Veillonella parvula

Veillonella parvula is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium in the genus Veillonella.[2] It is a normal part of the oral flora but can be associated with diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries as well as various systemic infections, including meningitis and osteomyelitis.[3] It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis and has been associated with hypertension together with Campylobacter rectus and Prevotella melaninogenica.[4]

Veillonella parvula
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
Clostridia
Order:
Clostridiales
Family:
Veillonellaceae
Genus:
Veillonella
Species:
V. parvula
Binomial name
Veillonella parvula
(Veillon and Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933[1]

V. parvula is unable to feed on carbohydrates, but can feed on lactate provided by Streptococcus species also found in the oral cavity.[5] Specifically, Streptococcus mutans and V. parvula can form multispecies biofilms that lead to a lower susceptibility to antimicrobial treatments, resulting in periodontitis and dental carries.[6]

Antimicrobial susceptibility

V. parvula bacteria are susceptible to and typically treated with metronidazole and penicillin in clinical reports.[7][8][9][10] Other antibiotics that have been shown to be active against V. parvula include cephalosporin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol.[7]

Antibiotic-resistance

There have been several reports of antibiotic resistance in V. parvula isolates in different countries.[11][12][13] In Greece, V. parvula isolates were found to be somewhat resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin, with no reported resistance to metronidazole.[13][14] In Taiwan, V. parvula isolates were found to be resistant against metronidazole.[15] These findings represent the growing issue of antibiotic resistance worldwide.

References
  1. Parte AC. "Veillonella". LPSN.
  2. Matera G, Muto V, Vinci M, Zicca E, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, van de Veerdonk FL, et al. (December 2009). "Receptor recognition of and immune intracellular pathways for Veillonella parvula lipopolysaccharide". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 16 (12): 1804–1809. doi:10.1128/CVI.00310-09. PMC 2786383. PMID 19828771.
  3. Bongaerts GP, Schreurs BW, Lunel FV, Lemmens JA, Pruszczynski M, Merkx MA (2004-01-01). "Was isolation of Veillonella from spinal osteomyelitis possible due to poor tissue perfusion?". Medical Hypotheses. 63 (4): 659–661. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.052. PMID 15325011.
  4. Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Ortu E, Monaco A (August 2019). "Definition of hypertension-associated oral pathogens in NHANES". Journal of Periodontology. 90 (8): 866–876. doi:10.1002/JPER.19-0046. PMID 31090063. S2CID 155089995.
  5. Megrian D, Taib N, Witwinowski J, Beloin C, Gribaldo S (March 2020). "One or two membranes? Diderm Firmicutes challenge the Gram-positive/Gram-negative divide". Molecular Microbiology. 113 (3): 659–671. doi:10.1111/mmi.14469. PMID 31975449.
  6. Luppens SB, Kara D, Bandounas L, Jonker MJ, Wittink FR, Bruning O, et al. (June 2008). "Effect of Veillonella parvula on the antimicrobial resistance and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans grown in a dual-species biofilm". Oral Microbiology and Immunology. 23 (3): 183–189. doi:10.1111/j.1399-302X.2007.00409.x. PMID 18402603.
  7. Al-Otaibi FE, Al-Mohizea MM (November 2014). "Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 8 (1): 365. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-365. PMC 4304151. PMID 25388792.
  8. Cobo F, Pérez-Carrasco V, García-Salcedo JA, Navarro-Marí JM (December 2020). "Bacteremia caused by Veillonella dispar in an oncological patient". Anaerobe. 66: 102285. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102285. PMC 7563575. PMID 33075505.
  9. Chen YC, Ko PH, Yang CJ, Chen YC, Lay CJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh MH (October 2016). "Epidural abscess caused by Veillonella parvula: Case report and review of the literature". Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi. 49 (5): 804–808. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2014.05.002. PMID 25066704.
  10. Rolfe RD, Finegold SM (November 1981). "Comparative in vitro activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 20 (5): 600–609. doi:10.1128/AAC.20.5.600. PMC 181759. PMID 7325628.
  11. Al-Otaibi FE, Al-Mohizea MM (November 2014). "Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 8 (1): 365. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-365. PMC 4304151. PMID 25388792.
  12. Liu JW, Wu JJ, Wang LR, Teng LJ, Huang TC (January 1998). "Two fatal cases of Veillonella bacteremia". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 17 (1): 62–64. doi:10.1007/BF01584370. PMID 9512189. S2CID 491775.
  13. Maraki S, Mavromanolaki VE, Stafylaki D, Kasimati A (April 2020). "Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in recent clinical isolates of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in a Greek University Hospital". Anaerobe. 62: 102173. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102173. PMID 32062399. S2CID 211135750.
  14. Jeverica S, Kolenc U, Mueller-Premru M, Papst L (October 2017). "Evaluation of the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in a Slovenian tertiary-care hospital in 2015". Anaerobe. 47: 64–69. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.007. PMID 28433670.
  15. Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Tsai JC, Liaw SJ, Ho SW, Luh KT (September 2002). "High incidence of cefoxitin and clindamycin resistance among anaerobes in Taiwan". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 46 (9): 2908–2913. doi:10.1128/AAC.46.9.2908-2913.2002. PMC 127412. PMID 12183246.

Further reading

Mashima I, Nakazawa F (August 2014). "The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species". Anaerobe. 28: 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003. PMID 24862495.

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