Pegaspargase

Pegaspargase, sold under the brand name Oncaspar, is a medication used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).[2] Often it is used together with anthracycline, vincristine, and corticosteroids (for example prednisone and dexamethasone).[3] Pegaspargase can be administered either via an intravenous infusion or a intramuscular injection.[3]

Pegaspargase
Clinical data
Pronunciation/pəˈɡæspərɡeɪz/
Trade namesOncaspar
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa695031
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • EU: Rx-only [1]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • Pegylated E. coli L-asparagine amidohydrolase
CAS Number
DrugBank
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC1377H2208N382O442S17
Molar mass31732.06 g·mol−1
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Known side effects include allergic reactions, coagulopathy, high blood sugar, affected liver function, pancreas inflammation, and blood clots in the brain.[3] There is no data regarding the usage of pegaspargase during pregnancy.[4] Therefor caution should be observed and pegaspargase should only be used during pregnancy when the benefits outweigh the possible risks.

Pegaspargase is a modified version of the enzyme asparaginase which has undergone PEGylation.[5][3] It works by breaking down the amino acid asparagine that are circulating in the bloodstream.[3] The circulating asparagine is essential for the cancer cells to enable growth since they can't produce their own, in contrast to normal cells.[6] The normal cells are therefor less affected by pegaspargase.

Pegaspargase was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is made by Sigma-Tau.[3]

References
  1. "Oncaspar EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  2. Graham ML (2003). "Pegaspargase: a review of clinical studies". Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 55 (10): 1293–302. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(03)00110-8. PMID 14499708.
  3. "Pegaspargase Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  4. "Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  5. "UNM Cancer Center". Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
  6. "DailyMed - oncaspar- pegaspargase injection, solution for intramuscular and intravenous use". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  7. World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  • "Pegaspargase". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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