兼

Translingual
兼 U+517C, 兼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-517C
← 养
[U+517B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兽 →
[U+517D]

Han character

兼 (radical 12, 八+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿X金 (TXC), four-corner 80237, composition ⿱䒑⿻⿻コ卄八(GHTJV) or ⿳八一⿻⿻コ卄八(K))

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 128, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1483
  • Dae Jaweon: page 288, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 249, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+517C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 兼

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 兼
Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b11167

Small seal script

s05098

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33971

L33972

L33973

L33974

L33975

L13088

L13089

L13090

L13091

L13092

L13093

L13094

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
譧 *r'eːms
賺 *r'eːms
尲 *kreːm
鹻 *kreːmʔ
歉 *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏 *kʰreːmʔ
鰜 *ɡreːm, *keːm
稴 *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉 *ɡ·rem
鎌 *ɡ·rem
鬑 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮 *ɡ·rem
簾 *ɡ·rem
薕 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊 *ɡ·rem
嬚 *ɡ·remʔ
溓 *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰 *kʰremʔ
隒 *ŋɡremʔ
熑 *ɡ·reːm
濂 *ɡ·reːm
燫 *ɡ·reːm
兼 *keːm, *keːms
縑 *keːm
鶼 *keːm
蒹 *keːm
搛 *keːm
謙 *kʰeːm
膁 *kʰeːmʔ
嗛 *kʰeːmʔ
慊 *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔 *kʰeːms
馦 *qʰeːm
嫌 *ɡeːm
鼸 *ɡeːmʔ
尷 *kreːm

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : Hand 又 (as in 肀) holding two grain stalks 禾.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 兼 兼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 添 (157) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 古甜切 古念切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kem/ /kemH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kem/ /kemH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɛm/ /kɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɛm/ /kɛmH/
Li
Rong		 /kem/ /kemH/
Wang
Li		 /kiem/ /kiemH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kiem/ /kiemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān jiàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 兼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kem ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁem/
English combine; at the same time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 兼 兼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6063 6069
Phonetic
component		 兼 兼
Rime
group		 談 談
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 兼 兼
Old
Chinese		 /*keːm/ /*keːms/
Notes 別分紀念切，集韻並

Definitions

兼

  1. to do two or more things simultaneously; to hold two or more posts at the same time
  2. double

Compounds
  • 兼旬
  • 兼權熟計／兼权熟计
  • 兼毫
  • 兼濟／兼济
  • 兼營／兼营
  • 兼用 (jiānyòng)
  • 兼祧
  • 兼程
  • 兼管
  • 兼籌並顧／兼筹并顾
  • 兼署
  • 兼而有之
  • 兼職／兼职 (jiānzhí)
  • 兼聽／兼听
  • 兼行
  • 兼課／兼课
  • 兼辦／兼办
  • 兼通
  • 兼金
  • 兼顧／兼顾 (jiāngù)
  • 剿撫兼施／剿抚兼施
  • 勦撫兼施／剿抚兼施
  • 名利兼收
  • 品學兼優／品学兼优 (pǐnxuéjiānyōu)
  • 威德兼施
  • 并兼
  • 德容兼備／德容兼备
  • 德才兼備／德才兼备 (décáijiānbèi)
  • 悲喜兼集
  • 愁懼兼心／愁惧兼心
  • 才兼文武
  • 才勇兼優／才勇兼优
  • 才學兼優／才学兼优
  • 才德兼備／才德兼备
  • 文武兼備／文武兼备
  • 文武兼濟／文武兼济
  • 文武兼資／文武兼资
  • 方面兼圻
  • 晝夜兼行／昼夜兼行
  • 智勇兼全
  • 材能兼備／材能兼备
  • 術德兼修／术德兼修
  • 衣不兼采
  • 謀勇兼備／谋勇兼备
  • 軟硬兼施／软硬兼施
  • 食不兼味

Japanese

Kanji
兼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
兼
けん
Grade: S
on’yomi

/kem/ → /kemʉ/ → /keɴ/

From Middle Chinese 兼 (MC kem, kemH).

Pronunciation

Conjunction

兼 (hiragana けん, rōmaji -ken-)

  1. -cum-, concurrently, and; in addition
    書斎 (しょさい)兼 (けん)応 (おう)接 (せつ)間 (ま)
    shosai-ken-ōsetsuma
    study-cum-drawing room
    首 (しゅ)相 (しょう)兼 (けん)外相 (がいしょう)
    shushō-ken-gaishō
    someone who holds the offices of both Prime Minister and Foreign Minister

Noun

兼 (hiragana けん, rōmaji ken)

  1. doing two or more things at the same time
  2. holding two or more government offices at the same time

Derived terms
  • 兼 (けん)す (kensu), 兼 (けん)ず (kenzu)

Proper noun

兼 (hiragana けん, rōmaji Ken)

  1. a male given name

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

兼 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised kyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyeom)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

兼 (kiêm, kem, kèm, cồm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.