Maʼanyan language

Ma'anyan
Ma'anyan
Pronunciation	[maʔaɲan]
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Kalimantan
Native speakers	150,000 (2003)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian East Barito Central–South Ma'anyan; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mhy
Glottolog	maan1238

Maanyan or Maʼanyan (also Maanjan or Maanyak Dayak) is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people (one of the Dayak peoples) living in the province of Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is closely related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
Plosive	voiced	b	d	ɟ	ɡ
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Fricative			s			h
Trill			r
Lateral			l
Approximant		w		j

/r/ can also be heard as a tap sound [ɾ].

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Open	ɛ	a

/i, u/ can be heard as [ɪ, ʊ] in closed syllables.[2]

Connection with Malagasy

The Malagasy language is an Austronesian language spoken in Madagascar. Malagasy is believed to have originated from the Southeast Barito language, and Ma'anyan is believed to be its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.[3][4] It is known that Ma'anyan people were brought as labourers and slaves by Malay and Javanese people in their trading fleets, which reached Madagascar by ca. 50–500 AD.[5][6][7] There is high lexical similarity with other East Barito languages like Paku (77%) and Dusun Witu (75%).

Vocabulary

Vocabulary comparison between Malay, Banjarese, Ma'anyan, and Malagasy.

Malay	Banjarese	Ma'anyan	Malagasy	English
monyet	warik	warik	varika ('lemur')	monkey
bemban	bamban	waman
bulian	balian	wadian
patih	patih	patis		regent
lama	lawas	lawah	lava	long (as in time)
kawan	kawal	kawal/hengau	namana	friend
obat	tatamba	tatamba	tambavy	medicine
senang	aray	aray	ravo	happy, easy
masih	magun	pagun	manangona ('to accumulate')	to keep ...ing
arya	aria	uria
demang	damang	damhong		spider

References

Ma'anyan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Gudai, Darmansyah (1988). A Grammar of Maanyan, A Language of Central Kalimantan. Australian National University.
Dahl, Otto Christian (1951). Malgache et maanjan: une comparaison linguistique. Egede-Instituttet Avhandlinger, no. 3 (in French). Oslo: Egede-Instituttet. p. 13.
There are also some Sulawesi loanwords, which Adelaar attributes to contact prior to the migration to Madagascar: See Adelaar, K. Alexander (2006). "The Indonesian Migrations to Madagascar: Making Sense of the Multidisciplinary Evidence". In Truman Simanjuntak; Ingrid Harriet Eileen Pojoh; Muhammad Hisyam (eds.). Austronesian Diaspora and the Ethnogeneses of People in Indonesian Archipelago. Jakarta: Indonesian Institute of Sciences. pp. 8–9.
Dewar, Robert E.; Wright, Henry T. (1993). "The Culture History of Madagascar". Journal of World Prehistory. 7 (4): 417–466. doi:10.1007/bf00997802. hdl:2027.42/45256.
Burney, David A.; Burney, Lida Pigott; Godfrey, Laurie R.; Jungers, William L.; Goodman, Steven M.; Wright, Henry T.; Jull, A. J. Timothy (2004). "A Chronology for Late Prehistoric Madagascar". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (1–2): 25–63. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005. PMID 15288523.
Kumar, Ann (2012). "Dominion Over Palm and Pine: Early Indonesia's Maritime Reach". In Wade, Geoff (ed.). Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 101–122.

Gudai, Darmansyah H. (1985). A Grammar of Maanyan: A Language of Central Kalimantan (PhD thesis). The Australian National University. doi:10.25911/5D763957026A1. hdl:1885/10904.

External links

Ma'anyan language and grammar (in Ma'anyan)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[e18-1] Ma'anyan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Gudai, Darmansyah (1988). A Grammar of Maanyan, A Language of Central Kalimantan. Australian National University.

[3] Dahl, Otto Christian (1951). Malgache et maanjan: une comparaison linguistique. Egede-Instituttet Avhandlinger, no. 3 (in French). Oslo: Egede-Instituttet. p. 13.

[4] There are also some Sulawesi loanwords, which Adelaar attributes to contact prior to the migration to Madagascar: See Adelaar, K. Alexander (2006). "The Indonesian Migrations to Madagascar: Making Sense of the Multidisciplinary Evidence". In Truman Simanjuntak; Ingrid Harriet Eileen Pojoh; Muhammad Hisyam (eds.). Austronesian Diaspora and the Ethnogeneses of People in Indonesian Archipelago. Jakarta: Indonesian Institute of Sciences. pp. 8–9.

[Dewar19932-5] Dewar, Robert E.; Wright, Henry T. (1993). "The Culture History of Madagascar". Journal of World Prehistory. 7 (4): 417–466. doi:10.1007/bf00997802. hdl:2027.42/45256.

[Burney20042-6] Burney, David A.; Burney, Lida Pigott; Godfrey, Laurie R.; Jungers, William L.; Goodman, Steven M.; Wright, Henry T.; Jull, A. J. Timothy (2004). "A Chronology for Late Prehistoric Madagascar". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (1–2): 25–63. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005. PMID 15288523.

[7] Kumar, Ann (2012). "Dominion Over Palm and Pine: Early Indonesia's Maritime Reach". In Wade, Geoff (ed.). Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 101–122.