Toraja-Saʼdan language

Toraja-Saʼdan (also Toraja, Saʼdan, South Toraja) is an Austronesian language spoken in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It shares the name Taeʼ with East Toraja. Most of the Toraja language mapping was done by Dutch missionaries working in Sulawesi, such as Nicolaus Adriani and Hendrik van der Veen.

Toraja-Saʼdan
Saʼdan
Native toIndonesia
RegionSulawesi
Native speakers
750,000 (2000 census)[1]
Dialects
  • Makale
  • Rantepao
  • West Toraja
Language codes
ISO 639-3sda
Glottologtora1261

Phonology

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a
Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t () k ʔ
voiced b d () ɡ
Fricative s (h)
Rhotic r
Lateral l
Approximant w j

Sounds [tʃ, dʒ] are heard from Indonesian loanwords. /h/ only rarely occurs.

In final position, only /n/, /ŋ/, /k/ and /ʔ/ can occur.[2]

References

  1. Toraja-Saʼdan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Sande, J. S.; Stokhof, W. A. L. (1977). "On the Phonology of the Toraja Kesuʔ Dialect" (PDF). In Ignatius Suharno (ed.). Miscellaneous Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia, Part IV. NUSA 5. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA. pp. 19–34.

Further reading

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