τίς

See also: τις and -τις

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation
 
  • Audio (Classical Attic): τίς, τί(file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷis. Cognates include Latin quis and Hittite [script needed] (kuiš). Compare its indefinite form τις (tis, “anyone, anything”).

In Attic, the labiovelar *kʷ- becomes τ- before the front vowel ι and by analogy also before ου, ῳ in the genitive and dative singular, but π- before the rounded back vowel ο in most of the related interrogatives listed below.

Alternative forms

Pronoun

τῐ́ς • (tís)

  1. (substantive)
    1. (masculine, feminine) who?
    2. (neuter) what?
  2. (adjective) what? which? what kind?
Usage notes
  • The neuter nominative/accusative τί (tí) is never elided, but a hiatus is allowed in Attic Greek.
  • The stem iota remains short in every declined form.
Inflection
Third declension of τίς, τί
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case / Gender Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine / Feminine Neuter
Nominative τίς τί τίνε τίνε τίνες τίνα
Genitive τίνος, τοῦ τίνος, τοῦ τίνοιν τίνοιν τίνων τίνων
Dative τίνι, τῷ τίνι, τῷ τίνοιν τίνοιν τίσι(ν) τίσι(ν)
Accusative τίνα τί τίνε τίνε τίνας τίνα
Third declension of τίς, τί (Homeric)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case / Gender Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine / Feminine Neuter
Nominative τίς τί τίνε τίνε τίνες τίνα
Genitive τέο, τεῦ τέο, τεῦ τίνοιν τίνοιν τέων τέων
Dative τίνοιν τίνοιν τίσι(ν) τίσι(ν)
Accusative τίνα τί τίνε τίνε τίνας τίνα
Synonyms
Derived terms
Ancient Greek correlatives (edit)
typeinterrogativeindefinite(medial)
demonstrative		proximal
demonstrative		distal
demonstrative		relativeindefinite
relative		identityother
basic τίςτις†ὁ, οὗτοςὅδεἐκεῖνοςὅςὅστιςὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμόςἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual πότεροςπότερος, ποτερόςὁπότερος
quality ποῖοςποιός†τοῖος, τοιοῦτοςτοιόσδεοἷοςὁποῖοςὅμοιοςἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity πόσοςποσός†τόσος, τοσοῦτοςτοσόσδεὅσοςὁπόσος
manner πῶςπως†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτωςὧδεὡςὅπωςὁμῶςἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method,
path
place		 πῇπῃτῇ, ταύτῃτῇδεἐκείνῃᾗὅπῃἄλλῃ
place ποῦ, †πόθιπου, †ποθίἐνταῦθαἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθιοὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθιὅπου, †ὁπόθιαὐτόθι, ὁμοῦἄλλοθι
source πόθενποθέν†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθενἐκεῖθενὅθενὁπόθεν†ὁμόθενἄλλοθεν
destination ποῖ, †πόσεποιἔνθα, ἐνταῦθαἐνθάδεἐκεῖσεοἷὅποι, †ὁπόσεαὐτόσε, ὁμόσεἄλλοσε
time πότε, πῆμοςποτέτότε, τῆμοςτημόσδεὅτε, ἦμοςὁπότε, †ὁππῆμοςἅμαἄλλοτε
exact time πηνίκαπηνίκα†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτατηνικάδεἡνίκαὁπηνίκααὐτίκα
size, age πηλίκοςπηλίκος†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτοςτηλικόσδεἡλίκοςὁπηλίκοςὁμῆλιξ
repetition ποσάκις, ποσίνδαποσάκιςτουτάκις, τόσακις†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκιςὁποσάκις
multiplication ποσαπλάσιοςὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order πόστοςποστόςὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose
Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.
Descendants

Etymology 2

See τις (tis).

Pronoun

τίς • (tís)

  1. oxytone form of τις (tis, “someone, anyone”)
Usage notes

Used before another enclitic:

  • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 70b:
    καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθος [Γοργίας] ὑ̄μᾶς εἴθικεν, ἀφόβως τε καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀποκρί̄νεσθαι ἐά̄ν τίς τι ἔρηται.
    kaì dḕ kaì toûto tò éthos [Gorgías] hūmâs eíthiken, aphóbōs te kaì megaloprepôs apokrí̄nesthai eá̄n tís ti érētai.
    And furthermore, [Gorgias] has also accustomed you to the habit of answering fearlessly and magnificently if someone asks you something.

Further reading
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.