候

候 (radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人中弓大 (OLNK), four-corner 2723₄, composition ⿲亻丨⿱ユ矢)

• 𤠣, 𥱌, 𦃺, 𩌖, 𩺟, 𬑟, 𬫺

• KangXi: page 108, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 775
• Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 178, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5019

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 矦 (OC *ɡoː).

候

1. to reconnoitre; to scout
2. to observe; to survey
3. to wait for; to await
4. to respectfully await
5. to visit; to send one's respects to
6. to wait on; to attend to; to take care of
7. to forecast; to predict (by divination)
8. (historical) scout; lookout; vanguard
9. (historical) Alternative form of 堠 (“fortress”).
10. (historical) official
11. (historical) posthouse; station
12. (historical) ancient time unit composed of five days
13. climate; season
14. omen; sign; portent
15. (traditional Chinese medicine) to examine (pulse)
16. (traditional Chinese medicine) medical sign and symptom
17. (dialectal) to pay for (a bill)

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. climate
2. season
3. weather

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: そうろう (sōrou, 候, Jōyō)^{←さうらふ (saurafu, historical)}; うかがう (ukagau, 候う)^{←うかがふ (ukagafu, historical)}; さぶらう (saburau, 候う)^{←さぶらふ (saburafu, historical)}
• Nanori: きざす (kizasu)

• 候 (そ)い (soi)
• 候 (そ)う (sou)
• 候 (そ)え (soe)

From Middle Chinese 候 (MC ɦəu^H). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) こ​ー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

候 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō)

1. (literary) the season, the weather of the current season

• 厳 (げん)寒 (かん)の候 (こう) (genkan no kō, “the coldest season or weather”)
• 伺 (し)候 (こう) (shikō, “waiting upon (someone)”)

候 (hiragana うかみ, rōmaji ukami)

1. (obsolete) Alternative spelling of 窺見 (“lookout, scout”)

/saburaɸu/ → /sauraɸu/ → /soːroː/

A sound shift from 侍 (さぶら)う (saburau, “to serve by one's side”), historical さぶらふ. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• 候ふ (archaic)

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [so̞ːɾo̞ː]

候 (godan conjugation, hiragana そうろう, rōmaji sōrou, historical hiragana さうらふ)

1. (archaic) Alternative form of 候う (“to serve; to be”)

• 居 (い)候 (そうろう) (isōrō, “freeloader, sponger”)
• 候 (そうろう)文 (ぶん) (sōrōbun, “epistolary style”)

Late-medieval transition from sōrō above.[1]

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [so̞ɾo̞]

候 (hiragana そろ, rōmaji soro)
(alternative reading hiragana す, romaji su)
(alternative reading hiragana そう, romaji sou, historical hiragana さう)

1. (archaic) to be; auxiliary used in place of -ある after で or に when forming a copula
2. (archaic) to do; auxiliary used in place of -ます after a -ます stem

• 又 (また)候 (ぞろ) (matazoro, “(yet) again”)

/zauro/ → /zoːro/

Stem of rendaku form 候う (zōrou), used in compounds. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [d͡zo̞ːɾo̞]

候 (hiragana ぞうろ, rōmaji zōro, historical hiragana ざうろ)

1. service
2. doing

候 • (hu) (hangeul 후)

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候 (hầu, hậu, thoắng)

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