556 Appendix a: Safety and Emergencies
Shock
Shock is a life-threatening condition that can result from a large burn, losing
a lot of blood, severe illness, dehydration, severe allergic reaction, acute toxic
exposure, or other emergency situation.
Signs of shock
• Mental confusion, weakness, dizziness, or loss of consciousness
• Weak, rapid pulse
• Cold sweat: pale, cold, damp skin
• Blood pressure drops dangerously low
To prevent or treat shock
At first sign of shock, or if there is risk of shock:
• Have the person lie down
with his feet a little higher
than his head, like this:
• Stop any bleeding and
treat any wounds.
• If the person feels cold,
cover him with a blanket.
• If the person is able to drink, give sips of water. If he is
dehydrated, give a lot of liquid, and rehydration drink (see page 53).
• If the person is in pain, give aspirin or other pain medicine, but not one
with a sedative, such as codeine.
• Stay calm and reassure the person.
If the person is unconscious:
• Lay him on his side with his head low, tilted back and to the side
(see above). If he has a neck or spine injury, do not tilt his head or move
his back.
• If he has vomited, clear his mouth right away.
• Do not give anything by mouth until he becomes conscious.
• Seek medical help.
A Community Guide to Environmental Health 2012