Idarubicin

Idarubicin /ˌaɪdəˈruːbɪsɪn/ or 4-demethoxydaunorubicin is an anthracycline antileukemic drug. It inserts[1] itself into DNA and prevents DNA unwinding by interfering with the enzyme topoisomerase II. It is an analog of daunorubicin, but the absence of a methoxy group increases its fat solubility and cellular uptake.[2] Similar to other anthracyclines, it also induces histone eviction from chromatin.[3]

Idarubicin
Clinical data
Other names9-acetyl-7-(4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa691004
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding97%
Elimination half-life22 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (1S,3S)-3-acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxo-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H27NO9
Molar mass497.500 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • O=C2c1c(O)c5c(c(O)c1C(=O)c3ccccc23)C[C@@](O)(C(=O)C)C[C@@H]5O[C@@H]4O[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](N)C4)C
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C26H27NO9/c1-10-21(29)15(27)7-17(35-10)36-16-9-26(34,11(2)28)8-14-18(16)25(33)20-19(24(14)32)22(30)12-5-3-4-6-13(12)23(20)31/h3-6,10,15-17,21,29,32-34H,7-9,27H2,1-2H3/t10-,15-,16-,17-,21+,26-/m0/s1 Y
  • Key:XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Y
  (verify)

It belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.

It is currently combined with cytosine arabinoside as a first line treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

It is used for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis.[4]

It is distributed under the trade names Zavedos (UK) and Idamycin (USA).

Side effects

Diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting are common among patients treated with idarubicin.[5]

References
  1. Miller JP, Stoodley RJ (2013). "Studies directed towards anthracyclinone syntheses: The use of d-glucose as a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions". J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 17: 29–42. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2011.02.019.
  2. Package insert
  3. Pang B, Qiao X, Janssen L, Velds A, Groothuis T, Kerkhoven R, Nieuwland M, Ovaa H, Rottenberg S, van Tellingen O, Janssen J, Huijgens P, Zwart W, Neefjes J (2013). "Drug-induced histone eviction from open chromatin contributes to the chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin". Nature Communications. 4: 1908. doi:10.1038/ncomms2921. PMC 3674280. PMID 23715267.
  4. Katzung, Bertram G., editor. (2017-11-30). Basic & clinical pharmacology. ISBN 9781259641152. OCLC 1009849139. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. "Idarubicin Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2019-06-21.


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