Enterocolitis

Enterocolitis
Other names	Coloenteritis
Specialty	Gastroenterology

Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon.^[1] It may be caused by various infections, with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes. Common clinical manifestations of enterocolitis are frequent diarrheal defecations, with or without nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, chills, alteration of general condition. General manifestations are given by the dissemination of the infectious agent or its toxins throughout the body, or – most frequently – by significant losses of water and minerals, the consequence of diarrhea and vomiting.

Cause

Among the causal agents of acute enterocolitis are:

• bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter etc.
• viruses: enteroviruses, rotaviruses, Norovirus, adenoviruses
• fungi: candidiasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients or who have previously received prolonged antibiotic treatment
• parasites: Giardia lamblia (with high frequency of infestation in the population, but not always with clinical manifestations), Balantidium coli, Blastocystis homnis, Cryptosporidium (diarrhea in people with immunosuppression), Entamoeba histolytica (produces the amebian dysentery, common in tropical areas).

Diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment depends on aetiology e.g. Antibiotics such as metronidazole for bacteria infection, antiviral drug therapy for viral infection and anti-helminths for parasitic infections

See also

• Gastroenteritis

References

External links