May 1962

The following events occurred in May 1962:

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May 24, 1962: Astronaut Scott Carpenter orbits Earth, overshoots landing zone by 250 miles

May 1, 1962 (Tuesday)

May 2, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • An OAS car bomb killed 96 people when it exploded at the docks of Algiers. The deaths of 14 other people and the injury of 147 overall made the occasion "the bloodiest single day in the modern history of Algeria's capital".[4]
  • The value of the Canadian dollar was put at a fixed exchange rate at 92.5 United States cents (USD 0.925) after having had a fluctuating value since September 30, 1950. The Canadian Exchange Fund would purchase U.S. dollars in order to keep the Canadian dollar from going more than one percent above 92+1⁄2¢ American, until May 30, 1970.[5][6]
  • Benfica (of Lisbon), champion of Portugal's Primeira Divisão league, won the European Cup for the second time in a row, beating Real Madrid (champions of Spain's La Liga, 5 to 3, before a crowd of 61,257 at Amsterdam's Olympisch Stadion.
  • Born:
  • Died: Clairvius Narcisse, 40, Haitian peasant who would attain media attention from 1980 onward as being the identity of a zombie after her death.[7][8]

May 3, 1962 (Thursday)

May 4, 1962 (Friday)
  • Dr. Masaki Watanabe of Japan performed the very first arthroscopic surgery to repair a meniscus tear, a common injury for athletes. The first patient to receive the procedure was a 17-year-old basketball player, who was returned to playing six weeks after the meniscectomy and resection of his right knee by Dr. Watanabe.[10]
  • Scott Carpenter, designated as the primary pilot for the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) crewed orbital flight, completed a simulated MA-7 mission exercise.[2]
  • U.S. Ambassador to Canada Livingston Merchant, in his final month as envoy, made a final visit to Prime Minister John Diefenbaker in Ottawa. At the meeting Diefenbaker angrily brought out an American memorandum that had been left behind during President Kennedy's visit in May 1961.[11] The President's handwritten notes in the margin included the letters "OAS" (the Organization of American States), "but Diefenbaker read Kennedy's handwriting as 'SOB',"[12] and threatened to use the memo (and the suggestion that Kennedy thought that Diefenbaker was a "son of a bitch") in the upcoming June 18 elections. After conferring with his superiors, the ambassador later told Diefenbaker that he was personally reluctant to report "anything which could be construed as a threat" and that publication of the memo would "make difficult future relations". The memo was never used, but Kennedy and Diefenbaker never trusted each other again.
  • During the El Carupanazo revolt against Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan Air Force aircraft began a two-day attack on rebel positions at Carúpano.[13]

May 5, 1962 (Saturday)
  • Seattle businessman Stanley McDonald inaugurated a cruise ship service that would eventually become Princess Cruises, starting with the departure of the Canadian steamer SS Yarmouth from San Francisco for the first of 17 ten-day cruises to the 1962 Seattle World's Fair and back.[14][15] After a successful six-month lease of the Yarmouth, McDonald would spend more than three years in making plans for the Princess Cruise line (which would be made famous by The Love Boat television series) on a regular series of winter tours from Los Angeles to Acapulco, starting at the end of 1965.[16] "Yarmouth Cruises, Inc."
  • Tottenham Hotspur F.C. retained the FA Cup with a 3–1 win over Burnley F.C. in front of 100,000 fans (including Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip) at Wembley Stadium, and became only the second team in Football League history to win the Cup two years in a row.[17][18] Goals were scored for the Spurs by Jimmy Greaves, Bobby Smith and captain Danny Blanchflower, with the Clarets' sole score coming from Jimmy Robson.

May 6, 1962 (Sunday)

May 7, 1962 (Monday)
  • Three officials of the Central Intelligence Agency met with U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and implored him to stop investigation of Mafia crime boss Sam Giancana. For the first time, the CIA revealed that it had offered $150,000 to several organized criminals to carry out a "hit" against Cuba's Prime Minister, Fidel Castro.[26] The secret meeting would become public in 1975, with the release of the Rockefeller Commission's report on an investigation of the CIA.[27]
  • The six-member township council of Centralia, Pennsylvania, voted in favor of improving the new landfill at the edge of town, in time for Memorial Day ceremonies. Every year, the contents of the city dump would be set afire, despite a state law prohibiting the practice, and the May 27 burning would prove to be the end of Centralia.[28]
  • The 1962 Cannes Film Festival opened.
  • NASA announced that the Mercury 7 flight would be delayed several days due to problems with the Atlas rocket.[2]
  • Detroit became the first city in the United States to use traffic cameras and electronic signs to regulate the flow of traffic. The pilot program began with 14 television cameras along a 3.2-mile (5.1 km) stretch of the John C. Lodge Freeway, between the Davison Expressway and Interstate 94.[29]

May 8, 1962 (Tuesday)

May 9, 1962 (Wednesday)

May 10, 1962 (Thursday)
  • Pravda, the official newspaper for the Soviet Communist Party, printed the official response to pleas to prevent the continued tearing down of Moscow's monasteries and churches. The plea had been in an editorial in the magazine Moskva about the urban renewal decisions of the Architectural Planning Administration. The editorials were unsigned, but apparently approved by First Secretary Khrushchev. The day before, three of the journalists from Moskva were informed that the article was anti-Soviet.[38]
  • John C. Fischer, Jr., an aerospace technologist at Lewis Research Center, put forward a plan for a two-phased approach for a U.S. space station program, and said that the first phase, launching a crewed and fully equipped station into orbit, would take at least four years. The second phase would require envisioned injection of an uncrewed inflatable structure into orbit which would then be occupied and resupplied by ferry vehicles. This more sophisticated approach included artificial gravity (eliminating many human and hardware-design problems of long periods of zero-g); gyroscopic stability of the platform (eliminating requirements for propellants to maintain the station's orientation in orbit); and supply vehicles designed for reentry and landing at selected airports (eliminating the expense of conventional recovery methods).[39]
  • On May 10 and 11, Gemini Project Office directed McDonnell to determine what special pressure suit features would be required to allow crew members to take a "walk in space" of up to 15 minutes outside the capsule.[3] Manned Spacecraft Center's Life Systems Division proposed to measure seven parameters of crew condition during all Gemini flights. In order of priority these were blood pressure, with electrocardiogram phonocardiogram; electroencephalogram; respiration, galvanic skin response, and body temperature. The bioinstrumentation required would add 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg) per crewmember, with a total power consumption of about 2 watt-hours (7.2 kJ).[3] A postlanding survival kit weighing 24 pounds (11 kg) would be provided for each crew member.[3]
  • The Japanese monster film Mothra opened in the United States, after having premiered in Japan on July 30, 1961.[40]
  • Born: John Ngugi, Kenyan athlete and 1988 Olympic gold medalist in the 5000 metre race; in Nyahururu[41]

May 11, 1962 (Friday)

May 12, 1962 (Saturday)
  • Nine men on a fishing trip were killed by sharks after their boat sank off the coast of Newport Beach, California. Chester McMain of Norwalk was taking the Happy Jack on its first voyage when it ran into rough weather. Though the men were wearing life jackets, the sharks apparently pulled them underwater. Searchers on the fishing boat Mardic located six bodies the next day and found sharks swimming around the group.[44][45]
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The 1961 and 1962 Philippine postage stamps

May 13, 1962 (Sunday)
President Radhakrishnan

May 14, 1962 (Monday)

May 15, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • The last execution of an American for armed robbery, without homicide, took place in Huntsville, Texas as an African-American man, 20-year-old Herbert Lemuel Bradley of Dallas, was put to death in the electric chair. Bradley, who had shot an elderly grocer six times in the robbery, told reporters before he died, "I have no complaints. A man has to die sometime, but I don't think this has been fair," noting that he shared the prison with convicts serving terms of 5 to 25 years for armed robbery.[51][52] The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals had upheld the death sentence on February 28, noting that the victim was still in the hospital more than a year after being shot four times in the stomach during a gunfight.[53]
  • Born:
  • Died: Michael Dillon, 47, English physician, who became (in 1946) the first person to undergo female-to-male transsexual phalloplasty

May 16, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • The first 1,800 United States Marines dispatched to Southeast Asia, troops of the 3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade, arrived at Bangkok to guard Thailand's border with Laos. The Thai government had given permission for 5,000 American troops to stay.[54]
  • Representatives of McDonnell Aircraft and the Gemini Project Office decided to develop more powerful retrograde rocket motors for the Gemini spacecraft. The new motors had three times the thrust level and would permit retrorocket aborts at altitudes as low as 72,000 feet (22,000 m) to 75,000 feet (23,000 m). Development of the new motors was expected to cost $1,255,000.[3]

May 17, 1962 (Thursday)
  • Thalidomide was withdrawn from sale in Japan, bringing an end to the worldwide distribution of the morning sickness drug that had caused birth defects. Dainippon Pharmaceutical halted further shipments. About 1,200 "thalidomide babies" were born in Japan.[55]
  • Mercury 7 was postponed a second time because of necessary modifications to the altitude-sensing instrumentation in the parachute-deployment system.[2]
  • African-American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivered a proposed "Second Emancipation Proclamation" to U.S. President Kennedy along with a proposal that Kennedy sign an executive order with the proposed title "On Behalf of the Negro Citizenry of the United States of America in commemoration of the Centennial of the Proclamation of Emancipation". Kennedy declined to act on the request "and noticeably avoided all centennial celebrations" of the original Emancipation Proclamation (which had been signed by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862).[56]
  • Born: Arturo Peniche, Mexican telenovela actor, in Mexico City
  • Died: E. Franklin Frazier, 67, American sociologist

May 18, 1962 (Friday)
  • British soldiers erected a barbed wire barricade along Hong Kong's 12-mile (19 km) border with the People's Republic of China. The purpose was to block refugees from fleeing China into Hong Kong. At the time, as many as 4,000 people were attempting to flee Communist China into the British colony.[57] The next day, British administrators imposed penalties on any Hong Kong resident attempting to assist a refugee's escape.[58]
  • The Panchen Lama, leader of the Tibetan people since the nation's conquest by Communist China, presented a 70,000-word petition to visiting Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, pleading for relief for the suffering of Tibetans under Communist rule. Repression of Tibetan Buddhists eased to some extent after the Panchen Lama's bold move.[59]
  • McDonnell subcontracted the parachute landing system for Gemini to Northrop Ventura for $1,829,272. The Gemini Project Office had decided in April on using a system of one 84.2-foot (25.7 m) diameter ring-sail parachute, but now decided to add an 18-foot (5.5 m) ring-sail drogue parachute to the system. McDonnell proposed deploying the drogue at 10,000 feet (3,000 m).[3] NASA would concur on May 24.
  • Al Oerter became the first person to throw the discus more than 200 feet (61 m), setting a mark of 61.10 m (200'5") at Los Angeles.[60]
  • Born: Karel Roden, Czech actor, in České Budějovice

May 19, 1962 (Saturday)
  • Marilyn Monroe made her last significant public appearance, singing "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" at a birthday party for President John F. Kennedy at Madison Square Garden. The event was part of a fundraiser to pay off the Democratic Party's four million-dollar debt remaining from Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign.[61] Monroe was stitched into a $12,000 dress "made of nothing but beads" and wore nothing underneath as she appeared at the request of Peter Lawford; President Kennedy thanked her afterward, joking, "I can now retire from politics after having had 'Happy Birthday' sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way."[62]
  • Mercury 7 was postponed a third time because of irregularities in the temperature control device on a heater in the Atlas flight control system.[2]
  • Died: Gabriele Münter, 85, German expressionist painter

May 20, 1962 (Sunday)

May 21, 1962 (Monday)
  • Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev accepted the recommendation from his Defense Council to place nuclear missiles in Cuba, an act which would lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis and the threat of a nuclear war between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. in October.[64]
  • Egypt's President Gamel Abdel Nasser unveiled his "National Charter of the Arab Socialist Union", proclaiming that the "Arab Revolution" would win its "battle of destiny" by "enlightened thought", "free movement" and "clear perception" of the revolution's objectives.[65]
  • In Baltimore, federal district judge Roszel C. Thomsen dismissed the antitrust lawsuit by the American Football League against the National Football League. The suit arose from the NFL's action of placing franchises in Dallas and Minneapolis after the AFL had been founded with teams there.[66]
  • McDonnell awarded an $8 million subcontract to Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc. for the data transmission system for the Gemini spacecraft.[3] Another contract assigned $2,609,000 to convert pad 19 at Cape Canaveral for Gemini flights. Construction began in September 1962 and would be completed by October 17, 1963.[3]
  • Born:

May 22, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • All 45 people on board Continental Airlines Flight 11 were killed when the Boeing 707 was destroyed by dynamite while at an altitude of 39,000 feet (12,000 m).[67] The airliner was flying from Chicago to Kansas City when the explosion occurred in the rear lavatory while the jet was over Centerville, Iowa near the border between the U.S. states of Iowa and Missouri. The fuselage came down 19 miles (31 km) from Centerville on a farm near Unionville, Missouri.[68] Contact was lost at 9:15 pm and the plane had disappeared from radar at 9:40 after leaving behind a 60-mile (97 km) line of debris, including a briefcase with the initials "T.G.D."; Thomas G. Doty, one of the passengers, had been on his way to Kansas City to face criminal charges for armed robbery. He had taken out a $300,000 life insurance policy payable to his wife and had bought sticks of dynamite at a hardware store before carrying out the murder-suicide.[69][70]
  • American composer Richard Rodgers became the first "EGOT" (the winner of a Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony for television, recorded music, film and stage, respectively) when he received the Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music for Television, as composer of music for the ABC television show Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years. He had won an Oscar in 1945 for Best Original Song ("It Might as Well Be Spring"), his first Tony Award in 1950 (South Pacific, and his first Grammy Award in 1961 for The Sound of Music.[71]
  • Born:
    • Brian Pillman, American football player and professional Wrestler who worked for WCW and the WWF (now WWE) (died from heart disease 1997)
    • John Sarbanes, American politician and U.S. Representative for Maryland’s 3rd district since 2007, son of longtime Congressman and Senator Paul Sarbanes; in Baltimore[72]

May 23, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • Former French Army General Raoul Salan, founder of the French terrorist Organisation armée secrète, was sentenced to life imprisonment for treason, after initially being given a death sentence in absentia. General Salan would be pardoned by President Charles de Gaulle on June 15, 1968, after more than six years' incarceration at the prison in Tulle.[73]
  • Ernst Krenek's opera What Price Confidence? premièred at Saarbrücken, seventeen years after its composition.
  • The first successful reattachment (replantation) of a severed limb was accomplished by Dr. Ronald A. Malt at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Everett Knowles, a 12-year-old boy, had had his right arm severed at the shoulder by a freight train. A year after the limb was saved, Everett could move all five fingers and bend his wrist, and by 1965, he was again playing baseball and tennis.[74][75]
  • U.S. President Kennedy signed a Presidential Directive waiving the quota against accepting immigrants from China. Since 1943, the quota for Chinese immigrants had been only 105 per year. Within three years, President Lyndon Johnson would put the quota for Asian nations at the same level as that for European nations.[76]
  • Drilling for the first subway in Montreal commenced at 8:00 am, as a crew began to bore a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) long tunnel under Berri Street, to run between Metropolitan Boulevard and Jean Talon Street.[77]
Proposed paraglider deployment sequence during Gemini landing
  • Ames Research Center began the first wind tunnel test of the Paraglider Development Program.[3]
  • Representatives from Avco Manufacturing Corporation made a presentation to MSC on a proposal for an orbiting space station, with a primary purpose of determining the effects of zero-g on the crew's ability to stand reentry. Avco's proposed station design comprised three separate tubes about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter and 6 metres (20 ft) long, launched separately aboard Titan IIs and joined in a triangular shape in orbit. A standard Gemini spacecraft was to serve as ferry vehicle.[39]
  • Died: Rubén Jaramillo, 61, Mexican activist for land reform, along with his wife and three of his four children, after being arrested by Mexican soldiers at his home in Xochicalco.[78]

May 24, 1962 (Thursday)
Carpenter
  • Scott Carpenter orbited the Earth three times in the Aurora 7 space capsule, then splashed down 250 miles (400 km) off course in the Atlantic Ocean. He was located and rescued by the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid (CV-11). The Mercury 7 mission lifted off from Cape Canaveral at 7:45 am (1245 UTC) local time, went around the Earth three times, then began its return at 1:30 pm (1830 UTC). Instead of being tilted 34° toward the horizon, the capsule was inclined at 25° and overshot its mark, landing at 1:41 pm.[2][79] The mission achieved all objectives. Only one critical component malfunction occurred, a random failure of the pitch horizon scanner, which provided a reference point to the attitude gyroscopes. To compensate, the spacecraft was allowed to drift for 77 additional minutes and the flight lasted 4 hours and 56 minutes. Splashdown happened 125 miles (201 km) northeast of Puerto Rico. The overshoot was traced to a 25° yaw error when the retrograde rockets were fired, about three seconds late, which caused 20 miles (32 km) of the overshoot. Carpenter, who had deployed a rubber raft, floated for 2 hours and 59 minutes before being rescued by helicopter.[2]
  • North American Aviation began testing the emergency parachute system for the Gemini flight test vehicle.[3]
  • The string quartet piece ST/10=1, 080262, the first classical music composed using a computer, was premiered. Greek composer Iannis Xenakis had created the work with the aid of an IBM 7090 computer.[80]
  • The U.S. Embassy in Moscow renewed the passport of Lee Harvey Oswald and approved the entry of his wife and daughter into the United States.[35]

May 25, 1962 (Friday)
  • The new Coventry Cathedral, also known as St Michael's Cathedral, was consecrated in Coventry, West Midlands, for the Church of England, more than 20 years after the November 14, 1940 destruction of the 500-year-old Cathedral by German Luftwaffe bombers during World War II. The new cathedral, symbolic of forgiveness and rebirth, stands next to the ruins of the old one.[81]
  • A group of students at Haigazian University in Beirut launched the first rocket in what would become the Lebanese space program, sending the HCRS-7 Cedar rocket to an altitude of 11,500 metres (37,700 ft) under the supervision and protection of the Lebanese Army, which arranged for the clearing of airspace around the launch area.[82]
  • Born: Anthony Joyner, American serial killer and rapist convicted for at least six homicides (and suspected in 12 others) of elderly women at a nursing home where he was employed; in Philadelphia
  • Died:
    • Simone Tanner Chaumet, 45, French humanitarian honored for her role in saving hundreds of Jewish children in France during World War II, and later a peace activist in Algeria, was murdered in the Algiers suburb of Bouzaréah.
    • David Ogle, 40, English automobile designer who had founded his own sports car company, was killed while driving his Ogle Mini GT sports to a race circuit where he was going to demonstrate the vehicle. He was on the A1 highway at Digswell, Hertfordshire and traveling at 85 miles per hour (137 km/h) when he collided with a van and the car burst into flame.[83][84]

May 26, 1962 (Saturday)

May 27, 1962 (Sunday)
  • Pursuant to the township council resolution of May 7, the contents of the new landfill in Centralia, Pennsylvania, a town with 1,435 residents, were burned as part of a cleanup on the day before Memorial Day. As had been done in the past, the volunteer fire department then extinguished the blaze. The new landfill, however, had been placed above an abandoned coal mine and the fire continued to burn underground, ultimately reducing Centralia to a ghost town.[28]
  • Born: Ravi Shastri, Indian cricketer who was captain of the Indian national team in the 1980s and later the team's coach; in Bombay (now Mumbai)
  • Died: Egon Petri, 81, Dutch pianist

May 28, 1962 (Monday)

May 29, 1962 (Tuesday)

May 30, 1962 (Wednesday)

May 31, 1962 (Thursday)

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  2. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "PART III (A) Operational Phase of Project Mercury May 5, 1961 through May 1962". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  3. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M.; Hacker, Barton C.; Vorzimmer, Peter J. "PART I (B) Concept and Design January 1962 through December 1962". Project Gemini Technology and Operations - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4002. NASA. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  4. "Algerian Carnage Takes Lives Of 110". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. May 3, 1962. p. 1.
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  7. "Zombies: Do They Exist?". TIME. October 17, 1983.
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  9. "Engineer Arrested After Train Crash Kills 163 In Japan", Nashua (NH) Telegraph, May 4, 1962, p1
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  11. Glazov, Jamie (2003). Canadian Policy toward Khrushchev's Soviet Union. McGill-Queens University Press. p. 147.
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  58. "Hong Kong Refugee Aid Is Banned". Miami News. May 19, 1962. p. 1.
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  70. "Death Plane Passengers Had Bought Dynamite". Miami News. June 17, 1962. p. 1.
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