Dirithromycin

Dirithromycin is a macrolide glycopeptide antibiotic.[1]

Dirithromycin
Clinical data
Trade namesDynabac
AHFS/Drugs.comMicromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlusa604026
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • B
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability10%
Protein binding15 to 30%
MetabolismHyrolized to erythromycyclamine in 1.5 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (2R,3R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10R,12R,13S,15R,17S)-9-{[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-ethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-7-{[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-15-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-2,6,8,10,12,17-hexamethyl-4,16-dioxa-14-azabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecan-5-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.152.704
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC42H78N2O14
Molar mass835.086 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point186 to 189 °C (367 to 372 °F) (dec.)
SMILES
  • O=C4O[C@@H]([C@](O)(C)[C@H]1O[C@@H](N[C@H]([C@@H]1C)[C@H](C)C[C@](O)(C)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@H](N(C)C)[C@H]2O)[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@](OC)(C)C3)[C@H]4C)C)COCCOC)CC
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C42H78N2O14/c1-15-29-42(10,49)37-24(4)32(43-30(56-37)21-52-17-16-50-13)22(2)19-40(8,48)36(58-39-33(45)28(44(11)12)18-23(3)53-39)25(5)34(26(6)38(47)55-29)57-31-20-41(9,51-14)35(46)27(7)54-31/h22-37,39,43,45-46,48-49H,15-21H2,1-14H3/t22-,23-,24+,25+,26-,27+,28+,29-,30-,31+,32+,33-,34+,35+,36-,37+,39+,40-,41-,42-/m1/s1 Y
  • Key:WLOHNSSYAXHWNR-NXPDYKKBSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Dirithromycin (Dynabac) is a more lipid-soluble prodrug derivative of 9S-erythromycyclamine prepared by condensation of the latter with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetaldehyde. The 9N, 11O-oxazine ring thus formed is a hemi-aminal that is unstable under both acidic and alkaline aqueous conditions and undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis to form erythromycyclamine. Erythromycyclamine is a semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin in which the 9-ketogroup of the erythronolide ring has been converted to an amino group. Erythromycyclamine retains the antibacterial properties of erythromycin oral administration. The prodrug, dirithromycin, is provided as enteric coated tablets to protect it from acid catalyzed hydrolysis in the stomach. Orally administered dirithromycin is absorbed rapidly into the plasma, largely from the small intestine. Spontaneous hydrolysis to erythromycyclamine occurs in the plasma. Oral bioavailability is estimated to be about 10%, but food does not affect absorption of the prodrug.

Discontinuation

Dirithromycin is no longer available in the United States.[2] Since the production of dirithromycin is discontinued in the U.S, National Institutes of Health recommend that people taking dirithromycin should consult their physicians to discuss switching to another treatment.[3] However, dirithromycin is still available in many European countries.

References
  1. McConnell SA, Amsden GW (April 1999). "Review and comparison of advanced-generation macrolides clarithromycin and dirithromycin". Pharmacotherapy. 19 (4): 404–15. doi:10.1592/phco.19.6.404.31054. PMID 10212011.
  2. "Dynabac Drug Details". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
  3. "Dirithromycin". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. January 1, 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-03-29. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
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