in-

From Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en. More at in.

• en-

in-

1. in, into, towards, within.

   inhold, inmove, intake, inthrill

   inborn, inbound

   infield, infighting, insight, intalk, inwork

• out-

From Middle English in-, borrowed (in words of latinate origin) from Latin in-, from Latin in, from Proto-Indo-European *en (cognate to Germanic in-, above). Often borrowed from French in- (e.g. incise, incite, incline, indication), or as French en-, originally from Latin in.

in-

1. in, into

   Note: Before certain letters, in- becomes:

   • il- before l, e.g. illusion
   • im- before b, m, or p, e.g. imperil
   • ir- before r, e.g. irrigate

In direction sense, used in Latinate terms, and opposed by ex-, e-, rather than Germanic out-; senses not always strict antonyms. Examples include infiltrate/exfiltrate, ingress/egress, invade/evade.

• e-
• ex-

From Middle English in-, borrowed (in words of latinate origin) from Latin in- (“not”). Sometimes the Latin word has passed through French before reaching English (e.g. incapable, incertainty, inclement, incompatible). Compare un-.

in-

1. (non-productive) Used with certain words to reverse their meaning

   Note: Before certain letters, in- becomes:

   • i- before gn, e.g. ignoble
   • il- before l, e.g. illegal
   • im- before b, m, or p, e.g. improper
   • ir- before r, e.g. irresistible

   1. (non-productive) Added to adjectives to mean not

      inedible

      inaccurate

   2. (non-productive) Added to nouns to mean lacking or without

      incredulity

      ineptitude

• em-
• en-

• a- (Greek)
• an-
• non-
• un-
• wan-

• N.I., NI, ni

Borrowed from Latin in- (“un-, not”).

in- (before l il-, before b, m, or p im-, before r ir-)

1. in- ; un- (reversal of meaning or lack of an attribute)

• Audio

  (file)

in-

1. from the adverb in
2. prepended to a noun or adjective, it reinforces the quality signified thereby
3. prepended to an adjective to negate its meaning; occurs mostly in borrowed terms from French: in-, un-

Borrowed from Latin in- (“un-, not”).

• IPA^(key): (before a consonant) /ɛ̃/, (before a vowel) /in/

in-

1. in-; un- (indicates negation)

in-

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌽-

in-

1. capable of, fit for, fit to be

   Antonym: do-

From i, in (“in”).

in-

1. en-, in-, il-, im-, ir-
2. endo-
3. intra-

• ion- (broad)

• "in-" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “in-” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

• im- (assimilated form before b-/m-/p-)
• il- (assimilated form before l-)
• ir- (assimilated form before r-)

• IPA^(key): /in/
• IPA^(key): [iɱ] (before f or v)
• IPA^(key): [iŋ] (before c or g)

From Latin in-, a prefixation of in (“in, into”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

in-

1. (forms verbs) Used to denote derivation.
2. (obsolete, rare) Used as an intensifier.

• The prefix is used together with a verbal ending suffix to derive causative verbs from adjectives or nouns:

Examples:

‎in- + ‎arido (“dry”, “arid”) → ‎inaridire (“to parch”, “to dry up”)

‎in- + ‎fiamma (“flame”) → ‎infiammare (“to enflame”, “to kindle”)

• When used with verbs, it's usually a reflection of derivation in Latin, and retains the original meaning of “into”, “inside”:

Example:

‎in- + ‎fondere → ‎infondere (“to infuse”, “to instill”) (cfr. Latin īnfundere)

• In some cases, the meaning of “into” can also be found in verbs of modern derivation:

Example:

‎in- + ‎carcere (“jail”, “prison”) → ‎incarcerare (“to imprison”, “to incarcerate”)

From Latin in- (“un-, not”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, zero grade form of the sentence negative *ne.

in-

1. Used to denote negation or opposition or privation; un-; in-; a-

• The suffix is usually found in adjectives (and nouns therefrom derived):

Examples:

‎in- + ‎coerente (“coherent”, “consistent”) → ‎incoerente (“incoherent”, “inconsistent”)

‎in- + ‎abile (“able”, “capable”) → ‎inabile (“unable”, “incapable”)

‎in- + ‎felice (“happy”) → ‎infelice (“unhappy”)

‎in- + ‎desiderabile (“desirable; advisable”) → ‎indesiderabile (“undesirable, unwelcome”)

• More rarely, it is found in adjectives derived from nouns:

Example:

‎in- + ‎colore (“colour”) → ‎incolore (“uncoloured”)

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /in/, [ɪn]

From Proto-Italic *en-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.

in-

1. un-, non-, not

Affixed primarily to adjectives.

The spelling of the prefix changes in some situations:

• Before b or p, it becomes im-.

  ‎in- + ‎barba (“beard”) → ‎imberbis (“beardless”)

  ‎in- + ‎patiēns (“patient”) → ‎impatiēns (“impatient”)

• Before l, m, or r, it becomes il-, im-, or ir-, respectively.

  ‎in- + ‎labōrātus (“worked, toilsome”) → ‎illabōrātus (“unworked, uncultivated”)

  ‎in- + ‎mātūrus (“mature”) → ‎immātūrus (“immature”)

  ‎in- + ‎reverēns (“reverent”) → ‎irreverēns (“irreverent”)

• Before gn and sometimes n, it becomes ig- (pronounced [ɪŋ-]).

  ‎in- + ‎gnārus (“knowlegable”) → ‎ignārus (“ignorant”)

  ‎in- + ‎nōmen (“name”) → ‎ignōminia (“dishonor”)

• Before f or s, it becomes īn- (pronounced [ĩː-]).

  ‎in- + ‎fīnītus (“finite”) → ‎īnfīnītus (“endless, infinite”)

  ‎in- + ‎sānus (“healthy, sane”) → ‎īnsānus (“mad, insane”)

• in- -is

• → Catalan: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)
• → French: in-
• → Italian: in-
• → Middle English: in-
  • English: in-, ir-, il-
• → Portuguese: in-, im- before p, b and m)
• → Spanish: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)

Prefixation of in.

• ind-, indu-

in-

1. in, inside

Affixed primarily to verbs.

Not to be confused with in- (“not”).

• in- in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 301

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

• IPA^(key): /in/

From in (“in”). More at in

in-

1. in, into; on, upon

   ‎in- + ‎blāwan (“to blow; to breathe”) → ‎inblāwan (“to inspire, breathe upon”)

   ‎in- + ‎ēodan → ‎inēodan (“to enter”)

   ‎in- + ‎ēþung → ‎inēþung (“inspiration”)

2. internal, positioned on the inside, inside

   ‎in- + ‎coþu (“disease, sickness”) → ‎incoþu (“internal disease”)

   indryhten (“distinguished, noble, courtly, excellent”), from indryhtu (“honor, glory, nobility”)

• Middle English: in-
  • English: in-

From Proto-Germanic *in- (“strong”, adj), from Proto-Indo-European *indʰro- (“swelling; strong”), from *oyd- (“to swell”).

in-

1. (intensifying) very

   ‎in- + ‎frōd (“wise”) → ‎infrōd (“very old, experienced, wise”)

   ‎in- + ‎dryhten (“noble”) → ‎indryhten (“very noble”)

From Proto-Celtic *eni-. Prefix form of i.

• en-
• ind-

in-

1. in

Very frequently replaced by ad- in pretonic position in verbs where the meaning ‘in’ is not transparent, e.g.:

• ad·cota from *in-com-tá-
• ad·fét from *in-fét-
• ad·greinn from *in-grenn-
• ad·snádi from *in-snádi-

Sometimes replaced by as- in pretonic position in verbs where the meaning ‘in’ is not transparent, e.g.:

• as·dloing from *in-dlong-

• Rudolf Thurneysen (1940) A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, pages 518–22

in- (class C infixed pronoun)

1. Alternative form of id-

• im- (before p or b)
• ir- (before r)

Borrowed from Latin in- (“un-, not”).

in-

1. un-; not

Borrowed from Latin in- (“un-, not”).

in-

1. not (negation)

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v). Before l, m or n, the prefix becomes i-.

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “im-, in-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “im-, in-”