COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark

From late January to early February, several groups of Danish citizens were evacuated from China. All were placed in quarantine and tested; none were infected.[15]

At the very end of February, three men tested positive for the virus. On 27 February 2020, Denmark confirmed its first case, a man from Roskilde who had been skiing in Lombardy, Italy and returned to Denmark on 24 February.[1][16] The next day, a man in Copenhagen tested positive.[17] He had been skiing in Italy two weeks earlier, and the relatively long time period made it difficult to determine whether the virus had spread from him to others in that time.[18][19] On 29 February, a man in Aarhus tested positive; he was believed to have been infected at a medical conference in Germany.[20][21]

1 March

On 1 March, a person who was already in home quarantine was tested positive. The person had been in contact with the man tested positive on 28 February.[22]

3 March

On 3 March, five people that had visited northern Italy and one person that had visited Iran were tested positive for COVID-19. All six were placed in home quarantine.[23][24]

4 March

On 4 March, there were four more cases confirmed in Denmark and the first confirmed case was reported from the Faroe Islands (an autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark), bringing the total number of confirmed cases to fifteen. All the new cases were placed in home quarantine.[25] The case in the Faroe Islands was a man with mild symptoms that had returned home from a conference in Paris, France.[26]

5 March

On 5 March, there were five new confirmed cases.[27] One of the cases was former Danish national football player Thomas Kahlenberg, who had been infected at a birthday party in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This forced the Danish clubs Brøndby and Lyngby, and the Dutch club Ajax to place some of their players and coaches, who had recently met with Kahlenberg, into quarantine.[28] Kahlenberg described his symptoms as similar to a flu, and he was placed in home quarantine.[29] On the same date, the first Dane that had been confirmed infected on 27 February also became the first Dane to be declared fully recovered.[30]

6 March

On 6 March, there were three new confirmed cases, including one in the Faroe Islands (the second case for this archipelago).[31]

7 March

On 7 March, there were six new confirmed cases.[32] Most Danes confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 had contracted it abroad, and they had infected a few people in Denmark (there had been no person-to-person spread within Denmark where the source was unknown).[33]

8 March

On 8 March, there were eight new confirmed cases, including a patient first admitted to North Zealand Hospital Hillerød with symptoms resembling pneumonia.[34] Another mild case where the patient was placed in home quarantine was the first person confirmed to have COVID-19 in the North Jutland Region, meaning that all five regions of Denmark now had cases.[35]

9 March

On 9 March, there were 53 new confirmed cases, bringing the total in Denmark to 90. Among all those infected, six were in hospital, but none of them required intensive care.[36]

10 March

On 10 March, there were 172 new cases, bringing the total in Denmark to 262. Among the new cases was one patient admitted to hospital, bringing the total to seven.[37]

11 March

On 11 March, there were 252 new cases, bringing the total in Denmark to 514.[38] One of the cases, who likely had become infected at a meeting where another attendee was infected, caused particular concern because the person worked in a nursing home. As a result, the elderly at the nursing home were isolated in their own rooms, they were closely monitored, and tests were being performed.[39] Among all the infected people in Denmark, ten patients were in hospital, including two in intensive care.[38]

Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen announced major restrictions on this day, asking Danes to act with a sense of collective responsibility and community spirit in the face of coming hardships.[40]

12 March

On 12 March, there were 160 new confirmed cases, bringing the total in Denmark to 674.[41] Among these were two at the nursing home where the elderly had been isolated and closely monitored since the day before because an employee was tested positive.[42] On the same date, former footballer Thomas Kahlenberg announced that he had been declared fully recovered, making him the second publicly known recovery in the country.[43] Whereas many early cases were related to people returning from ski holiday in northern Italy, many cases discovered later were related to people returning from ski holiday in Tyrol in Austria.[44] An 80-year-old man with a history of heart disease tested positive after having a heart attack and dying in the North Jutland Region. Although unclear whether the virus had played a role in it,[45] the authorities counted it as the first fatality related to COVID-19 in Denmark.[46]

13 March

On 13 March, there were 127 new confirmed cases, bringing the total in Denmark to 801.[47] In addition, the Faroe Islands had their third confirmed case.[48] Among all the infected people in Denmark, 23 were in hospital, including 4 in intensive care.[49]

14 March

On 14 March, there were 26 new confirmed cases in Denmark, bringing the total to 827.[50] Another 6 were confirmed in the Faroe Islands, bringing the total to 9 in this archipelago.[51] The second person died from COVID-19 in Denmark, in the Capital Region. It was an 81-year-old that was already weakened due to other serious diseases.[46]

6 April

On 6 April, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen announced what she called the "first phase" of the reopening of Denmark:[52] she announced that nurseries and kindergartens would be opened again on 15 April and that folkeskole would be reopened for pupils in years 1–6 (Danish: 0.-5. klasse);[52] furthermore, the final exams for pupils in year 10 (Danish: 9. klasse), the last year of the folkeskole, were cancelled.[52] Restaurants, cafés and hairdressers were to remain closed until 10 May, and larger gatherings will be prohibited until September.[52]

10 April

The Danish Health Authority changed its guideline to say that asymptomatic people can transmit the disease, from saying that the risk was "unconfirmed" or "very small" to "significant". As documented by the Danish newspaper Berlingske, there has long been consensus among experts that this was indeed the case (and it had long been widely reported common knowledge), and the health authority was unable or unwilling to defend their previous claim.[53] It had previously been strongly criticized that workers in a retirement home were asked to continue working after having had contact with sick persons, again against all expert advice, and apparently because of Danish Health Authority guidelines.[54]

On 12 May, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen announced a new offensive testing strategy, which aims to "strengthen the contact tracing".[55] The national testing strategy is based on three essential elements: testing, tracing and isolation.[55] The new testing strategy takes a more aggressive approach with broader testing of both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.[56] The new testing strategy also charge the local municipalities with providing holiday centres, hotels or the like, as a voluntary offer of self-isolation.

As a part of new offensive testing strategy, the Prime Minister presented a new government agency.[57] The agency will be organized under the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry of Justice said that experience in dealing with COVID-19 in Denmark shows that there is a need for a consistent and transverse coordination and support of government efforts, for example to ensure the supply of socially critical infrastructure.[58] The implementation of the new offensive test strategy, the detection of infection and better possibilities for self-isolation require a massive support from, among other things, the use of the test-system, security of supply and practical operation. At the same time, there is a need for health authorities in such a situation to focus on the core tasks of health care. In order to strengthen more permanently the overall regulatory effort, this new government agency was established.[59] The agency is expected to be fully operational in August 2020.[60]

Masks/face shields become mandatory in public transport.[61]

The mask mandate gets extended to most public places.[62]

On 4 November, it was announced that all mink nationwide were being slaughtered due to reports that a mutated SARS-CoV-2 virus was being passed from mink to humans via mink farms, and that at least 12 human infections had been discovered in Northern Jutland. While the State Serum Institute (SSI, Statens Serum Institut) suggested that this mutation was no more dangerous than other coronaviruses, SSI head Kåre Mølbak warned that the mutation could impact the development and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.[63][64] On 5 November, it was announced that a new lockdown and movement restrictions would be implemented in seven municipalities of Northern Jutland beginning 6 November.[65][64]

As of 12 April, there have been 237,792 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 2,441 deaths.[66]

Danish Health Authority announced on 14 April they ceased using the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine over concerns of serious side effects.[67]

On 29 June, health minister Magnus Heunicke announced that the government bought 1.17 million COVID-19 vaccines from Romania.[68]

The government agrees to phase out the requirement of masks in public.[69]

The mask mandate gets reinforced along with several other restrictions.[70]

As of January 21, 1,319,695 cases have been confirmed. Cases reach an all-time high of 20-40 thousand daily cases throughout most of January.[71][72]

On February 1, 2022, most restrictions were lifted, with authorities stating that the virus was no longer a "critical threat".[73]

An empty yeast tray at a supermarket in Odense, Denmark, on 17 March 2020. Following the announcement of a general lockdown, there was large-scale panic buying of yeast, including both dry yeast and the shorter-lived fresh variety.[102][103]

New cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Denmark (+Faroe Islands & Greenland) showing lockdown (semi-log scale)[104]

Starting on 13 March 2020, all people working in non-essential functions in the public sector were ordered to stay home for two weeks.[4] These restrictions were announced with an acknowledgement that the circumstances would be difficult, and Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen urged Danes to practice samfundssind (roughly, community-mindedness).[40] The first documented use of this Danish word was in the 1936, and the then-Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning used the term to call for solidarity at the outbreak of World War II in Europe.[40]

In the private sector, employers were urged by the authorities to allow their employees to stay home in the same period and work from there if possible, although this should not affect functions that are essential to the society (such as pharmacy workers and people working with sale of food and maintenance of critical infrastructure).[105]

On that same date, all secondary education (like gymnasiums), universities, libraries, indoor cultural institutions and similar places were closed, initially for two weeks. Starting on 16 March, all primary schools, daycare and similar places were also closed for two weeks.[4] Virtual (online) schooling was used to some degree.[106] The municipalities are establishing limited daycare for children where the parents could not stay home and take care of them. Because of the vulnerability of elderly to COVID-19, it was strongly recommended that grandparents should not take care of their grandchildren.[107]

Starting on 18 March at 10:00 AM, a number of further restrictions were activated: it became illegal to assemble more than ten people in public, all shopping centres and stores with close contact such as hairdressers and nightclubs must be closed, restaurants can only serve take-away, and other businesses must ensure that there is enough space between customers.[108]

Unlike previous restrictions on the number of people allowed to assemble, the new restrictions were not merely a recommendation, and breaking the new restrictions was associated with fines of DKK1500.[108][109]

In late March, authorities acknowledged that the strategy of mitigation had partially worked, but had been less successful than the mass testing in China and South Korea.[110] Efforts were increased for immediate testing (at Novo Nordisk),[111] mass testing[112] and local rapid testing for individuals.[113]

The Danish Foreign Ministry has changed its travel guidelines several times during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the peak of the outbreak on the Chinese mainland, Iran, the regions of Aosta Valley, Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Piedmont and Veneto in Italy, Ischgl in Tyrol of Austria, and San Marino, all travel to these places was advised against, and during the peak in the rest of Italy, the rest of Tyrol in Austria, Madrid, Basque Country and La Rioja in Spain, parts of Germany, parts of France, parts of Switzerland, and Daegu City and North Gyeongsang Province (also known as Gyeongbuk) in South Korea, all non-essential travel to these places was advised against. On 13 March, all non-essential travel to the rest of the world was advised against because of the spread of the outbreak, restrictions introduced on foreign visitors (for example, restrictions of flights or forced quarantine), their healthcare system's ability to handle a major outbreak or other reasons indirectly related to the COVID-19 pandemic.[114][115][116][117][118] On 13 March, the authorities recommended that all Danes that were abroad (excluding Danes that live abroad) return to Denmark as soon as possible.[115][119] From 14 March to 13 April, all Danish borders were closed, with exceptions made solely for the transport of goods, people with an important reason for visiting, foreigners leaving Denmark, and Danes and people with a residence permit returning to Denmark.[120][121]

On 3 March, the Danish government required all healthcare workers (in addition to nursing home workers) who had travelled to a high-risk region to self-quarantine themselves for 14 days after returning to Denmark; this was done to reduce the risk of vulnerable people getting infected.[122] As of 9 March, the list of high-risk regions included mainland China, part of South Korea, Iran, Italy and the Austrian state of Tyrol.[123] Other people who had visited these high-risk areas were advised against visiting hospitals or nursing homes for 14 days after returning to Denmark (and people who suspected that they had been infected were urged to call their personal doctor or the doctor-on-call (Danish: Lægevagten) for further instructions[124]), and it was recommended—but not required—that they also stay home from work for 14 days.[125] This recommendation was supported by the employers' organisations in the country, such as the Confederation of Danish Industry and the Danish Chamber of Commerce.[126][127] Kommunernes Landsforening, which represents the municipalities in Denmark, made similar recommendations for all children that had visited a high-risk region; it recommended that they stay home from school, kindergarten, daycare and similar places for 14 days after returning to Denmark.[128] Foreigners that arrive in Denmark from a high-risk region were urged—but not required—by the authorities to follow the same guidelines as Danes, and localities for quarantining were made available for people that did not already have a suitable locality.[129]

Starting on 9 March, passengers on flights that originated in a high-risk region were not given access to Danish airport buildings, but instead were picked up directly from the plane and transported by special buses that could drive them to their home or other locality of quarantine.[129][130] From 11 March onwards, all flights from high-risk regions were cancelled.[131]

The postal service suspended international mail outside the European Union to all but 17 countries due to lack of transportation, and suspended gathering of signatures on delivery.[132]