos | punísseis | punissem |
| Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | - | pune | puna | punamos | puni | punam |
| Negative (não) | - | punas | puna | punamos | punais | punam |
Spanish
Verb
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punido)
- to punish
Conjugation
| infinitive | punir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | puniendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | punido | punida | |||||
| plural | punidos | punidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | puno | punestú punísvos |
pune | punimos | punís | punen | |
| imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puníamos | puníais | punían | |
| preterite | puní | puniste | punió | punimos | punisteis | punieron | |
| future | puniré | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniréis | punirán | |
| conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniríamos | puniríais | punirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | puna | punastú punásvos2 |
puna | punamos | punáis | punan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
puniera | punieras | puniera | puniéramos | punierais | punieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
puniese | punieses | puniese | puniésemos | punieseis | puniesen | |
| future1 | puniere | punieres | puniere | puniéremos | puniereis | punieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | punetú punívos |
puna | punamos | punid | punan | ||
| negative | no punas | no puna | no punamos | no punáis | no punan | ||
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive punir | |||||||
| dative | punirme | punirte | punirle, punirse | punirnos | puniros | punirles, punirse | |
| accusative | punirme | punirte | punirlo, punirla, punirse | punirnos | puniros | punirlos, punirlas, punirse | |
| with gerund puniendo | |||||||
| dative | puniéndome | puniéndote | puniéndole, puniéndose | puniéndonos | puniéndoos | puniéndoles, puniéndose | |
| accusative | puniéndome | puniéndote | puniéndolo, puniéndola, puniéndose | puniéndonos | puniéndoos | puniéndolos, puniéndolas, puniéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular imperative pune | |||||||
| dative | púneme | púnete | púnele | púnenos | not used | púneles | |
| accusative | púneme | púnete | púnelo, púnela | púnenos | not used | púnelos, púnelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative puna | |||||||
| dative | púname | not used | púnale, púnase | púnanos | not used | púnales | |
| accusative | púname | not used | púnalo, púnala, púnase | púnanos | not used | púnalos, púnalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative punamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | punámoste | punámosle | punámonos | punámoos | punámosles | |
| accusative | not used | punámoste | punámoslo, punámosla | punámonos | punámoos | punámoslos, punámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative punid | |||||||
| dative | punidme | not used | punidle | punidnos | puníos | punidles | |
| accusative | punidme | not used | punidlo, punidla | punidnos | puníos | punidlos, punidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative punan | |||||||
| dative | púnanme | not used | púnanle | púnannos | not used | púnanles, púnanse | |
| accusative | púnanme | not used | púnanlo, púnanla | púnannos | not used | púnanlos, púnanlas, púnanse | |
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