Sanitation for Emergencies 113
Sanitation for Emergencies
More and more, large numbers of people are forced to live in emergency
situations due to wars, natural disasters, and other reasons for displacement.
In emergency settlements such as refugee camps, sanitation is a first priority.
Simple trench latrine
Simple trenches can be made quickly using
local materials. One enclosed trench for
each family, or for a small group of
families, will allow for the most comfort.
Trench latrines should be built downhill and away from water sources,
but close enough to family settlements so people do not have to walk long
distances to use them.
A trench latrine has shelves for the feet to make it easier to use than a
simple trench. The trench latrine should be as deep as possible (up to 2 meters),
but can be shallow if little labor is available for digging. Each user covers his
or her feces with a small amount of soil. When the trench is close to full, fill it
completely with soil. Plants and trees will benefit from the rich soil.
A portable shelter can be built over the trench to give privacy and to
protect users from rain. Screens can be made from cloth, reeds, or whatever
materials are available. Special care should be taken to make sure latrines are
private and safe for women and children.
A partially built trench latrine shelter
Tippy tap (see page 58)
for washing hands
Top can be
covered from rain
Light frame of wood
or plastic pipe
Screens
for privacy
Wood foot rests
and floor plates
A Community Guide to Environmental Health 2012