rasti
Finnish
Noun
rasti
- X, cross (mark or sign that resembles the letter X)
- (orienteering) checkpoint
- bugloss (plant of the genus, Anchusa)
Declension
Inflection of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rasti | rastit | |
genitive | rastin | rastien | |
partitive | rastia | rasteja | |
illative | rastiin | rasteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rasti | rastit | |
accusative | nom. | rasti | rastit |
gen. | rastin | ||
genitive | rastin | rastien | |
partitive | rastia | rasteja | |
inessive | rastissa | rasteissa | |
elative | rastista | rasteista | |
illative | rastiin | rasteihin | |
adessive | rastilla | rasteilla | |
ablative | rastilta | rasteilta | |
allative | rastille | rasteille | |
essive | rastina | rasteina | |
translative | rastiksi | rasteiksi | |
instructive | — | rastein | |
abessive | rastitta | rasteitta | |
comitative | — | rasteineen |
Derived terms
Compounds
- etelänrasti
- italianrasti
- kiintorasti
- peltorasti
- rastilippu
- rastireittisuunnistus
- rohtorasti
- tarharasti
Verb
rasti
Latvian
Lithuanian
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rad-; compare Latvian rast. Can be connected with Proto-Slavic *rodìti (“give birth”); compare the reflexive, rastis (“appear, arise”). Related to rasmė (“yield, harvest”).
There are two conflicting etymologies of this root. The first connects it with Proto-Germanic *rēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”); cf. ródyti. The second is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥-edʰ- < *wer- (“twist, turn”); compare Slovene vȏrdati (“rummage, ransack”) < Proto-Slavic *vъrdati, Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn, “wander”), Old Norse rata (“find one's way”).[1]
Both etymologies are formally difficult, therefore we may in fact be dealing with a root *Hrodʰ-, unique to Balto-Slavic.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɐsʲ.tʲɪ/
Conjugation
singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
randù | randì | rañda | rañdame, rañdam |
rañdate, rañdat |
rañda | |
past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
radaũ | radaĩ | rãdo | rãdome, rãdom |
rãdote, rãdot |
rãdo | ||
past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
ràsdavau | ràsdavai | ràsdavo | ràsdavome, ràsdavom |
ràsdavote, ràsdavot |
ràsdavo | ||
future (būsimasis laikas) |
ràsiu | ràsi | ràs | ràsime, ràsim |
ràsite, ràsit |
ràs | ||
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
ràsčiau | ràstum, ràstumei |
ràstų | ràstumėme, ràstumėm, ràstume |
ràstumėte, ràstumėt |
ràstų | ||
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | ràsk, ràski |
terañda, terañdie |
ràskime, ràskim |
ràskite, ràskit |
terañda, terañdie |
Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
---|---|---|---|
active | passive | ||
present | rañdąs, rañdantis | rañdamas | |
past | rãdęs | ràstas | |
past frequentative | ràsdavęs | — | |
future | ràsiąs, ràsiantis | ràsimas | |
participle of necessity | — | ràstinas | |
Adverbial | |||
special (pusdalyvis) | ràsdamas | ||
half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | rañdant | |
past | rãdus | ||
past frequentative | ràsdavus | ||
future | ràsiant | ||
manner of action (būdinys) | ràste, ràstinai |
Derived terms
References
- Žanna Varbot (1974) — 'K rekonstrukcii i etimologii nekotoryx praslavjanskix glagolʹnyx osnov i otglagolʹnyx imen' [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives] II, Etimologija. Moscow, pages 42–59.
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Russian расти (rasti).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /râːsti/
- Hyphenation: ra‧sti
Verb
rȃsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ра̑сти)
- (intransitive) to grow
- (intransitive) to increase
- (intransitive) to accrue, to accumulate
Conjugation
Infinitive: rasti | Present verbal adverb: rástūći | Past verbal adverb: — | Verbal noun: — | ||||
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
Present | rastem | rasteš | raste | rastemo | rastete | rastu | |
Future | Future I | rast ću1 rašću |
rast ćeš1 rašćeš |
rast će1 rašće |
rast ćemo1 rašćemo |
rast ćete1 rašćete |
rast će1 rašće |
Future II | budem rastao2 | budeš rastao2 | bude rastao2 | budemo rasli2 | budete rasli2 | budu rasli2 | |
Past | Perfect | rastao sam2 | rastao si2 | rastao je2 | rasli smo2 | rasli ste2 | rasli su2 |
Pluperfect3 | bio sam rastao2 | bio si rastao2 | bio je rastao2 | bili smo rasli2 | bili ste rasli2 | bili su rasli2 | |
Imperfect | rastijah | rastijaše | rastijaše | rastijasmo | rastijaste | rastijahu | |
Conditional I | rastao bih2 | rastao bi2 | rastao bi2 | rasli bismo2 | rasli biste2 | rasli bi2 | |
Conditional II | bio bih rastao2 | bio bi rastao2 | bio bi rastao2 | bili bismo rasli2 | bili biste rasli2 | bili bi rasli2 | |
Imperative | — | rasti | — | rastimo | rastite | — | |
Active past participle | rastao m / rasla f / raslo n | rasli m / rasle f / rasla n | |||||
1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. * Note: The aorist and imperfect have nowadays fallen into disuse and as such they are found only in literary texts; routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech. |
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈraːsti/
- Hyphenation: rás‧ti
Verb
rásti impf (first-person singular present rástem, past active participle rástel)
Conjugation
The infinitive is -st-ti, and the first of the two conjugations preserves this. However, a rarer variant form also exists in which -sti is instead split up as -s-ti, losing the final -t of the stem.
infinitive | rásti | |
---|---|---|
supine | rást, ràst | |
verbal noun | — | |
participles | adjectival | adverbial |
present active | rastóč | — |
past active | rástel | — |
past passive | — | — |
present indicative | imperative | |
1st singular | rástem | — |
2nd singular | rásteš | rásti |
3rd singular | ráste | — |
1st dual | rásteva | rástiva |
2nd dual | rásteta | rástita |
3rd dual | rásteta | — |
1st plural | rástemo | rástimo |
2nd plural | rástete | rástite |
3rd plural | rástejo | — |
Compound tenses (see rástel for all forms) | ||
past indic. | sem rástel | |
pluperfect indic. | sem bil rástel | |
future indic. | bom rástel | |
present cond. | bi rástel | |
past cond. | bi bil rástel |
infinitive | rásti | |
---|---|---|
supine | rást, ràst | |
verbal noun | — | |
participles | adjectival | adverbial |
present active | rasóč | — |
past active | rásel | — |
past passive | — | — |
present indicative | imperative | |
1st singular | rásem | — |
2nd singular | ráseš | rási |
3rd singular | ráse | — |
1st dual | ráseva | rásiva |
2nd dual | ráseta | rásita |
3rd dual | ráseta | — |
1st plural | rásemo | rásimo |
2nd plural | rásete | rásite |
3rd plural | rásejo | — |
Compound tenses (see rásel for all forms) | ||
past indic. | sem rásel | |
pluperfect indic. | sem bil rásel | |
future indic. | bom rásel | |
present cond. | bi rásel | |
past cond. | bi bil rásel |