June 1962

The following events occurred in June 1962:

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June 11, 1962: Three prisoners manage to escape from Alcatraz
June 19, 1962: Escape from East Berlin to be made more difficult

June 1, 1962 (Friday)

  • The Soviet Union raised the price of consumer goods by more than 25 percent in order to cover higher operating expenses for the U.S.S.R.'s collective farm program. Butter was up 25%, and pork and beef by 30%.[1] In protest, workers walked off of the job at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Factory and the strike soon turned into an uprising.[2]
  • A list of the aerospace ground equipment required to handle and check out the Gemini spacecraft before flight was presented at the first spacecraft operations coordination meeting.[3]
  • Died:

June 2, 1962 (Saturday)

  • The day after price rises took effect in the Soviet Union, protests in the city of Novocherkassk were brutally suppressed in what is remembered as the Novocherkassk massacre. Strikers marched to the center of town, where they were joined by other protesters. After word spread that some of the strike leaders had been arrested, the local Communist party headquarters was invaded, after which the group marched into the police station[2] and at 1:10 pm, after firing a warning volley of shots, one of the units of soldiers fired into the crowd.[6] It was revealed thirty years later that 23 people were killed, and 116 arrested. Of those arrested, seven were convicted of sedition and executed, while others received prison terms ranging from 10 to 15 years.[7] The news was kept out of the Soviet press. Months later, unofficial reports in the West referred to "hundreds" of deaths[8] and in 1976, Alexander Solzhenitsyn's book The Gulag Archipelago would report that there had been more than 70 deaths.[9] [10] The Soviet government would finally confirm the killings on June 3, 1989, in an article in Komsomolskaya Pravda.[11]
  • El Porteñazo, a military rebellion, was launched in Venezuela.[12]
  • Born: Paula Newby-Fraser, Zimbabwean triathlete and eight time gold medalist in women's Ironman World Championship; in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe)[13]
  • Died: Vita Sackville-West, 70, English poet, novelist and landscape gardener (cancer)[14]

June 3, 1962 (Sunday)

June 4, 1962 (Monday)

June 5, 1962 (Tuesday)

June 6, 1962 (Wednesday)

June 7, 1962 (Thursday)

June 8, 1962 (Friday)

June 9, 1962 (Saturday)

Park
Franco
  • South Korea's military leader Park Chung Hee ordered a surprise currency reform, freezing all bank accounts and ordering that the South Korean hwan be exchanged by the end of Monday in favor of the new South Korean won, at the rate of 10 hwan for each new won.[52] On June 16, a decree was issued to take individual bank account money, above a set limit, for a required purchase of stock in the government-owned Korean Industrial Development Corporation, and Park would later be forced to rescind both emergency measures under pressure from the United States.[53]
  • Spain's dictator Francisco Franco announced a two-year suspension of the constitutional right of Spanish citizens to live elsewhere in the country. Franco limited the privilege to supporters of his government, in response to strikes that had halted activity in the nation.[54]
  • As part of its immigration reform, Canada granted amnesty to Chinese persons who had entered the nation illegally prior to July 1, 1960.[55]
  • The 1962 Giro d'Italia cycle race was won by Franco Balmamion.
  • The Roman Catholic Diocese of Veracruz was established in Mexico.
  • The frigate USS McCloy (FF-1038) was launched at Westwego, Louisiana.
  • Died: Polly Adler, 62, Russian-born American bordello operator

June 10, 1962 (Sunday)

  • The first popular vote in Cambodia took place, as citizens went to the polls to approve the Sangkum candidates for Parliament. Although there were no choices, an author notes that the election "did get people used to the mechanics of voting, which would be of significant value in 1966".[56]
  • Operation Anadyr, to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, was approved unanimously by the Presidium of the Soviet Union on the recommendation of Defense Minister Rodion Malinovsky and Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev. Under the plan, 24 medium-range nuclear missiles and 16 intermediate-range missiles would be placed in Cuba, and a total of 50,874 Soviet military personnel would be placed on the island to defend against an invasion. The decision would precipitate the Cuban Missile Crisis in October.[57]
  • Soviet athlete Igor Ter-Ovanesyan set a new world long jump record of 8.31 metres (27'3"), breaking the record set by Ralph Boston.[58]
  • In the elections for President of Peru, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre obtained more votes (557,047) than the other two major candidates, Fernando Belaúnde Terry (544,180) and former president Manuel A. Odría (480,798), while another 108,593 votes were split among four minor candidates. However, the Constitution required that a candidate receive at least one-third of the popular vote to win, and Haya had 32.95% of the 1,690,618 ballots cast, falling 6,493 votes short.[59] Before the Congress of Peru could meet to decide the election, the government would be overthrown on July 18 and the results annulled. A new election would be held on June 6, 1963, with Belaúnde winning the presidency.[60]
  • Born: Gina Gershon, American film and TV actress, singer and author; in Los Angeles[61]
  • Died: Trygve Gulbranssen, 68, Norwegian novelist, businessman and journalist[62]

June 11, 1962 (Monday)

June 12, 1962 (Tuesday)

June 13, 1962 (Wednesday)

  • Lee Harvey Oswald arrived back in the United States on the Dutch cruise ship S.S. Maasdam, after more than two years away in Russia. Oswald, who would be accused of killing U.S. President Kennedy less than 18 months later, brought with him his wife and daughter. The family was greeted on arrival in New York by Mr. Spas T. Rankin of the Travelers Aid Society of New York.[72]
  • The Manned Spacecraft Center proposed a recoverable meteoroid experiment with two sheets of aluminium to be extended from the Mercury spacecraft for a period of two weeks. The sheets would then be retracted into the spacecraft for protection during reentry and recovery.[73]
  • Rookie baseball pitcher Bo Belinsky, having spent the previous night partying with celebrities including Eddie Fisher, Dean Martin, Keely Smith and Henry Fonda, was arrested and charged with assaulting a nightclub attendant.[74]
  • Born: Ally Sheedy, American film actress known for WarGames and The Breakfast Club; in New York City

June 14, 1962 (Thursday)

June 15, 1962 (Friday)

June 16, 1962 (Saturday)

June 17, 1962 (Sunday)

June 18, 1962 (Monday)

June 19, 1962 (Tuesday)

June 20, 1962 (Wednesday)

General DeWitt

June 21, 1962 (Thursday)

June 22, 1962 (Friday)

June 23, 1962 (Saturday)

  • The United States secretly sent word to the People's Republic of China that it would disassociate itself from any further plans by Nationalist China (on the island of Taiwan) to invade and retake the mainland from the Communists. Although the U.S. and Communist China did not have diplomatic relations at the time, both had ambassadors in Poland.[122] In Warsaw, U.S. Ambassador John Moors Cabot spoke with China's Wang Ping-nan to communicate the decision, made on June 20. At the same time, the U.S. reiterated that it would defend Taiwan in the event of a Communist invasion.[123]
  • Don Newcombe, former Brooklyn Dodgers all-star pitcher, became the first Major League Baseball player to appear in a Japanese professional baseball game. The 36-year-old African-American debuted as a first baseman for the Chunichi Dragons of Nagoya, in a 5-4 win at Hiroshima over the Hiroshima Carp.[124] Larry Doby, who had been the second African-American in Major League Baseball, would join Newcombe on the Dragons as the second American to play Japanese baseball.[125]
  • Born: Shriti Vadera, Baroness Vadera, British investment banker and politician; to Gujarati Indian parents in Uganda

June 24, 1962 (Sunday)

June 25, 1962 (Monday)

  • İsmet İnönü of CHP formed the new government of Turkey (27th government, coalition partners; YTP and CKMP).
  • FRELIMO, the Frente de Libertação de Moçambique, was founded in Tanganyika by a merger of the National Democratic Union of Mozambique, the National Union for the Independence of Mozambique, and the National African Union of Mozambique, with Eduardo Mondlane as its first president. Mozambique would gain independence from Portugal on June 25, 1975, under the leadership of FRELIMO leader Samora Machel, on the 13th anniversary of the organization's founding.[128]
  • Actress Sophia Loren and her husband, producer Carlo Ponti, were ordered to stand trial on bigamy charges.[129]
  • Engel v. Vitale: The United States Supreme Court ruled, 6-1, that mandatory prayers in public schools were unconstitutional.[130] The suit had been filed after the school board of New Hyde Park, New York had ordered each class to start the school day with the prayer, "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our Country", under the recommendation of the state Board of Regents. The decision affected an estimated 39,000,000 public school students.[131]
  • In the case of MANual Enterprises v. Day, the United States Supreme Court ruled that photographs of nude men were not obscene, decriminalizing nude male pornographic magazines, and applying the same standard, for erotic magazines aimed at heterosexual readers, to homosexual readers.[132]
  • Gemini Project Office completed a thorough study of the reentry tracking histories of the first four Mercury crewed space missions. The study indicated that a C-band radar tracking beacon should be integrated into the spacecraft reentry section in place of the planned S-band beacon to improve tracking of spacecraft reentry through the Earth's ionization zone.[3]

June 26, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • The Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urundi, scheduled to become independent in five days, was split into two nations, by a 93-0 vote of the United Nations General Assembly. On July 1, the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi were created.[133]
  • A two-day steel strike began in Italy, in support of increased wages and a 5-day working week.
  • U.S. Representative Roy A. Taylor of North Carolina became the first member of Congress to propose a constitutional amendment to overcome the Supreme Court's ruling banning prayer in public schools. Miller's suggested 24th Amendment stated "Notwithstanding the 1st or 14th Article of Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, prayers may be offered and the Bible may be read in connection with the program of any public school in the United States."[134] In all, 56 Representatives and Senators offered amendments, none of which were approved for submission for ratification.[135]
  • Project Reef, an airdrop program to evaluate the Mercury 63-foot (19 m) ringsail main parachute's capability to support the higher spacecraft weight for the extended range or 1-day mission, was completed. Tests indicated that the parachute qualified to support the mission.[73]

June 27, 1962 (Wednesday)

  • After IBM rejected the idea of 32-year-old employee H. Ross Perot, to sell computer programs along with its equipment, Perot quit and invested $1,000 of his savings to create Electronic Data Systems (EDS). When Medicare was created in 1965, EDS contracted with two states to process the claims, turning the company into a multibillion-dollar corporation and making a billionaire of Perot.[136]
  • D. Brainerd Holmes, NASA Director of Manned Space Flight, announced that the Mercury 8 mission would be programmed for as many as six orbits. Wally Schirra was selected as the prime pilot, with Gordon Cooper serving as backup.[73] NASA announced that Dr. Eugene B. Konecci had been appointed as Director of Biotechnology and Human Research, to be responsible for directing development of future life support systems to protect humans in the space environment.[73]
  • The Gemini Project Office and McDonnell decided that the most useful Gemini-related test by the Mercury project would be of the heatshield materials and afterbody-shingle characteristics. Samples of the Gemini heatshield would later be flown satisfactorily on the Mercury 8 mission.[3]
  • Born:
  • Died: Maria Dermoût, 74, Dutch East Indies-born Dutch novelist

June 28, 1962 (Thursday)

June 29, 1962 (Friday)

June 30, 1962 (Saturday)

  • The last soldiers of the French Foreign Legion left Algeria.
  • Unrestricted immigration of British Empire subjects to the United Kingdom was curtailed as the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 took effect, putting a quota on how many government vouchers would be issued for each nation. Restrictions would become stricter in 1971.[142]
  • David Lawrence, founder and owner of the news magazine U.S. News & World Report, turned control over to the 285 employees who had been working there for at least one year.[143]
  • Martin-Baltimore's airborne systems functional test stand went into operation at Baltimore. In this 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) facility, all airborne systems in the Gemini launch vehicle - including flight control, hydraulic, electrical, instrumentation, and malfunction detection - were assembled on tables and benches, using actual engines, but simulated propellant tanks and guidance. The facility also was used to check system design changes and troubleshoot problems encountered in other test programs.[3] By the end of Fiscal Year 1962, Houston's Manned Spacecraft Center had 1,802 personnel.[73]
  • Born: Tony Fernández, Dominican MLB shortstop; in San Pedro de Macorís (d. 2020)
  • Died: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan, 60, American screenwriter who had created The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp television series, shot himself

References

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  2. Mandel, David (1991). Perestroika and the Soviet People: Rebirth of the Labour Movement. Black Rose Books. p. 7-8.
  3. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M.; Hacker, Barton C.; Vorzimmer, Peter J. "PART I (B) Concept and Design January 1962 through December 1962". Project Gemini Technology and Operations - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4002. NASA. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
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  47. "Dr. Dooley's Mother Accepts Son's Honor". Milwaukee Journal. June 7, 1962. p. 1.
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  55. James P. Lynch and Rita J. Simon, Immigration the World Over: Statutes, Policies, and Practices (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) p57
  56. Corfield, Justin J. (2009). The History of Cambodia. ABC-CLIO. p. 58.
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  89. Mark De Rond and Iain Morley, Serendipity: Fortune and the Prepared Mind (Cambridge University Press,2010) p77
  90. Eric M. Schlegel, Restless Universe: Understanding X-Ray Astronomy in the Age of Chandra and Newton (Oxford University Press, 2002) p19
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  92. "Prime Minister Named in Korea", Milwaukee Journal, June 18, 1962, p4
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  107. Rich, O. "Tacuara! White slavery and the Nazi Party in Buenos Aires". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
  108. Gutman, Daniel (17 January 2020). "Una cruz esvástica marcada en el pecho y la sombra de Eichmann: el estremecedor ataque a una joven judía" [A swastika marked on the chest and the shadow of Eichmann: the shocking attack on a young Jewish woman]. Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2020-09-11.
  109. "Argentine Nazis Kidnap Jewish Girl; Carve Swastika on Her Body". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 26 June 1962. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  110. "Tacuara salió a la calle" [Tacuara went out into the street]. Página/12 (in Spanish). May 15, 2005.
  111. Finchelstein, Federico (2014-03-21). The Ideological Origins of the Dirty War: Fascism, Populism, and Dictatorship in Twentieth Century Argentina. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-939650-4 via Google Books.
  112. Tanenbaum, Marc H. (2002). A Prophet for Our Time: An Anthology of the Writings of Rabbi Marc H. Tanenbaum. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-2230-8 via Google Books.
  113. "Lessons from Neshoba, 'Freedom Summer murders' 21 June 1964". 2 Tragic Cases in June 21 1964: African American Chaney with Jewish Schwerner and Goodman are murdered by KKK while helping for civil rights. In 1962, Nazi Tacuara attack 19 years old student, torture her and carve swastika on her breast as a "revenge" for killing Eichmann. Later on, Hitler's ally, the Mufti's right hand Shukairy (Shukeiri who prayed for Hitler's victory ... saluted Tacuara, and was fired over this.
  114. "The Clarion Herald". thecatholicnewsarchive.org. 6 August 1964. Retrieved 2020-09-11 via Catholic Research Resources Alliance. Jewish university student Graciela Sirota, was kidnapped and driven to an isolated place where swastikas were carved on her body She was beaten, brutally tortured, and left with a swastika.
  115. Young, Alvin L. (2009). The History, Use, Disposition and Environmental Fate of Agent Orange. Springer. pp. 193–194.
  116. "Inmate Dies After Assault in Pen Yard". The Atlanta Constitution. June 25, 1962.
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  118. "ANOTHER 707 JET CRASHES, 103 FEARED LOST ON ISLE". Miami News. June 22, 1962. p. 1.
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  122. "Reds Reportedly Warned By U.S.", Lewiston (ID) Morning Tribune , June 27, 1962, p1
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  125. "Yankees Tip Tigers, 9-7 In 22 Historic Innings", Windsor (ON) Star, June 25, 1962, p19
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  132. "Two Nations Get Freedom— Rwanda and Burundi". Milwaukee Journal. June 28, 1962. p. 17.
  133. "School Prayer Bill Offered In House— Would Amend Constitution". Miami News. June 26, 1962. p. 1.
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  135. Prestowitz, Clyde V. (2006). Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth And Power to the East. Basic Books. pp. 82–83.
  136. "4 Lutheran Churches Merge at Ceremony". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. June 29, 1962. p. 1.
  137. "$3.5 Million Libel Suit Won". Miami News. June 29, 1962. p. 5A.
  138. "Test of Pay-Television In Hartford Meets With Enthusiastic Reception". The Evening Sun. Baltimore. June 30, 1962. p. 1.
  139. "Pay Television Gets Major Test Tonight". Ocala Star-Banner. Ocala, Florida. June 29, 1962. p. 3.
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