COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname
| COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname | |
|---|---|
 Districts affected by COVID-19 as of 2 October 2020 | |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Suriname |
| First outbreak | Netherlands |
| Index case | Paramaribo |
| Arrival date | 13 March 2020 (1 year, 11 months and 6 days) |
| Confirmed cases | 26,802[1] (2021-08-17) |
| Active cases | 3,250 |
| Recovered | 22,863 |
Deaths | 689 |
| Government website | |
| https://covid-19.sr | |
The COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname was caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Suriname on 13 March 2020. The case was a person who travelled from the Netherlands the previous week.[2] On 3 April 2020, one person died.[3] On 3 May 2020, all nine cases had recovered.[4] On 18 May, an eleventh case was identified.[5]
Background
On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[6][7]
The case fatality rate for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[8][9] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[10][8]
Timeline
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March 2020
On 2 March, the so-called backtrack route between Guyana and Suriname was closed.[11] Originally the closure was for one week, but was extended until further notice.[12]
Suriname was considered a country at risk due to a 'weak' health system. On 3 March, Jerry Slijngard of the National Coordination Centre for Emergency Management (NCCR) was not sure whether the country could handle a massive outbreak: "If we are talking about two or three people, we can handle it, but a hundred or a thousand is a different ball game."[13]
On 13 March, Suriname's Vice President Ashwin Adhin announced the first confirmed case of coronavirus in the country: an individual who arrived from the Netherlands multiple days prior to testing positive. As a result, the country announced that its borders and all airports would shut down at midnight on 14 March.[2][14]
On 16 March, all schools were closed to prevent further spread.[15]
On 24 March, Antoine Joly, the French ambassador to Suriname, became the 8th victim.[16] Because he was in reasonable condition, he was transported to Cayenne in French Guiana on 29 March, where he quarantined.[17]
On 28 March, a partial lock-down was announced with a curfew between 20:00 and 06:00 by President Dési Bouterse.[18]
The measures were being supported by the maroon and indigenous people. Bono Velanti, granman (paramount chief) of the Ndyuka, instructed his people to remain at home.[19] Albert Aboikoni, granman of the Saramaka, sent an audio message to the chieftains to comply with the measures.[20]
Ipomadi Pelenapïn, granman of the Wayana announced the closure of their villages.[21]
The association of indigenous village chiefs in Suriname had announced their own COVID-19 measures.[22]
April 2020
On 2 April, three patients were released from the hospital after testing negative twice for the virus. They would remain under house quarantine for another week.[23] 274 people, including all healthcare workers had been tested.[24]
Minister Stephan Tsang of Trade, Industry and Tourism warned of difficult times ahead.[25] The country was already in a financial crisis made worse by a CCC+ (junk) rating by Standard & Poor's.[26]
On 3 April, Suriname announced the first COVID-19 related death. The victim was the husband of the first case.[3]
There were now 10 confirmed cases. The first case spread to five people, with two cases arriving from Aruba. One outgoing patient infected two people.[27][28][29][30]
The hospitals shared 30 ventilators between them,[31] and on 16 March the staff of the St. Vincentius Ziekenhuis complained about a lack of supplies to adequately deal with COVID-19 patients.[32]
On 6 April, a specialized COVID-19 ward was opened in the Regional Hospital Wanica in Lelydorp.[33] Wanica was Suriname's newest hospital facility which had opened earlier in the year on 7 February.[34] Wanica had already looked after ambassador Antoine Joly.[16] The hospital would also be used for quarantines.[32]
The International Academy of Suriname has announced that the examinations would continue online, and that students progress would be tracked through Distance education.[35]
On 7 April, Ambassador Joly recovered from COVID-19.[36] The three patients released on April 2 were declared officially to have been clear of the virus .[37]
André Misiekaba, minister of Social Affairs and Housing, said that Suriname was not in a condition yet for emergency funds, but that food packages had been distributed to a hundred villages in the interior.[38]
On 8 April, the Law Exceptional Condition COVID-19 (State of Emergency) was approved by the National Assembly.[39] The State of Emergency would go into effect for three months unless the National Assembly one-off extends the duration for another three months.[40]
Alibaba donated two ventilators, 30,000 masks and 2,000 tests to the Ministry of Health.[41]
On 9 April, the European Union announced a grant of €8M (US$8.6M), which would be implemented by the Caribbean Public Health Agency, for the fight against the coronavirus. Suriname is one of the 24 members of the CARPHA.[42]
On 11 April, President Bouterse came under scrutiny by attending a large NDP gathering in Flora and not observing social distancing despite addressing the nation on 10 April [43] and urging the population to observe social distancing.[44] On 13 April, Bouterse apologized for his behavior.[45]
On 13 April, two more patients were declared recovered.[46]
The population was still confronted with widespread price gouging.[47] The increased prices were not just related to the COVID-19 pandemic, but were also made worse by the Currency Law which passed on 24 March making transactions in foreign currencies illegal.[48]
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On 16 April, education lessons would start on broadcasting on television, because it had been unclear when regular classes could resume.[49]
Minouche Bromet of the Ministry of Health said that wearing a mask if you were healthy would not be necessary, because there was no community spread in Suriname.[50]
On 17 April, the repatriates of the 2 April flight from Miami, were released from quarantine after an exit screening. 41 people were placed in quarantine.[51] On 20 April, Jerry Slijngard said that the group still in quarantine tried to illegally cross the border.[52]
On 20 April, Cleopatra Jessurun, Director of the Ministry of Health, announced that the last three patients were in a healthy condition and would be released after they test negative twice for the virus.[53]
On 23 April, Medische Zending closed their outpatient clinic in Gonini Krikimofo. One of their employees had been in contact with one of the nine cases diagnosed on 22 April in Grand-Santi, French Guiana.[54] Other outpatient clinics in East Sipaliwini were only open for emergencies and pre-natal care, otherwise they would only be reachable by telephone.[55] Medische Zending announced on 25 April that they were sending an epidemiological team to Gonini Krikimofo who would screen and test the entire community. The French health authorities would do the same on the other side of the river.[56] The clinic in Gonini Krikimofo reopened on 30 April. The two employees were reported to be healthy and the clinic was disinfected. The population of Tjaboe Tabiki was screened and tested negative.[57] On 13 May, it was reported by the French health service that there had been no new cases in Grand-Santi for two weeks.[58]
On 29 April, another person was discharged from the hospital, after testing negative twice for the virus. The person would be officially declared recovered after still testing negative for another week. One individual was still reported to be at 's Lands Hospitaal.[59]
May 2020
On 2 May, the Star Nieuws reported that the last person was released from 's Lands Hospital after testing negative twice. The case who was diagnosed on 13 March had not yet officially been declared well.[60] The total number of people tested on 1 May was 532.[61]
On 3 May, Suriname officially became virus free. The Crisis Management Team reminded everybody that it was important to remain on alert, and that the border situation is would still be a source of concern.[4]
To guarantee the absence of COVID-19, samples were passed on the Pasteur Institute in Cayenne. Mirdad Kazanji, Director of the Pasteur Institute explained that both laboratories have been sending negative and positive samples to each other as a quality control.[62]
On 5 May, the World Bank provided US$412,000 to Suriname to purchase essential medical supplies for the country's emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[63]
On 9 May, President Bouterse announced an easing of the curfew from 23:00 to 05:00 starting 10 May. The lock-down on the Marowijne, Lawa and Tapanahony rivers would be eased from 18:00 to 06:00.[64] An economic support program would be put in place and resumption of schools was considered for 1 June.[65]
On 11 May, the government announced an economic support program. SRD 400 million had been reserved to aid the people and businesses.[66]
Huawei donated 1,000 tablets for e-learning.[67]
On 13 May, the Ministry of Finance announced a tax and work support program.[68]
On 18 May, an eleventh case was identified. It concerned an illegal immigrant who was detained together nine others near Nieuw Amsterdam.[5]
On 21 May, President Bouterse announced that the partial lockdown will be suspended on 24 and 25 May, due to the upcoming elections, but reinstated on the 26 May. Air travel inside Suriname would be allowed as of 22 May.[69]
On 25 May, a general election was held despite the pandemic.
On 28 May, a new case had been discovered. The person had returned from French Guiana to Albina.[70]
On 30 May, two more cases were discovered. In both cases the original is still unknown. An epidemiological team was sent to Marowijne District to investigate.[71] As a precautionary measure, internal flights were suspended,[72] and the bridge at Stolkertsijver was closed.[73] District commissioner Yvonne Pinas of Boven Saramacca was one of the people who tested positive.[74]
On 31 May, the village of Klaaskreek isolated itself at 18:00. Klaaskreek was the town where Yvonne Pinas had voted.[75] The number of active cases had increased to 23. The count of 24 was erroneous and had been corrected.[76]
June 2020
On 1 June, President Bouterse announced that the partial lock down would be back in effect from 18:00 to 06:00, and that all easements of restrictions would be cancelled.[77]
On 3 June, Vice President Ashwin Adhin announced a full lockdown starting 4 June 18:00 until 12 June 06:00. People were asked Stay-at-home by the government.[78] Supermarkets, bakeries, gas stations, etc. would remain open between 08:00 and 17:00.[79]
On 5 June, Nieuw Jacobkondre and surrounding villages were been placed in quarantine. Other villages in the interior were screened as well.[80]
On 6 June, Danielle Veira announced a total lockdown from Monday 8 June until 21 June, because the soft lock down was not being respected.[81]
On 8 June, people were only allowed outside based on their surname.[82] A second death was reported of a woman who died at Regional Hospital Wanica.[83] President Bouterse had announced that the victim was named Haidy Pinas.[84] Bouterse also announced the suspension of the country's vehicle registration system.[85]
On 11 June, it was announced that Jerry Slijngard, part of the COVID-19 management team and Director National Coordination Centre for Emergency, was diagnosed COVID-19 positive.[86] Of the 24 new infections, 11 were in the Brazilian border village of Sipaliwini.[87]
On 12 June, a third person died of COVID-19. He died at home, and because his symptoms were consistent with COVID-19, he received a postmortem test.[88]
On 14 June, the Government of Suriname has asked the Dutch Government for assistance. Specific details were sparse but it would have Surinamers voor Surinamers (SU4SU) included in the efforts.[89] SU4SU has started a fund raising program both in Suriname and the Netherlands that weekend.[90]
On 19 June, a mother who was diagnosed COVID-19 positive gave birth to a healthy son.[91]
On 20 June, it was announced that the lockdown would be softened from 21:00 until 05:00, starting on 21 June.[92]
On 27 June there was an increase of 76 cases. Most of the cases were the result of testing in the South-east of Suriname by Medische Zending, which resulted in further identifications of infections in most villages.[93]
July 2020
On 1 July, Paul Somohardjo, chairman of Pertjajah Luhur and coalition partner of the new government, had been diagnosed COVID-19 positive. He was taken to the Academic Hospital Paramaribo on the evening of 30 June.[94] Chan Santokhi, Gregory Rusland and Ronnie Brunswijk went into quarantine, because they had been in long meetings with Somohardjo about the new government. It is likely that more politicians went into quarantine.[95] Albert Ramdin told De Ware Tijd that the transition of government and election of a new President and Vice President would continue even though some arrangements and procedures had to be altered.[96] Both Rusland and Brunswijk had tested COVID-19 positive, however Santokhi tested negative.[97]
On 2 July, the National Assembly meeting of 2 July was rescheduled to 6 July. President Bouterse had tested negative.[98] All members of the National Assembly were tested as well, as a precautionary measure.[99]
On 3 July, Dew Sharman, Vice Chairman of the National Assembly, announced that the Presidential Elections would be postponed to 10 July at the earliest.[100] The Presidential Elections were held on 13 July.[101]
30 medical professionals from the Netherlands volunteered to assist in Suriname. The first seven had left for the country on 3 July. All are experienced with handling COVID-19.[102]
On 5 July, it was reported that 83 employees of Rosebel Gold Mines had contracted COVID-19. The employees have been locked down in the mines for three weeks now, and it is unclear when their quarantine would have ended.[103]
As of 6 July, educational institutions would be permitted to reopen in the upcoming examination year.[104] Schools in East Suriname would remain closed and villages remaining under lockdown due to area being a COVID-19 hotspot cluster. It concerns the area from Stoelmanseiland up to Antonio do Brinco.[105]
On 17 July, the new Minister of Health Amar Ramadhin announced a new policy, with changes on the publishing of data, where it would be once a day at 20:00 (UTC−3).[106]
On 20 July, a quarantine and isolation facility was to be set up at Stoelmanseiland. Between 11 July and 15 July, a medical team had been testing in the interior between Stoelmanseiland and Diitabiki, and 23 out of 32 people tested positive for symptoms.[107]
On 25 July, additional measure were announced by President Chan Santokhi, because the increase of cases:
- Wearing of face masks outdoors is mandatory.
- Keeping at least a distance of 1.5 meters for others.
- Regularly disinfecting of your hands.[108]
August 2020
On 11 August, Santokhi announced a series of new measures, requiring the use of face masks, reducing operating practices of restaurants, and prohibiting groups of 5 or people from gathering except for work, education, religious gatherings and funerals. The national curfew would be from 21:00 to 5:00 everyday until 23 August.[109]
On 19 August, Health Minister Ramadhin told reporters that the mortuary Wanica Regional Hospital had already reached its maximum capacity, and was critical of persons who continued to ignore measures put in place to curb the spread.[110]
October 2020
On 1 October, the new school year starts with preventive measures in place.
Preventive measures
A soft lock down has been announced from 4 June 18:00 until 12 June 06:00.[78] Changed to total lockdown from 8 June to 21 June.[81] People will only be allowed on the street on certain days based on their surname.[82]
From Sunday 21 June onwards, the following measures are in effect in Suriname:
- Lock down from 21:00 until 05:00.[92] As of 6 July, 22:00 to 05:00.[111] From 26 July until 10 August, a lock down from 21:00 until 05:00.[108]
- Hotels, casinos, churches, sport centres etc. remain closed. Other businesses can reopen.[92] As of 6 July, all can reopen with social distancing measures.[111] From 26 July until 10 August, closed again.[108]
- Restaurants are take-away only.[92]
- Internal flights are possible under restrictions.[92]
- Limited visitation of the elderly is possible.[92]
- State of Emergency. The government has extended powers like taking vacant buildings and offices for the use of quarantine.[39]
- Public transport has been halted.[112] As of 6 July, public transport can resume according to the health protocol.[111]
- Ban on gathering of groups with more than 5 people.[77]
- Schools will reopen on 6 July for students in their examination year.[104]
- From 26 July until 10 August, wearing of masks in mandatory.[108]
East-Suriname is excepted and will remain under lock down.[111] It concerns the area from Stoelmanseiland up to Antonio do Brinco.[105]
Old measures
The following measures were in effect in Suriname prior to 4 June:
- All borders, airports and ports [112] are closed for passengers.[2] Air travel within Suriname will be allowed as of 22 May.[69] Air travel inside Suriname has been suspended as of 31 May.[72]
- All schools are closed.[15]
- Ban on gathering of groups with more than 10 people.[112] From 10 May onward, groups with more than 50 people will be prohibited.[64] From 2 June onward, groups with more than 5 people will be prohibited.[77]
- Curfew between 20:00 and 06:00.[18] From 10 May, the curfew will be 23:00 to 05:00, but 18:00 to 06:00 on the Marowijne, Lawa and Tapanahony rivers.[64] From 2 June, curfew between 18:00 and 06:00.[77]
- Home quarantine is no longer allowed for new cases.[113]
- State of Emergency. The government has extended powers like taking vacant buildings and offices for the use of quarantine.[39]
- Public transport has been halted.[112]
- Businesses including hotels and sports schools can reopen as of 15 May providing they abide to the social distancing regulations.[114] As of 22 May, markets and casinos can reopen.[115] Restrictions have been reinstated as of 2 June.[77]
Repatriation
The closure of the borders initially caused concern with both foreigners inside Suriname and Surinamese people aboard. Suriname is a former colony of the Netherlands and shares Dutch as the official language, therefore there are always a large amount people going back and forth between the countries.
Initially some repatriation flights were allowed including flights to the Netherlands, but the level of infections aboard and the identification of two cases on a flight from Aruba [27] resulted in concern.
On 3 April, a group of Dutch people in Suriname were scheduled to be repatriated,[116] but there was an issue with the plane which resulted it in arriving a day late. They have been housed in two hotels where they had been quarantined, because Dutch citizens from Guyana were on the same flight.[117] A second plane had repatriated them on 5 April.[118]
On 7 April, Danielle Veira announced that the repatriation of Surinamese people abroad was postponed for the time being. It was also announced that home quarantine would not be allowed anymore, because of some people kept leaving their house despite being quarantined.[113][119]
As of 9 April, there were 893 stranded people of which 603 were in the Netherlands and 88 in the United States.[120] A total 513 people from abroad in Suriname had been repatriated.[121]
On 14 April, Danielle Veira contacted Irene Lalji, a lawyer representing a hundred stranded citizens in the Netherlands, to inform her that they were preparing to schedule a first flight for repatriation that week, and increasing the capacity for quarantine.[122]
On 15 April, a group of over Trinidadian 40 people within the country were reported to be in a "desperate" situation. 33 people of the group had been hired by Staatsolie, the national oil company. Despite multiple contacts to the Consulate and CARICOM, no plans to repatriate them had been made.[123] On 30 April, a chartered a plane was scheduled that was able to return them.[124]
The first repatriation flight from Amsterdam to Paramaribo had been announced on 19 April. On 20 April, the first 200 people were brought home. Veira stressed that they would be quarantined in Hotel Babylon,[125] Royal Torarica, and Eco resort[126] on return.[127] On 21 April, the plane returned Dutch people stranded in Suriname.[128]
On 24 April, Jessurun said that four bodies of recently deceased persons in the Netherlands could not be flown to Suriname. Two of the four had died of COVID-19.[129]
There is a group of Cubans stranded in Suriname without money. Veira has indicated that a repatriation flight is being considered.[130]
On 4 May, the next phase of repatriation was announced: 6 May: Belém, Brazil, 7 May: Guyana, 8 May: the second group of 220 people in the Netherlands.[131] The flight to Belém had been postponed to 7 May to allow for Brazilians stranded in Suriname.[132] 15 May: India.[133][114]
On 15 May, 11 out of 23 people from India had been repatriated via India. Those still stranded would have to contact the embassy.
As of 15 May, there would be no more repatriation flights for the time being, which has also been due to the fact that there were 576 people in quarantine.[114]
Borders
Suriname is bordered with French Guiana by the Marowijne river. There is no bridge between the two countries and border traffic has to use the ferry between Albina and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.[134] On 11 April, Suriname and France announced joint efforts to prevent illegal crossings of the Marowijne,[135] and established a contact point in Albina and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.[136] On 13 April, the Prefect of French-Guinea mobilized the army to guard the river for its entire length.[137] On 15 April, John Samuel, Chair of the political party De Nieuwe Wind and former consul to French Guinea, had been sent back when he tried to illegally cross the river to visit his family.[138] A total lockdown of the rivers on the eastern border was instituted from 30 April, and concerns the Marowijne, Lawa and Tapanahony river. Essential traffic would be allowed,[139] however people who illegally crossed the rivers would have to quarantine for 14 days.[52] As of 2 May, the use of skalians (gold dredges) on the rivers are forbidden. French Guiana had previously complained about the increase of – often illegal – gold prospectors.[140]
Suriname is bordered with Guyana by the Courantyne river, and border traffic has to use the Canawaima ferry between Nieuw Nickerie and Corriverton, Guyana.[134] A bridge between Apoera and Orealla in Guyana is still being planned.[141] On 21 April, Suriname and Guyana have agreed to allow legitimate trade over the Courantyne river, because the closure had resulted in food and fuel shortage in the Amerindian villages, Orealla and Siparuta.[142] The border will remain closed for people.[143]
Suriname's border with Brazil has been established by the Treaty of Limits[144] and mainly consists of impenetrable rainforest, and can be accessed through maroon and indigenous areas some of which are de jure autonomous like the Ndyuka.[145] The discovery of gold has led to illegal border crossings and the establishment of villages in the border area.[146] The international drugs trade also exploits the backdoor.[147]
Notable deaths
As of 17 April, there had only been one death reported in the Suriname, but there had been several COVID-19 related deaths of notable people abroad who either had a Surinamese nationality or a strong connection to Suriname.
On 30 March, Jorge Sebá, the honorary consul of Suriname for Brazil, died in Rio de Janeiro.[148]
On 3 April, Hans Prade, former ambassador of Suriname to the Netherlands and former President of the Surinamese Court of Auditors, died in Rotterdam.[149]
On 10 April, Bas Mulder, a Dutch Catholic priest known as a media personality and sports promoter, spend most of his life in Suriname, died in Boxmeer, the Netherlands.[150]
On 12 April, Surinamese-Dutch singer and percussionist Kishen Bholasing died in the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands at age of 35.[151][152]
On 20 July 2021, Theo Jubitana, Captain of the indigenous village Hollandse Kamp and Chairman of the Association of Indigenous Village Heads Suriname (VIDS) died at the age of 56.[153]
Crisis management
A National Public Health Response-team was set up in January 2020 who started to develop a response plan led by the director of the Ministry of Public Health, Cleopatra Jessurun. In cooperation with the Pan American Health Organization the Central Laboratory (Bureau voor Openbare Gezondheidszorg – B.O.G.) started to develop a test system for the virus which was completed on 5 February,[154] and train healthcare workers.[155] Tests were also being carried out at the Medical Microbiological Laboratory of the Academic Hospital Paramaribo.[156]
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In March 2020 the council of ministers appointed a COVID-19 management team under the lead of the director of the Ministry of Public Health Cleopatra Jessurun and further consisted of:
- The director of Directorate National Security, Colonel Danielle Veira
- The director National Coordination Centre for Disaster Management (NCCR), Jerry Slijngard
- Representatives of the following Ministries:
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture; Ministry of Trade and Industry; Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications; Ministry of Defence; Ministry of Justice and Police;
Ministry of Regional Development; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ministry of Social Affairs and Public Housing; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Agriculture, Husbandry and Fisheries; and
- Representative of the Bureau Public Health
- Representatives of several hospitals
To effectively manage the spread of the COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) and minimize the negative effects of the crisis on Public Health, Security and Economy, the government of Suriname made use of the Grondwet ('Constitution') article 72c to announce a Civil Exceptional Status and passed the Law 'Exceptional Condition' COVID-19 in Parliament.[157]
Article 2 of the Law allowed for the establishment of a COVID-19 Crisis Management Team led by the Vice President of Suriname, Ashwin Adhin, and consisting of minimally the following members appointed by the President of Suriname Desi D. Bouterse:[158]
- The director of Directorate National Security, colonel[159] Danielle Veira
- The director of the Ministry of Justice and Police
- The director of the Ministry of Public Health, Cleopatra Jessurun
- The director National Coordination Centre for Disaster Management (NCCR), Jerry Slijngard
- The head of the National Hospital Council (NZR)
- The head of the Epidemiological crisis committee (resorting under the director of the Bureau for Public Health and consisting of two Surinamese Epidemiologists and two Public Health specialists)
- Two Surinamese infectiologists and a clinician.
The Law 'Exceptional Condition' also enabled the establishment of a Parliamentary Crisis Commission with Jennifer Simons[160] as appointed head. The commission was to be informed of the measures the government took to manage the crisis and has the power to make binding decisions through Parliament on these measures with regard to compliance with the Law 'Exceptional Condition'.[161] The Law had been extended by one month as of 10 July 2020. Ashwin Adhin was replaced by Ronnie Brunswijk.[162]
After the general Surinamese 2020 election, the COVID-19 management team was replaced on 16 July 2020.[163] Danielle Veira and Jerry Slijngard retired and COVID-19 would no longer be managed by the Directorate National Security.[164] Amar Ramadhin, Minister of Health, became the new Director of the COVID-19 management team. Ronnie Brunswijk was placed in charged of the Parliamentary team. The medical team is headed by Marthelise Eersel, a former of Director Public Health. The medical specialists remain in the team.[165]
Statistics
New cases per day
Deaths per day
Active cases per day
Cases per district
| District | Number of cases[166] | Population (2012 census)[167] |
Cases per 100K |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paramaribo | 350 | 240,924 | 145 |
| Wanica | 166 | 118,222 | 140 |
| Sipaliwini | 85 | 37,065 | 229 |
| Brokopondo [lower-alpha 1] | 68 | 15,909 | 427 |
| Marowijne | 58 | 18,294 | 317 |
| Para | 19 | 24,700 | 77 |
| Saramacca | 4 | 17,480 | 23 |
| Nickerie | 3 | 34,233 | 9 |
| Commewijne | 0 | 31,420 | 0 |
| Coronie | 0 | 3,391 | 0 |
Notes:
Vaccination
Suriname is receives its vaccins from the COVAX system, that has made a selection for Suriname for the AstraZeneca vaccine.[168] In March 2021 Suriname received 50.000 vaccines from India as a friendly gesture.[169] In the midst of April the number of vaccines run out,[170] and at the beginning of May Suriname requested the Netherlands for help.[171] On 15 May 2021, the Netherlands replied to donate 700.000 COVID-19 vaccines to Suriname. This is enough to vaccinate all adults in Suriname.[172]
See also
- Caribbean Public Health Agency
- COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana
- COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana
- COVID-19 pandemic by country
- COVID-19 pandemic in South America
References
- ↑ "COVID-19". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- 1 2 3 "Suriname confirms first coronavirus case, authorities will close borders". Reuters. 13 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
- 1 2 "Suriname confirms first death". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- 1 2 "Suriname free of COVID-19 positives border situation requires alertness (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- 1 2 "Again a COVID-19 infected person in Suriname". Covid-19 Suriname. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ↑ Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- 1 2 "Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ "High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ↑ "World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". www.wfsahq.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ "Travel between Guyana and Suriname via backtrack closed for one week due to Corona virus". Suriname News. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "Backtrack route with Guyana closed until further orders". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "NCCR alert for possible Corona outbreak". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Suriname closes its borders for travelers (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- 1 2 "All school closed from Monday due to coronavirus (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- 1 2 "French Ambassador in isolation in Wanica Hospital (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Original from Sarthe, the French ambassador to Suriname has been infected (in French)". Ouest France. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- 1 2 "Government guarantees medical aid, food and order with partial lock-down (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Paramount Chief Ndyuka takes action against Covid 19 (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ↑ "Granman Saamaka alerts tribes on measures again Covid-19 (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ↑ "Wayana barricade airstrip due to Covid 19 (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ↑ "Measures of indigenous villages against Covid-19 (in Dutch)". Vereniging van Inheemse Dorpshoofden in Suriname (vids.sr). Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Covid 19: Three people released from 's Lands Hospitaal (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Siterep 2 April 2020 (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Suriname was to embrace for economical hit after Covid 19 (in Dutch)". United News. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ↑ "Rating Suriname once again lower, now CCC+ (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- 1 2 "Situation Report 8 April 2020 (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ↑ "Fifth person tested positive for Covid-19 (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Suriname has currently 10 covid victims (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Situation Report 2 May 2020 (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "If 100 people get ill, many will die (in Dutch)". Dagblad Suriname. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- 1 2 "Health works not protected enough against Covid 19 (in Dutch)". Suriname Nieuws. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ↑ "AZP team has prepared Wanica Hospital for Covid care (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ↑ "Regional Hospital Wanica enters first phase (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ↑ "Private school education on distance (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ↑ "Interview with the French ambassador to Suriname, Joly Antoine – Guyane (youtube) (in French)". Guyane la 1ère via youtube. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "Three Covid 19 patients officially declared cured (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Minister Misiekaba: We are not in the phase for emergency funds (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- 1 2 3 "Law Exceptional Condition Covid 19 has been approved (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Law Exceptional Condition (pdf in Dutch)" (PDF). Foundation for Law in Suriname (SRiS). Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Ministry of Health receives protective equipment against Covid 19 (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ↑ "EU provides US$8.6M grant for C'bean to combat COVID-19". Kaieteur News. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ↑ "Measures Covid 19 extended by two weeks situation border area alarming (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ↑ "Bouterse flounts Covid 19 measures (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ↑ "President says 'sorry' to society (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ↑ "6 people who were infected, are cured (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Citizen about high shop prices: you almost have no choice (in Dutch)". Dagblad Suriname. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ↑ "Surinamese banks on strike in protest against Currency Law (in Dutch)". NRC Handelsblad. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ↑ "education lessons on television start today in Suriname (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ↑ "Ministry of Healty announces right moment to use masks (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ↑ "Repatriants Miami out of quarantine (nl)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- 1 2 "Persons who illegally cross the border are arrested (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ↑ "Last COVID patients recover well (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ↑ "Medische Zending closes outpatient clinic in Goninikrikimofo due to Covid-19 contact (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ↑ "Medische Zending adjust service to East Suriname (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ↑ "Medische Zending will send epidemiological team to East-Suriname". waterkant.net. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ↑ "Outpatient clinic Gonini Krikimofo open again (in Dutch)". Covid-19 Suriname. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus : l'épidémie de Covid-19 à Grand-Santi circonscrite, aucun nouveau cas depuis le 30 avril". Guyane la 1ère. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
- ↑ "Covid 19: only more person discharged from hospital (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19: No infected person anymore in Suriname (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ↑ "More than 500 people tested for COVID-19 (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ "Suriname got rid of the Covid-19 epidemic and is preparing for Presidential elections on 25 May (in French)". Guyane la 1ère. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ "World Bank Supports COVID-19 Medical Response in Suriname". World Bank. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- 1 2 3 "President Bouterse announces modified measures COVID-19". Covid Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ↑ "President: "Verlenging en aanpassing lockdown"". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ↑ "Government announces social package with increases (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ↑ "Huawei donates 1000 tablets for distance learning (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 tax and work support measures (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
- 1 2 "President no lock-down on 24 and 25 May (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- ↑ "Weer een COVID-19- positief geteste case erbij". Covid Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ↑ "Update recent COVID-19 infections (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- 1 2 "Code red: no internal flights (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID 19 border controls sharpened bridge Stolkersijvers closed (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. 31 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ↑ "DC Pinas tested positive for COVID-19 Voting bureau members Sipaliwini in quarantine". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). 31 May 2020.
- ↑ "Klaaskreek closed off; dc Pinas has voted there (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ↑ "23 persons tested positive on Coronavirus, 13 active cases". Waterkant.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Lockdown as of 2 June from 6 to 6 (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- 1 2 "Starting tomorrow soft lock down in Suriname (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ↑ "Vice-president bevestigd total lockdown in Suriname tot 12 juni". Waterkant. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ↑ "Nyun Jacobkondre and surrounding villages in quarantine (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- 1 2 "Veira: 'Twee weken total lockdown!'" [Veira: 'Two weeks total lockdown!']. De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- 1 2 "Traffic in Suriname is limited by licence plate procedure (in Dutch)". Waterkant. 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ↑ "Second COVID-19 death in Suriname (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ↑ "President Bouterse: 'Overleden corona dode is mevrouw Pinas'". Waterkant (in Dutch). 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
News report modified 9 June 2020 with full name
- ↑ "Licence plate procedure will not be applied (in Dutch)". Waterkant. 8 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ↑ "Jerry Slijngard infect with new Coronavirus (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19: Third person probably died at home (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ "Covid counter increased with 19; another live to mourn (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "Surinaamse stichting Su4Su zamelt vanaf dit weekend ook geld in Nederland in". Waterkant (in Dutch). 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ↑ "su4su". Surinamers voor Surinamers (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ↑ "Mother with Coronavirus gave birht to healty baby in Suriname (in Dutch)" (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "President kondigt versoepeling totale lockdown aan". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ↑ "MZ shows overview of swabs and test results (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ↑ "Breaking: Paul Somohardjo besmet met COVID-19". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ↑ "Hele politieke top moet vanaf vandaag verplicht in quarantaine vanwege coronageval". GFC Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ↑ "Vervroegde overdracht regeermacht nog op spoor". De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ↑ "Brunswijk ook positief; DNA-vergadering uitgesteld". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ↑ "DNA-vergadering weer verschoven; president negatief getest". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "SVJ-voorzitter: "Journalisten moeten in zelfquarantaine"". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ↑ "Presidentsverkiezing niet eerder dan 10 juli". De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- ↑ "Verkiezing president en vicepresident op 13 juli". Dagblad Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ↑ "Nederlandse medici komen Suriname vrijwillig helpen tegen corona". Waterkant (in Dutch). Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- ↑ "Nu 83 medewerkers Rosebel Gold Mines positief getest op coronavirus en 26 genezen". Waterkant (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 July 2020.
- 1 2 "Onderwijssituatie binnenland onduidelijk door afgrendeling dorpen". De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 July 2020.
- 1 2 "Oost-Suriname hotzone; scholen blijven gesloten". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ↑ "Nieuwe minister Volksgezondheid: focus op bewustwording bij aanpak COVID-19". Waterkant. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ↑ "Isolatie en quarantaine accommodatie te Stoelmanseiland in voorbereiding". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 "President Santokhi verscherpt Covid-maatregelen". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 July 2020.
- ↑ McLeod, Sheri-Kae (11 August 2020). "Suriname Government Extends National Curfew to Curb COVID-19 Spike". Caribbean News. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ↑ McLeod, Sheri-Kae (19 August 2020). "Suriname, Bahamas Record Deaths, as Haiti, St. Lucia and Trinidad Record More Cases". Caribbean News. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 "Overheid versoepelt coronamaatregelen ondanks stijging besmettingen". Waterkant (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 "Situation Report 6 April 2020". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- 1 2 "For now no repatriation; commotion about quarantine decision (in Dutch)". Star News. Retrieved 7 April 2002.
- 1 2 3 "Covid-19: At the moment 576 people in quarantine (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Public markets and casinos open again (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ↑ "Schedule repatriation on schedule (in Dutch)". Dagblad Suriname. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Passengers stranded in Suriname due to broken plane (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ↑ "TUI sends seoond plane to Suriname to collect stranded passengers (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ↑ "Returnees all in government quarantine (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "893 stranded Surinamese abroad (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ↑ "513 stranded travelers returned to Suriname (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Lalji: Veira has contact us (in Dutch)". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ↑ "More than 40 Trinidadian desperate in Suriname". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ↑ "Stranded Trinidadian will finally go home (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ↑ "Repatriates will be well taken care off (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ↑ "Repatriants Netherlands on their way to Suriname (in Dutch)". Dagblad Suriname. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ↑ "First repatriation flight from the Netherlands in preparation". Covid Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ↑ "Next week SLM also returns stranded travellers back to Netherlands (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19: Seven of the ten infected people cared (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ↑ "Cubans without money stranded in Suriname (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ↑ "More Surinamese are being brought back (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ "Repatriation flight Belém cancelled, but not due to suspected COVID-19 cases (in Dutch)". Waterkant.net. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ↑ "Kolonel Veira: "Gestrande burgers uit India komen 17 of 19 mei"". Dagblad Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- 1 2 "Transport". Ministry of Transport, Communication and Tourism (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "Measures Suriname and France at border to prevent Coronavirus (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ "Joint Press Statement Suriname and France regarding measures at border river in order to prevent Covid 19 in the Maroni area (in Dutch)". Nationaal Informatie Instituut De Boodschap. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ "French ambassador: Border of 520 kilometres is a challenge (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Chair De Nieuwe Wind: "I fully acknowledge my mistake and any consequences (in Dutch)"". Suriname Herald. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ↑ "Total lockdown of the rivers on the eastern border Suriname until 10 May (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ↑ "Skalian Operations Illegal during lock down Eastern border (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ↑ "Guyana Shield Hub" (PDF). IIRSA.org. 25 July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "Guyana, Suriname agree riverine residents can move along Corentyne". Stabroek News. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ↑ "Suriname and Guyana make agreements for foraging river communities (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ↑ "Tratado de Limites Brasil / Países-Baixos ( 5.maio.1906 )". National Scientific Computing Laboratory (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "The Ndyuka Treaty Of 1760: A Conversation with Granman Gazon". Cultural Survival. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "Brazilians conquer Suriname (in Dutch)". One World.nl. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "Opgerolde Brazilian Air Cocaine flew drugs to Suriname (in Dutch)". Waterkant.net. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "Honorary consul of Suriname Jorge Sebá died in Rio from Covid-19 (in Dutch)". De Ware Tijd. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Today funeral former President Surinames Court of Auditors Hans Prade (in Dutch)". Waterkant. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ ""Bas Mulder", an example..." Dagblad Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ↑ "Kishen Bholasing verruilt het tijdelijke voor het eeuwige". 12 April 2020.
- ↑ "Kishen Bholasing, baithak gana-zanger, is niet meer". DWTonline.com.
- ↑ "Inheemse leider Theo Jubitana heengegaan". De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ↑ "WHO warns for Corona pandemic Suriname also prepares". Suriname News. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "BOG replies to Huisden regarding Covid-19 (in Dutch)". Star Nieuws. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Situation report 2 April 2020 (in Dutch)". Covid Suriname. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ DNV-01. "Vandaag eerste formele bijeenkomst COVID-19 Crisis Management Team". COVID SURINAME. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ↑ "Law Exceptional Condition" (PDF).
- ↑ "Colonel Veira in home quarantine". Dagblad Suriname. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "Law Exceptional Condition after heavy debate and marathonsessions approved dna (in Dutch)". United News. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ↑ "Law Exceptional Condition" (PDF).
- ↑ "Wet Burgerlijke Uitzonderingstoestand met 1 maand verlengd". Dagblad Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ↑ "Malti Sardjoe mogelijk nieuwe voorzitter Covid-19 Managementteam". GFC Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19: Vandaag 33 besmettingen; 29 personen genezen". Suriname Herald (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-maatregelen zullen worden aangescherpt". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 July 2020.
- 1 2 "Covid-19: Meeste geïnfecteerden in middelbare leeftijd". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ↑ "Resorts in Suriname Census 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ↑ Starnieuws, Geen Pfizer maar AstraZeneca vaccin voor Suriname, 2 February 2021 (in Dutch)
- ↑ Dagblad Suriname, Eerste 1.000 vaccins uit India overhandigd, 2 March 2021 (in Dutch)
- ↑ Starnieuws, SRD 16 miljoen nodig voor vaccinaties; fonds ingesteld, 11 April 2021 (in Dutch)
- ↑ De Ware Tijd, Rotary Suriname ondersteunt Covid-19-vaccinatiecampagne, 1 May 2021 (in Dutch)
- ↑ Starnieuws, Suriname krijgt 700.000 Covid-19-vaccins van Nederland, 15 May 2021 (in Dutch)
External links
- Official site, Covid-19 Suriname
- Consulytic, Dashboard Caribbean
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