July 1962

The following events occurred in July 1962:

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July 9, 1962: Hawaii receives EMP from distant nuclear test
July 12, 1962: The Rolling Stones debut
July 6, 1962: Nevada crater dug by nuclear test
Sedan Crater, 1200 feet wide, 320 feet deep
July 2, 1962: First Wal-Mart Discount City opens

July 1, 1962 (Sunday)
Rwanda
Burundi

July 2, 1962 (Monday)
  • Sam Walton opened the first Walmart store as Wal-Mart Discount City in Rogers, Arkansas, United States. By 1970, there would be 38 Wal-Mart stores.[10] After 50 years, there were more than 9,766 stores in 27 countries, and 11,766 by mid-2019.[11]
  • Five simulated off-the-pad Gemini ejection tests began at Naval Ordnance Test Station and were completed by the first week of August. The tests showed problems which led to two important design changes, adding a drogue-gun method of deploying the parachute and installing a three-point harness-release system similar to those used in military aircraft. [12]

July 3, 1962 (Tuesday)

July 4, 1962 (Wednesday)
July 4, 1962: The Mercury astronauts at the Houston Coliseum barbecue.

July 5, 1962 (Thursday)
  • After Algeria's independence was recognized by France, 20 French Algerians and 75 Algerians were killed in a massacre which took place at Oran, the section of Algiers where most French Algerians lived. [20]
  • The French Assembly voted 241–72 to remove former Prime Minister Georges Bidault's immunity against arrest and prosecution, which he had held in April 1961, when he called for the overthrow of President Charles De Gaulle. The vote cleared the way for treason indictment of Bidault, who had fled to Italy.[21]

July 6, 1962 (Friday)
  • The 320-foot (98 m) deep Sedan Crater, measuring 1,280 feet (390 m) in diameter, was created in a split second in Nye County, Nevada, with an underground nuclear test.[22] The fallout exposed 13 million Americans to radiation; regular monthly tours are now given of the crater, which ceased being radioactive after less than a year.[23]
Byrne
  • Irish broadcaster Gay Byrne presented his first edition of The Late Late Show.[24] Byrne would go on to present the talk show for 37 years, making him the longest-running TV talk show host in history.
  • Martin Marietta presented its plan for flight testing the malfunction detection system (MDS) for the Gemini launch vehicle. This so-called "piggyback plan" required installing the Gemini MDS in Titan II engines on six Titan II flights to demonstrate its reliability.[12]
  • Died:

July 7, 1962 (Saturday)

July 8, 1962 (Sunday)

July 9, 1962 (Monday)
  • In the Starfish Prime test, the United States exploded a 1.4 megaton hydrogen bomb in outer space, sending the warhead on a Titan missile to an altitude of 248 miles (399 km) over Johnston Island.[31] The first two attempts at exploding a nuclear missile above the Earth had failed. The flash was visible in Hawaii, 750 miles (1,210 km) away, and scientists discovered the destructive effects of the first major manmade electromagnetic pulse (EMP), as a surge of electrons burned out streetlights, blew fuses, and disrupted communications.[32][33] Increasing radiation in some places one hundredfold, the EMP damaged at least ten orbiting satellites beyond repair.[34]
  • American artist Andy Warhol first presented his Campbell's Soup Cans at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles.[35]
  • NASA scientists concluded that the layer of haze reported by astronauts John Glenn and Scott Carpenter was a phenomenon called "airglow." Using a photometer on his mission in May, Carpenter was able to measure the layer. Airglow accounts for much of the illumination in the night sky.[7]
  • Died: Georges Bataille, 64, French philosopher and writer, of arteriosclerosis[36]

July 10, 1962 (Tuesday)
Telstar

July 11, 1962 (Wednesday)

July 12, 1962 (Thursday)

July 13, 1962 (Friday)

July 14, 1962 (Saturday)
  • A 1958 Pakistan law, banning all political parties, was repealed by a National Assembly resolution, amending the Constitution of 1962. The only requirement was that a party could not "prejudice Islamic ideology or the stability or integrity of Pakistan, and could not receive any aid from a foreign nation.[58]
  • In the third match of the rugby league Test series between Australia and Great Britain, held at Sydney Cricket Ground, a controversial last-minute Australian try and the subsequent conversion resulted in an 18–17 win for Australia.[59]
  • Henry Brooke became the new UK Home Secretary in Harold Macmillan's reshuffled cabinet.
  • The Miss Universe 1962 beauty pageant took place at Miami Beach, Florida, and was won by Norma Nolan of Argentina.[60]

July 15, 1962 (Sunday)
  • The Washington Post broke the story of thalidomide tablets that had been distributed in the United States, in a story by Morton Mintz under the headline "Heroine of FDA Keeps Bad Drug Off Market". As a result of the publicity, more than 2.5 million thalidomide pills, which had been distributed to physicians by the Richardson-Merrell pharmaceutical company pending approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, were recalled. Although thousands of babies were born with defects in Europe, the FDA identified only 17 known cases in the United States.[61]
  • Jacques Anquetil won the Tour de France for the third time.[62]
  • Radiation killed all six animals, sent up 24 hours earlier by NASA, in the first test of whether astronauts could safely endure prolonged exposure to cosmic rays. The two monkeys and four hamsters had been inside a space capsule that had been kept at an altitude of 131,000 feet (40,000 m) by a balloon.[63]

July 16, 1962 (Monday)
  • French explorer Michel Siffre began a long-term experiment of chronobiology, the perception of the passage of time in the absence of information, staying underground in a cave for two months after entering. While inside, he used a one-way field telephone to signal to researchers when he was going to sleep, when he was getting up, and how much time had passed between events during his waking hours. He was brought back out on September 14, 1962, sixty days later; according to his diary, he thought only 35 days had passed and that the date was August 20.[64][65][66]

July 17, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • Major Robert M. White (USAF) piloted a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 314,750 feet (59.612 mi; 95.94 km),[67] narrowly missing the 100 kilometer altitude Kármán line that defines outer space, but passing the 50-mile altitude mark that NASA used to define the threshold of space. The record of 67 miles (108 km) would be set by Joseph A. Walker on July 19, 1963.[68]
  • The final atmospheric nuclear test by the United States was made, a test shot Little Feller I (of a "Small Boy" weapon).[69]
  • The U.S. Senate voted 52–48 against further consideration of President Kennedy's proposed plan for Medicare, government-subsidized health care for persons drawing social security benefits.[70] Two liberal U.S. Senators had switched sides, preventing a 50–50 tie that would have been broken in favor of Medicare by Vice-President Johnson; as President, Johnson would sign Medicare into law effective July 30, 1965.[71]
  • Four years after the USS Nautilus had become the first submarine to reach the geographic North Pole, the Soviet Union reached the Pole with a sub for the first time, with the submarine K-3 (later renamed the Leninsky Komsomol).[72]
  • The Eritrean Liberation Front staged its first major attack in seeking to separate Eritrea from Ethiopia, by throwing a hand grenade at a reviewing stand that included General Abiy Abebe (Emperor Haile Selassie's representative), Eritrean provincial executive Asfaha Woldemikael, and Hamid Ferej, leader of the Eritrean provincial assembly.[73]

July 18, 1962 (Wednesday)

July 19, 1962 (Thursday)
  • The first successful intercept of one missile by another took place at Kwajalein Island, with a Zeus missile passing within 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of an incoming Atlas missile, close enough for a nuclear warhead to disable an enemy weapon.[81]
  • Gemini Project Office and North American Aviation agreed on guidelines for the design of the advanced paraglider trainer, the system to be used with the Gemini spacecraft. The most important of these guidelines was redundancy for all critical operations.[12]
  • Born: Anthony Edwards, American film and television actor; in Santa Barbara, California

July 20, 1962 (Friday)

July 21, 1962 (Saturday)
  • The United Arab Republic (Egypt) successfully fired four missiles which, President Gamal Abdel Nasser said, could strike any target "just south of Beirut", a reference to neighboring Israel. Nasser said that the Nakid El Kaher (Conqueror) missile had a range of 380 miles (610 km), which could reach all of Israel, as well as cities in Syria and Jordan, and that the El Zahir (Victory) missile had a range of 222 miles (357 km), including Tel Aviv.[85] The missiles came as a surprise to Israel's intelligence service, the Mossad. In August, Mossad chief Isser Harel would report to Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion that German scientists were assisting in the development of 900 more missiles capable of carrying chemical and biological weapons and would organize Operation Damocles to target the scientists on the project.[86]
  • U.S. President John F. Kennedy announced that Robert R. Gilruth, Director of Manned Spacecraft Center, would receive the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service. This award was made for his successful accomplishment of "one of the most complex tasks ever presented to man in this country... the achievement of manned flight in orbit around the earth."[7]
  • Died: G. M. Trevelyan, 86, British historian

July 22, 1962 (Sunday)
  • The Mariner 1 spacecraft flew erratically several minutes after launch and had to be destroyed after less than five minutes, at a cost of $4,000,000 for the satellite and $8,000,000 for the rocket.[87] The $12 million dollar loss was later traced[88] to the omission of an overbar in the handwritten text from which the computer programming for the rocket guidance system was drawn, which should have been written as : being rendered as :; thus, there was no smooth function to prevent over-correction of minor variations of data on rocket velocity.[89]
  • On Canadian Pacific Flight 301, 27 of the 40 people were killed after the four-engine plane had a failure of one engine shortly after takeoff on departure from Honolulu. The airliner crashed during an emergency landing, with only 13 survivors. [90]
  • Born: Steve Albini, American musician, audio engineer, and music journalist; in Pasadena, California[91]

July 23, 1962 (Monday)
  • Telstar relayed the first live trans-Atlantic television signal, with two 20-minute programs. The first was a set of U.S. TV shows (President Kennedy's news conference, 90 seconds of the Phillies-Cubs baseball game, and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir) to Eurovision (2:00 pm New York, 8:00 pm London). At 4:58 pm, New York Time, live transmission of European broadcasting was shown on all three American networks, beginning with a live picture of the clock at London's Big Ben approaching 11:00 pm.[51][92]
  • In the first press conference broadcast by satellite, U.S. President Kennedy blamed the Soviet Union for the resumption of nuclear testing and the inflexibility about the Berlin question.[93]
  • The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos was signed in Geneva.[94] Under the agreement, all foreign military personnel were to withdraw within 75 days; the last Americans, advisers to the U.S. Special Forces, would leave by October 6.[95]
  • While in Geneva, W. Averell Harriman of the U.S. met with North Vietnam's Foreign Minister, Ung Văn Khiêm in an unsuccessful attempt to talk about a similar neutrality agreement in Vietnam. Decades after the end of the Vietnam War, sources in Hanoi would reveal that the North Vietnamese Politburo had approved the pursuit of discussions, but that Khiem had not been informed of the Politburo decision that might have averted a protracted war. American and North Vietnamese diplomats would not meet again for six years.[96]
  • The Saskatoon agreement brought an end to the Saskatchewan doctors' strike.[97]
  • Thirty-six people were killed, and 100 injured, when a train between Paris and Marseilles derailed while crossing a viaduct near Dijon. Most of the dead were vacationers traveling to the French Riviera, and were on a passenger car that plunged into a ravine.[98]
  • Born: Eriq La Salle, African-American TV actor; in Hartford, Connecticut
  • Died:

July 24, 1962 (Tuesday)

July 25, 1962 (Wednesday)

July 26, 1962 (Thursday)
  • The first nuclear missiles shipped to Cuba by the Soviet Union were unloaded in at the port of Mariel. Their discovery would precipitate the Cuban Missile Crisis.[108]
  • The first birth defects in the United States from the drug thalidomide were detected. The unborn child's mother asked the Supreme Court of Arizona State for an order permitting her to abort her fifth pregnancy. In previous months, she had used the controversial medication, which was banned in the U.S., but had been bought by her husband in London. Her request was rejected.[109]
  • The French Chef, starring Julia Child, appeared on television for the first time, as a program on the Boston public television station WGBH.[110]
  • To celebrate the tenth anniversary of the founding of the republic in Egypt, President Nasser declared an end to tuition in the nation's universities.[111]
  • The first phone call by satellite between Italy and the United States took place. Osvaldo Cagnasso, the mayor of Alba in Piedmont, called his counterpart, Mayor John Snider in Medford, Oregon. The mayors of the twinned cities exchanged their greetings, in the call relayed by Telstar 1, for 12 minutes. In the hours that followed, the satellite broadcast another 11 calls from one side of the Atlantic to the other.[112]*In Algeria, during the split within the GPRA, Belkacem Krim and Boudiaf got the Kabylie to organize the resistance to Ben Bella's army. Benkhedda remained in Algiers to cooperate with the opposing faction.[113]
  • Born: Sergey Kiriyenko, Prime Minister of Russia from March to August 1998; in Sukhumi, Georgian S.S.R., U.S.S.R.
  • Died:

July 27, 1962 (Friday)

July 28, 1962 (Saturday)
  • South Korea's President Park Chung Hee issued the memorandum "The Establishment of a Social Security System" and set about to forcibly implement programs for assistance for the elderly, disabled and unemployed in what was, at that time, a poor nation.[118]
  • The U.S.S.R. launched Kosmos 7, the first successful Soviet mission to conduct surveillance photography of the entire United States.[119]
  • A 103–26 vote of delegates to the German Football Association (DFB) convention at Dortmund created the Bundesliga, the national league of West Germany's top professional soccer football teams.[120] The Bundesliga would begin its first season on August 24, 1963, with 16 teams out of 46 applicants.[121]
  • Race riots broke out in Dudley, West Midlands, in the UK.[122]
  • A train derailment killed 19 people and injured 116 when a Pennsylvania Railroad went off the tracks at Steelton, Pennsylvania. The nine-car train was carrying baseball fans to the Pirates-Phillies baseball game at Philadelphia, when the last five cars went off track, and three fell down a 40-foot (12 m) embankment.[123]
  • Born: Jason Sherman, Canadian playwright and screenwriter; in Montreal

July 29, 1962 (Sunday)

July 30, 1962 (Monday)
  • The Trans-Canada Highway was opened at a ceremony to mark the completion of the 92-mile (148 km) long Rogers Pass Highway through the Canadian Rockies, for the final link of the nearly 5,000-mile (8,000 km) system between St. John's, Newfoundland, and Victoria, British Columbia. B.C. Premier W. A. C. Bennett snipped a ribbon near Revelstoke.[126]
  • U.S. President Kennedy agreed to halt reconnaissance flights over Soviet ships in the Caribbean Sea, after U.S.S.R. Premier Khrushchev proposed the idea "for the sake of better relations"; in the two months that followed, the ships delivered missiles to Cuba.[127]
  • On the same day, President Kennedy began tape-recording conversations in the White House.[128]
  • Marilyn Monroe made a final telephone call to the U.S. Justice Department, six days before her death. Monroe had been a regular caller to U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and historians speculate that he told her during the eight-minute phone call that they could no longer see each other. Monroe's phone records would be confiscated by the FBI, but Kennedy's phone logs would be donated to the National Archives after his death.[129]
  • Born: Alton Brown, American chef and host of the Food Network show Good Eats; in Los Angeles
  • Died: Helge Krog, 73, Norwegian journalist

July 31, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  2. "Freedom From France". Sydney Morning Herald. July 4, 1962. p. 3.
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  42. "New Premier OK'd, Brazil Crisis Ends". Miami News. July 10, 1962. p. 4A.
  43. "£4m Kings Bridge Closed Indefinitely". The Age. Melbourne. July 11, 1962. p. 1.
  44. Åkesson, Björn (2008). Understanding Bridge Collapses. CRC Press. p. 132.
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  46. "Tommy Milton Dies; 1st Two-Time '500' Winner". Indianapolis Star. July 11, 1962. p. 1.
  47. "Floridian Swims Channel". Miami News. July 11, 1962. p. 1.
  48. Bogdanov, Vladimir; et al. (2003). All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 476.
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  50. "Ex-Governor of Missouri Found Dead". Miami News. July 12, 1962. p. 2.
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  52. "Changes in the Cabinet - Mr Selwyn Lloyd Replaced". Glasgow Herald. July 14, 1962. p. 1.
  53. "U.K. Cabinet Sensation- 7 lose jobs in purge". Sydney Sun-Herald. July 15, 1962. p. 1.
  54. "Mac the Knife...And How He Must Answer To A Victim". Miami News. July 16, 1962. p. 1.
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  83. "The Hovercraft Pioneers- First Paying Passengers Take the Air To-day". Glasgow Herald. July 20, 1962. p. 4.
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  85. "Egypt Fires 4 Rockets in Test Series- Nasser Boasts Missiles Could Hit Targets in Israel". Youngstown Vindicator. Youngstown, Ohio. July 21, 1962. p. 2.
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  87. "Venus Shot Veers, Destroyed", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 23, 1962, p. 1
  88. "So! It Was Man Who Goofed In Venus Probe", Deseret News (Salt Lake City), July 28, 1962, p. 1
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  91. "Steve Albini".
  92. "First Live European TV Due Via Telstar Today", Miami News, July 23, 1962, p. 1; "What America Saw 'Live' From Europe", Miami News, July 24, 1962, p9C
  93. "Kennedy illustra al vecchio mondo i più gravi problemi internazionali". La Stampa. July 24, 1962.
  94. "14 Nations Sign Pact Of Peace For Laos", Miami News, July 23, 1962, p10A
  95. Shelby L. Stanton, Special Forces at War: An Illustrated History, Southeast Asia 1957-1975 (Zenith Imprint, 2008) p. 23
  96. Robert S. McNamara, et al., Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy (PublicAffairs, 2000) pp. 125–127
  97. Dick Spencer, Singing the Blues: The Conservatives in Saskatchewan (CPRC Press, Jan 30, 2007) p. 124
  98. "Il Parigi-Marsiglia deraglia su un viadotto-Una carrozza precipita: 36 morti, 1000 feriti". La Stampa. July 24, 1962.
  99. "Senator Dworshak Dies At 67", Miami News, July 24, 1962, p5A
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  102. "Le notizie del 24 luglio 1962".
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  104. "Hello, Earth... This Is Jet Stewardess, Miss Patterson". Miami News. July 26, 1962. p. 1.
  105. Livingston, Steven G. (2002). Student's Guide To Landmark Congressional Laws on Social Security and Welfare. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 107.
  106. "Ben Bella occupa Bona e Costantina - I ministri abbandonano Ben Khedda ad Algeri" [Ben Bella occupies Bona and Constantine - Ministers abandon Ben Khedda in Algiers.]. La Stampa (in Italian). July 27, 1962.
  107. Ulivi, Paolo; et al. (2004). Lunar Exploration: Human Pioneers and Robotic Surveyors. Springer. pp. 15–16.
  108. Polmar, Norman (2001). Spyplane: The U-2 History Declassified. Zenith Imprint. p. 183.
  109. "Chiede alla corte americana di interrompere la maternità perché ha preso i tranquillanti che deformano i bambini" [She asks the American court to stop pregnancy because she took the tranquilizers that deform children.]. La Stampa (in Italian). July 27, 1962.
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  134. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Brooks, Courtney G.; Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W. "PART I: Early Space Station Activities -1923 to December 1962.". SKYLAB: A CHRONOLOGY. NASA Special Publication-4011. NASA. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
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