1588

1588 (MDLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1588th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 588th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 16th century, and the 9th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1588, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1588 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1588
MDLXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita2341
Armenian calendar1037
ԹՎ ՌԼԷ
Assyrian calendar6338
Balinese saka calendar1509–1510
Bengali calendar995
Berber calendar2538
English Regnal year30 Eliz. 1  31 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2132
Burmese calendar950
Byzantine calendar7096–7097
Chinese calendar丁亥年 (Fire Pig)
4284 or 4224
     to 
戊子年 (Earth Rat)
4285 or 4225
Coptic calendar1304–1305
Discordian calendar2754
Ethiopian calendar1580–1581
Hebrew calendar5348–5349
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1644–1645
 - Shaka Samvat1509–1510
 - Kali Yuga4688–4689
Holocene calendar11588
Igbo calendar588–589
Iranian calendar966–967
Islamic calendar996–997
Japanese calendarTenshō 16
(天正16年)
Javanese calendar1507–1509
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3921
Minguo calendar324 before ROC
民前324年
Nanakshahi calendar120
Thai solar calendar2130–2131
Tibetan calendar阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
1714 or 1333 or 561
     to 
阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
1715 or 1334 or 562

Events

JanuaryJune

  • February The Sinhalese abandon the siege of Colombo, capital of Portuguese Ceylon.
  • February 9 The sudden death of Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, in the midst of preparations for the Spanish Armada, forces King Philip II of Spain to re-allocate the command of the fleet.
  • April 14 (April 4 Old Style) Christian IV becomes king of Denmark–Norway, upon the death of his father, Frederick II.
  • May 12 Day of the Barricades in Paris: Henry I, Duke of Guise seizes the city, forcing King Henry III to flee.[1]
  • May 28 The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from the Tagus estuary, heading for the English Channel (it will take until May 30 for all of the ships to leave port).[2]

JulyDecember

  • July King Henry III of France capitulates to the Duke of Guise, and returns to Paris.
  • July 31 The first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets (off of Plymouth) results in a victory for the English, under command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake.
  • August 2 The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet, off the Isle of Portland.
  • August 6 (July 29 Old Style) Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English naval force off the coast of Gravelines, in the Spanish Netherlands (modern France).
  • August 7 The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet off the coast of Flanders.
  • August 89 The Spanish are unable to reach the coast of Flanders, to meet up with the army of the Duke of Parma. The Duke of Medina Sidonia decides to return to Spain.
  • August 12 The fleeing Spanish fleet sails past the Firth of Forth, and the English call off their pursuit. Much of the Spanish fleet is destroyed by storms, as it sails for home around Scotland and Ireland.
  • October 7 The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (d.1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi.
  • December 5 The Order of Augustinian Recollects is formally recognised as a separate province from the Order of Saint Augustine, an event later known as the Día de la Recolección or Day of Recollection.
  • December 23 Henry III of France strikes his ultra-Catholic enemies, having the Duke of Guise and his brother, Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, killed, and holding the Cardinal de Bourbon a prisoner. As a result, large parts of France reject Henry III as their king, forcing him to side with Henry of Navarre.

Unknown

  • William Morgan's Welsh translation of the Bible is published.[3]
  • The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is created, to celebrate the English defeat of the Spanish Armada, and to assert the strength of Elizabeth herself.
  • Sword hunt in Japan.

Births

JanuaryJune

Pierre Seguier
  • January 4 Arnold Vinnius, Dutch lawyer (d. 1657)
  • January 6 Elizabeth Stanley, Countess of Huntingdon, English noblewoman and writer (d. 1633)
  • January 20 Francesco Gessi, Italian painter (d. 1649)
  • February 2 Georg II of Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl, German nobleman (d. 1644)
  • February 15 Benjamin Bramer, German mathematician (d. 1652)
  • March 12 Herman de Neyt, Flemish painter (d. 1642)
  • March 21 Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg, Bavarian count and field-marshal (d. 1635)
  • March 22 Frederick IX, Margrave of Brandenburg, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (d. 1611)
  • March 27 Celestyn Myślenta, Polish theologian (d. 1653)
  • March 29 Margherita Aldobrandini, Parmesan regent (d. 1646)
  • March Johann Heinrich Alsted, German theologian (d. 1638)
  • April 4 Padovanino, Italian painter (d. 1649)
  • April 5 Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher (d. 1679)[4]
  • April 15 Claudius Salmasius, French classical scholar (d. 1653)
  • April 16 Emanuel Filibert of Savoy, Viceroy of Sicily (d. 1624)
  • May 2 Étienne Pascal, French mathematician (d. 1651)
  • May 9 Herman Hugo, Jesuit priest, writer, military chaplain (d. 1629)
  • May 13 Ole Worm, Danish physician and antiquary (d. 1654)
  • May 28 Pierre Séguier, Chancellor of France (d. 1672)
  • June 3 Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen (1617–16135) (d. 1635)
  • June 9 Johann Andreas Herbst, German composer and music theorist (d. 1666)
  • June 11 George Wither, English poet and satirist (d. 1667)
  • June 14 Hoshina Masasada, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Ino Domain (d. 1661)
  • June 30 Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian composer, organist and teacher (d. 1649)

JulyDecember

Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg
  • July 7 Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1588–1640) (d. 1640)
  • July 29 William Spring of Pakenham, Member of Parliament (d. 1638)
  • August 25 Elizabeth Poole, English settler in Plymouth Colony (d. 1654)
  • August François de La Mothe Le Vayer, French writer (d. 1672)
  • September 1 Henri, Prince of Condé (d. 1646)
  • September 8 Marin Mersenne, French theologian (d. 1648)
  • September 10 Nicholas Lanier, English composer (d. 1666)[5]
  • September 13 Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden, English baron (d. 1661)
  • October 7 Sir Drue Drury, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1632)
  • October 16 Luke Wadding, Irish Franciscan friar and historian (d. 1657)
  • October 17 Matthias Gallas, Austrian soldier (d. 1647)
  • November 25 Gilbert Ironside the elder, English bishop (d. 1671)
  • December 10
    • Johann von Aldringen, Austrian field marshal (d. 1634)
    • Isaac Beeckman, Dutch philosopher and scientist (d. 1637)
  • December 15
    • Charles de Condren, French theologian (d. 1641)
    • Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1592–1628 and again 1631–1658) (d. 1658)
  • December 23 Claude Bernard, French priest (d. 1641)
  • December 24 Constance of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1631)

Date unknown

  • John Danvers, English politician (d. 1655)
  • John Endecott, English politician (d. 1665)
  • Robert Filmer, English political writer (d. 1653)
  • Accepted Frewen, English churchman (d. 1664)
  • Madame Ke, influential nanny of the Tianqi Emperor of China (approximately; d. 1627)
  • Francis Higginson, colonial American Puritan (d. 1630)
  • Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (d. 1664)
  • Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet (d. 1665)
  • John Winthrop, influential Puritan in the history of Massachusetts (d. 1649)

Deaths

Henri, Prince of Conde
King Frederick II of Denmark
Henry I, Duke of Guise

References

  1. Hesketh Pearson (1963). Henry of Navarre: His Life. London. p. 46.
  2. Colin Martin (1975). Full Fathom Five: Wrecks of the Spanish Armada. Viking Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-670-33193-2.
  3. "William Morgan - Welsh bishop". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  4. Aloysius Martinich (November 27, 1996). Thomas Hobbes. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-349-25185-8.
  5. MichaelI. Wilson (July 5, 2017). Nicholas Lanier: Master of the King's Musick. Taylor & Francis. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-351-55639-2.
  6. Paul Douglas Lockhart (January 1, 2004). Frederik II and the Protestant Cause: Denmark's Role in the Wars of Religion, 1559-1596. BRILL. p. 1. ISBN 90-04-13790-4.
  7. William R. Rearick (1988). The Art of Paolo Veronese, 1528-1588. National Gallery of Art. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-89468-124-0.
  8. Ian Dawson (1998). Who's who in British History: A-H. Taylor & Francis. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-884964-90-9.
  9. Leslie Stephen (1895). Dictionary of National Biography. Macmillan. p. 82.
  10. Watkins, Basil (2015). The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 197. ISBN 9780567664143.
  11. Monjarás-Ruiz, Jesús, “Fray Diego Durán, un evangelizador conquistado”, en Dimensión Antropológica, vol. 2, septiembre-diciembre, 1994, pp. 43-56. Disponible en: http://www.dimensionantropologica.inah.gob.mx/?p=1552
  12. "Incarnation Lineage: Dalai Lama Main Page". www.himalayanart.org. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
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