τις
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- κῐς (kis) – Thessalian
- σῐς (sis) – Arcadocypriot
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷis. Cognates include Latin quis and Hittite [script needed] (kuiš). Compare its interrogative form τίς (tís, “who?”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tis/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tis/
Pronoun
τῐς • (tis)
Inflection
Third declension of τις, τι
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||
| Nominative | τις | τι | τινέ | τινέ | τινές | τινά | ||||||
| Genitive | τινός, του | τινός, του | τινοῖν | τινοῖν | τινῶν | τινῶν | ||||||
| Dative | τινί, τῳ | τινί, τῳ | τινοῖν | τινοῖν | τισί(ν) | τισί(ν) | ||||||
| Accusative | τινά | τι | τινέ | τινέ | τινάς | τινά | ||||||
See also
Ancient Greek correlatives (edit)
| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | τίς | τις | †ὁ, οὗτος | ὅδε | ἐκεῖνος | ὅς | ὅστις | ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός | ἕτερος, ἄλλος |
| dual | πότερος | πότερος, ποτερός | ὁπότερος | ||||||
| quality | ποῖος | ποιός | †τοῖος, τοιοῦτος | τοιόσδε | οἷος | ὁποῖος | ὅμοιος | ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος | |
| quantity | πόσος | ποσός | †τόσος, τοσοῦτος | τοσόσδε | ὅσος | ὁπόσος | |||
| manner | πῶς | πως | †τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως | ὧδε | ὡς | ὅπως | ὁμῶς | ἑτέρως, ἄλλως | |
| method, path place |
πῇ | πῃ | τῇ, ταύτῃ | τῇδε | ἐκείνῃ | ᾗ | ὅπῃ | ἄλλῃ | |
| place | ποῦ, †πόθι | που, †ποθί | ἐνταῦθα | ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι | οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι | ὅπου, †ὁπόθι | αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ | ἄλλοθι | |
| source | πόθεν | ποθέν | †τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν | ἐκεῖθεν | ὅθεν | ὁπόθεν | †ὁμόθεν | ἄλλοθεν | |
| destination | ποῖ, †πόσε | ποι | ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα | ἐνθάδε | ἐκεῖσε | οἷ | ὅποι, †ὁπόσε | αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε | ἄλλοσε |
| time | πότε, πῆμος | ποτέ, ποτε | τότε, τῆμος | τημόσδε | ὅτε, ἦμος | ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος | ἅμα | ἄλλοτε | |
| exact time | πηνίκα | πηνίκα | †τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα | τηνικάδε | ἡνίκα | ὁπηνίκα | αὐτίκα | ||
| size, age | πηλίκος | πηλίκος | †τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος | τηλικόσδε | ἡλίκος | ὁπηλίκος | ὁμῆλιξ | ||
| repetition | ποσάκις, ποσίνδα | ποσάκις | τουτάκις, τόσακις | †ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις | ὁποσάκις | ||||
| multiplication | ποσαπλάσιος | ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων | |||||||
| order | πόστος | ποστός | ὁπόστος | ||||||
| † Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions. | |||||||||
Further reading
- τις in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- τις in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- τις in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- τις in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- τις in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5100 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtis/
- Homophone: της (tis)
Etymology 1
From Byzantine Greek τὲς (tès) of the 11th century, through morphological levelling of the accusative and nominative plurals.
Declension
The definite article
| number | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gender | m | f | n | m | f | n |
| nominative | ο | η | το | οι | οι | τα |
| genitive | του | της | του | των | των | των |
| accusative | το(ν)* | τη(ν)* | το | τους | τις | τα |
| * The final "ν" is preserved before vowels, and the plosive/affricate consonants: κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, μπ, ντ, γκ, τσ, τζ 1. Archaic forms are sometimes used in certain colloquial phrases, these include: | ||||||
Pronoun
τις • (tis) (weak personal pronoun)
- them (3rd person feminine plural, accusative; used before the verb)
Alternative forms
- τες (tes) (used after the verb)
Related terms
Third person forms
| Number (style) | singular (familiar) | plural (formal) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| strong | weak | strong | weak | |||||||||
| m | f | n | m | f | n | m | f | n | m | f | n | |
| nominative | αυτός • | αυτή • | αυτό • | τος • | τη • | το • | αυτοί • | αυτές • | αυτά • | τοι • | τες • | τα • |
| genitive | αυτού • | αυτής • | αυτού • | του • † | της • † | του • † | αυτών • | αυτών • | αυτών • | τους • † | τους • † | τους • † |
| accusative | αυτόν • | αυτήν • | αυτό • | τον • | την • | το • | αυτούς • | αυτές • | αυτά • | τους • | τις •, τες •‡ | τα • |
| There is no 3rd person vocative case. † These terms double as possessive pronouns. ‡ "τις" is used before a verb, "τες" after a verb.. All personal pronoun forms are displayed at εγώ (egó, “I”). | ||||||||||||
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek τίς (tís).
Pronoun
τις • (tis) m (feminine τίς, neuter τι) interrogative
- (archaic, formal, mostly in set phrases) who (what / which person or people)
- τις πταίει; ― tis ptaíei? ― who is at fault?
- τις ει; ― tis ei? ― who are you?
- τίνι τρόπω; ― tíni trópo? ― in what way?
- Τίνος είσαι 'συ; ― Tínos eísai 'sy? ― Whose are you? / Who do you belong to?(stereotypical phrase associated with elderly Greeks in small villages and communities to those they don't recognise)
Declension
declension of 'τις'
| m·s | f·s | n·s | m·p | f·p | n·p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | τις | τις | τι | τίνες | τίνες | τίνα |
| genitive | τίνος | τίνος | τίνος | τίνων | τίνων | τίνων |
| accusative | τίνα | τίνα | τι | τίνας | τίνας | τίνα |
| vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dative cases only used in set phrases in Modern Greek: τίνι (masculine, feminine, neuter singular), τίσι (masculine, feminine, neuter plural). | ||||||
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