COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Abkhazia[lower-alpha 1] in April 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationAbkhazia
Index caseGagra
Arrival date7 April 2020
(2 years, 6 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Confirmed cases28,276 (as of 6 October 2021)[1]
Recovered23,150
Deaths
421
Government website
https://minzdrav.apsny.land/

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[2][3]

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[4][5] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[6][4]

Timeline

March 2020

On 28 March, the Acting President closed the border on the river Psou to Russia for foreign citizens and stateless persons.[7] On 30 March, a case was confirmed in a person who arrived from Moscow, Russia.[8] The test, however, was conducted in Zugdidi, Georgia, where the patient is being treated. Abkhazia itself had no confirmed cases at the time.[9]

April 2020

On 7 April, the first case was confirmed. The infected patient arrived in Gagra, Abkhazia's westernmost town, after having returned from a trip to Moscow.[10] Later, on 8 April, the second case was confirmed, caused by the first case.[11] On 11 April, a third case was confirmed, caused by the first two cases.[12]

On 26 April, the first death from the virus was confirmed in Gudauta. The patient was the third confirmed case back on 11 April.[13]

May 2020

On 8 May, four more cases were confirmed, all being cadets from Russian military academies who arrived in Sukhumi several days before and were undergoing quarantine, bringing the total of confirmed cases to seven.[14] The following day, two more cases were confirmed, both also being cadets, bringing the total to nine.[15] On 11 May, one more case was confirmed, bringing the total to 10.[16] On 12 May, three more cases were confirmed, bringing the total to 13.[17] On 13 May, two more cases were confirmed, bringing the total to 15.[18]

Two more cases were confirmed on 14 May, one being a Russian university student, and the other being a serviceman from Dagestan stationed in Gudauta, bringing the total to 17.[19] On 17 May, a family of three tested positive for the virus in Sokhumi, bringing the total to 20.[20] On 19 May, four more people tested positive, all Russian students who had recently returned to Abkhazia, bringing the total to 24.[21] On 20 May, one more case was confirmed in a cadet at a Russian military academy, bringing the total to 25.[22] On 22 May, three more cases were confirmed, all in cadets from Russian military academies, bringing the total to 28.[23]

June 2020

As of 9 June, 36 cases had been identified, eight of which had been hospitalized.[24]

August 2020

On August 1, the Abkhaz government re-opened the border to Russia. In the following weeks, the infection rate rose from 32 in late July to 121 on August 18.[25]

September 2020

As of 17 September, a total of 782 people in Abkhazia had been infected with COVID-19 and 7 had died.[26]

October 2020

In October, Abkhaz Defence Minister Vladimir Anua asked Russia to deploy a military field hospital in Abkhazia in order to cope with the pandemic. The request was granted.[27][28]

November 2020

During his visit in Moscow, Abkhaz president Aslan Bzhania met with Hazret Sovmen, the former president of the Republic of Adygea. Sovmen promised Bzhania 50 million rubles ($631,000) to Abkhazia to fight the coronavirus.[29]

December 2020

During another visit in Moscow, Abkhaz president Aslan Bzhania secured the sending of a batch of the Russian vaccine Sputnik V to Abkhazia.[30]

January 2021

In January 2021, five hundred doses of the two-dose Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine have been delivered to a Russian military base in Abkhazia.[31]

February 2021

In early February, a deputy of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia announced, that Sputnik V is expected to arrive in Abkhazia in February or March 2021.[32]

Response

Abkhazia is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus, recognised by Russia and a few other countries as an independent state, but regarded by most of international actors as part of Georgia, which consider the area—together with fellow breakaway entity South Ossetia—as Russian-occupied territory. Early in the pandemic, senior Georgian government officials called on the WHO and other international organisations to provide support to people living in the two breakaways. They said Georgia would not block movement to and from the regions. Unlike South Ossetia, Abkhazia cooperated to a degree with Georgia, allowing dozens of people to make use of medical services in the Tbilisi-controlled territory, and with international organisations, with the UN Development Programme providing much-needed basic medical supplies and sanitisers. Russia supplied some 500 COVID-19 test kits and sent soldiers to support disinfection of public places. A curfew was in place for nearly a month but was eased late in April 2020.[33]

According to the International Crisis Group, the situation in Abkhazia presents several vulnerabilities. Abkhazia suffers from weak infrastructure and underequipped medical facilities, lacks medical professionals and has an ageing population, with nearly 20% of residents over 60 years of age. Nearly 80% of medical personnel are themselves at high risk, being in their 60s or older.[33]

Footnotes
  1. The political status of Abkhazia is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Georgia in 1992, Abkhazia is formally recognised as an independent state by 5 UN member states (two other state recognised it but then withdrew its recognition), while Georgia continues to claim it as part of its own territory, designating it as Russian-occupied territory.

References
  1. "The latest COVID-19 numbers from the Caucasus". 25 June 2020.
  2. Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  3. Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  4. "Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  5. "High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  6. "World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". www.wfsahq.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  7. "The Acting President signed the Order on closing of the state border along the Psou River for foreign citizens and stateless persons". Foreign Ministry of Abkhazia. 28 March 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  8. "First Abkhazia Resident Tests Positive for Coronavirus". Civil Georgia. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  9. "Коронавирус побывал в Абхазии транзитом?". Эхо Кавказа (in Russian). 31 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  10. "COVID-19: Abkhazia Reports First Case of Coronavirus". Civil Georgia. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  11. "Оперштаб: в Республике Абхазия выявлено двое заболевших коронавирусом" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  12. "Оперштаб: в республике 3 подтвержденных случая заболевания коронавирусом" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  13. "В Гудаутской больнице скончалась пациентка 1925 года рождения" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 26 April 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  14. "Оперштаб: диагноз коронавирус подтвержден у четырёх человек" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  15. "Оперштаб: ещё у двух студентов, прибывших из РФ, подтвердился диагноз коронавирус" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 8 May 2020. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  16. "Оперштаб: из 17 человек, прошедших тестирование, коронавирус подтвержден у одного" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 11 May 2020. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  17. "Оперштаб: за сутки тестирование прошли 39 человек, у троих подтвердился коронавирус" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  18. "Еще двое инфицированных" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  19. "Еще двое: коронавирус выявлен у курсанта и военнослужащего 7-ой военной российской базы в Гудауте" (in Russian). Apsnypress. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  20. "Еще у троих граждан Абхазии подтвержден Covid-19" (in Russian). abh-n.ru. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  21. "Выявлены четыре новых случая Covid-19" (in Russian). abh-n.ru. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  22. "У еще одного абхазского курсанта российского военного вуза подтвержден COVID – 19" (in Russian). abh-n.ru. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  23. "Уже 28: еще у троих граждан выявлен Covid-19" (in Russian). abh-n.ru. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  24. "Восемь граждан с Covid-19 находятся в Гудаутском госпитале". abh-n.ru. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  25. "Abkhazia calls for volunteers to help with COVID outbreak". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  26. "Headquarters: 26 people were diagnosed with COVID-19". apsnypress.info. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  27. ""The president is to blame for every second death." Why Abkhazia is asking for Russia's help in the fight against the pandemic". jam-news.net. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  28. "Russian military medics continue to treat patients in a mobile multidisciplinary hospital deployed in Abkhazia for patients with coronavirus infection". eng.mil.ru. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  29. "Ex-President of Adygea Allocates 50 Million Rubles to Abkhazia to Fight COVID-19". abkhazworld.com. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  30. "RUSSIA WILL HELP ABKHAZIA WITH CORONAVIRUS VACCINE". apsnypress.info. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  31. "Russia delivers 500 doses of Sputnik V vaccine to military base in Abkhazia". in.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  32. "It has become known when Abkhazia can receive the Sputnik V vaccine". abkhazworld.com. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  33. "The COVID-19 Challenge in Post-Soviet Breakaway Statelets". Crisis Group. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
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