Myxococcaceae

Myxococcaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria.[1] The family Myxococcaceae covers the best explored and studied myxobacteria with a wide scope of research. This family of bacteria are ubiquitously found in soils, marine, and freshwater environments. Societal uses of the microbial family are currently being developed and implemented in human health fields.

Myxococcaceae
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Myxococcota
Class: Myxococcia
Order: Myxococcales
Family: Myxococcaceae
Jahn 1924
Genera
Synonyms
  • Archangiaceae Jahn 1924
  • Cystobacteraceae McCurdy 1970

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[3]

16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[4][5][6] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[7][8][9]
 
 

Stigmatella Berkeley & Curtis 1857 ex Berkeley & Curtis 1875

 
 
 
 

Cystobacter gracilis

 
 

Hyalangium Reichenbach 2007

 
 
 
 

Simulacricoccus Garcia & Muller 2018

 
 
 

Aggregicoccus Sood et al. 2015

 
 
 
 
 

Vitiosangium Awal et al. 2017

 
 

Archanigium Jahn et al. 1924

 
 
 
 
 

Cystobacter miniatus

 
 

Melittangium Jahn 1924

 
 
 

Cystobacter Schroeter 1886

 
 
 
 
 

Citreicoccus Zhou et al. 2022

 
 
 

Corallococcus Reichenbach 2007

 
 

Myxococcus Thaxter 1892

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Aggregicoccus

 
 
 
 

Archanigium

 
 
 

Melittangium

 
 

Cystobacter

 
 
 
 
 
 

Hyalangium

 
 

Stigmatella

 
 
 
 

Myxococcus

 
 

Corallococcus

 
 
 
 
 

Morphology and Behavior

Cells can be motile with gliding and swarming behavior. Vegetative cell shape in the Myxococcaceae family are long rods varying in size between members. Most common fruiting body morphs are soft hump and knob shaped with possible colors of yellow, peach, white, or orange depending on species. Myxococcaceae are spore producing bacteria and are delineated phylogenetically with their spore shape. The myxospores are oval to round in shape and are optically refractive.[10] Quorum sensing (QS) behavior is limited in this family. However, there is evidence that some members of the family produce molecules that interrupt QS of other microbes, behavior potentially useful in predation. [11]

Relevance

Progressing to the order of Myxococcales in the family Myxococcaceae, particular bacteria in this order have been the subject of initial feats of science. The first genome to be sequenced, primary observation of plasmid replication, and the first discovery of bacteriophage are among the most notable instances. Members of the Myxococcaceae produce a wide range of secondary metabolites having useful functions and applications. Compounds with anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, and in rare cases, anti-HIV activities have been isolated from the Myxococcaceae family.[10]

See also

References
  1. Skerman VBD et al. (1980) Skerman, V.B.D., McGowan, V., and Sneath, P.H.A. (editors). "Approved lists of bacterial names." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1980) 30. pp. 225-420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225
  2. J.P. Euzéby. "Myxococcaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  3. Sayers; et al. "Cystobacterineae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  4. "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  5. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  6. "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  7. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  8. "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  9. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  10. Garcia, Ronald; Müller, Rolf (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen; Stackebrandt, Erko (eds.), "The Family Myxococcaceae", The Prokaryotes: Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 191–212, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_303#sec15,%20isbn%20978-3-642-39044-9,%20retrieved%202022-10-17, ISBN 978-3-642-39044-9, retrieved 2022-10-30
  11. Whitworth, David E.; Zwarycz, Allison (2020-11-06). "A Genomic Survey of Signalling in the Myxococcaceae". Microorganisms. 8 (11): 1739. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111739. ISSN 2076-2607.
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