MVC COVID-19 vaccine

MVC COVID-19 vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetSARS-CoV-2
Vaccine typeProtein subunit
Clinical data
Other namesMVC-COV1901
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular
Legal status
Legal status
  • Full and emergency authorizations
Full list of MVC vaccine authorizations
Identifiers
DrugBank

The MVC COVID-19 vaccine (Chinese: 高端新冠肺炎疫苗; pinyin: Gāoduān xīnguàn fèiyán yìmiáo; Wade–Giles: Kaotuan hsinkuan feiyen imiao), designated MVC-COV1901 and also known as the Medigen COVID-19 vaccine, is a protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation in Taiwan, American company Dynavax Technologies and the U.S. National Institutes of Health.[1][2]

Technology

This vaccine is made by the recombinant S-2P spike protein.[3] It is adjuvanted with CpG 1018 supplied by Dynavax, which was used in a previously FDA-approved adult hepatitis B vaccine.[3][4]

Clinical trials

On 16 February 2020, Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation (MVC) signed a collaboration agreement with US National Institutes of Health (NIH) for COVID-19 vaccine development. The partnership will allow MVC to obtain NIH's COVID-19 vaccine and related biological materials to conduct animal studies in Taiwan.[5] On 23 July 2020, Medigen announced collaboration with Dynavax Technologies to develop COVID-19 vaccine.[4][6]

On 13 October 2020, MVC received Taiwan's government subsidies for the initiation of Phase 1 Clinical Trial in Taiwan starting early October. The Phase 1 Clinical Trial was held at National Taiwan University Hospital with 45 participants ranging the age of 20–50.[7][8]

On 25 January 2021, MVC initiated Phase 2 Clinical Trial for its COVID-19 vaccine candidate MVC-COV1901 with the first participant being dosed. The Phase 2 Clinical Trial for the MVC COVID-19 vaccine was a randomized, double-blinded, and multi-center clinical trial, planned to enroll 3,700 participants of any age 20 above.[3][9][10]

On 10 June 2021, MVC released its COVID-19 vaccine Phase 2 interim analysis results, which demonstrates good safety profile in participants. The Phase 2 Clinical Trial in the end included 3,800 participants with all participants receiving second dose by 28 April 2021. MVC announced that it will request Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) with the concluding of the Phase 2 Clinical Trial.[11]

Preliminary results from Phase I trials on 77 participants were published in June 2021, indicating what the authors described as "robust" immune system response elicited by the vaccine. The study assessed the humoral immune response by measuring quantities of binding IgG to S protein, and also the cellular immune response by measuring the quantities of IFN-γ and IL-4 secreting T cells.[12]

On 20 July 2021, MVC filed a Phase 3 Clinical Trial IND application with Paraguay's regulatory authority, which was later approved. The Phase 3 Clinical Trial, however, was different from regular Phase 3 Clinical Trial, which uses immune-bridging trial to compare the performance of MVC COVID-19 vaccine with the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.[13] The decision was controversial as immuno-bridging trials were not as widely accepted as disease endpoint trials, though they were later considered to be acceptable by some regulators.[14]

On 26 October 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) selected Medigen vaccine as one of its Solidarity Trial Vaccines. The trial is designed to rapidly evaluate the efficacy and safety of promising new candidate vaccines selected by an independent vaccine prioritization advisory group. [15]

Adolescents trial

In July 2021, Medigen commenced phase II trials for adolescents aged 12–18.[16]

Authorization

On July 19, 2021, MVC COVID-19 vaccine obtained Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) approval from the Taiwanese government after fulfilling EUA requirements set by Taiwanese authority.[17] The EUA, however, was met with controversy due to the lack of efficacy data and Phase 3 Clinical Trial. The EUA was granted instead based on the immunobridging study in comparison with antibody found on people who received AstraZeneca vaccine. On August 23, 2021, President Tsai Ing-Wen was among the first Taiwanese to receive a dose of the vaccine.[18]

Tsai Ing-Wen receiving a dose of the vaccine

Controversies

In May 2021, when Taiwan experienced an outbreak of domestic cases, government announced the vaccine would be available in July despite the result of the phase 2 trial had yet to be announced. In June 2021, the vaccine had just completed the second phase clinical trail, but the vaccine was sent to Taiwan FDA for the application of EUA.[19] Seroconversion rate was used as the surrogate endpoint, though there was lack of evidence at that time. Compared to EUA of vaccine issued in the US, both Moderna and BNT/Pfizer vaccine finished interim analysis from Phase 3 study, which Medigen vaccine skipped.[20]

The controversy arose because immunobridging was not widely accepted as sufficient for EUA at the time, but it has now been accepted by UK, Australia, Canada, Singapore, Switzerland among other countries. [14] US FDA also authorized Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for children 5 to 11 Years old based on immunobridging. [21][22]

References

  1. ↑ "Dynavax and Medigen Announce Collaboration to Develop a Novel Adjuvanted COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate". GlobeNewswire. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  2. ↑ 黃驛淵 (10 June 2021). "【獨家】【國產疫苗解盲1】高端實體疫苗針劑首曝光 「每天9萬劑」生產基地直擊" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Mirror Media.
  3. 1 2 3 "Medigen Vaccine Biologics COVID-19 Vaccine Adjuvanted with Dynavax's CpG 1018 Announces First Participant Dosed in Phase 2 Clinical Trial in Taiwan". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Medigen Collaborates with Dynavax to Develop Novel Adjuvanted COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  5. ↑ "MVC and NIH Collaborate to Develop COVID-19 Vaccine". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  6. ↑ "MVC Signed an License Agreement with NIH on COVID-19 Vaccine". Medigen. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  7. ↑ "Medigen's COVID-19 Vaccine Combined with Dynavax's CpG 1018 Adjuvant Receives Taiwan Government Subsidy with First Participant Dosed in Early October". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  8. ↑ "A Study to Evaluate MVC-COV1901 Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Adult (COVID-19)". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ "A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of MVC-COV1901 Against COVID-19". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ "A Study to Evaluate MVC-COV1901 Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Elderly Adults". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. 28 March 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ↑ "MVC Released COVID-19 Vaccine Phase 2 Interim Analysis Result". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  12. ↑ Hsieh SM, Liu WD, Huang YS, Lin YJ, Hsieh EF, Lian WC, Chen C, Janssen R, Shih SR, Huang CG, Tai IC, Chang SC (25 June 2021). "Safety and immunogenicity of a Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine (MVCCOV1901) Adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and Aluminum Hydroxide in healthy adults: A Phase 1, dose-escalation study". EClinicalMedicine. 38: 100989. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100989. ISSN 2589-5370. PMC 8233066. PMID 34222848.
  13. ↑ "MVC Announces Paraguay Approval of IND Application for Phase 3 Clinical Trial". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  14. 1 2 "Immuno-bridging studies are sufficient for authorising new COVID-19 vaccines, say regulators". European Pharmaceutical Review. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  15. ↑ "WHO Statement on Solidarity Trial Vaccines".
  16. ↑ "A Study to Evaluate MVC-COV1901 Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Adolescents". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ↑ "MVC COVID-19 Vaccine Obtains Taiwan EUA Approval". www.medigenvac.com. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  18. ↑ Taiwan begins contested rollout of new Medigen domestic vaccine, Nikkei Asia, Erin Hale, August 23, 2021
  19. ↑ 潘姿羽. "高端疫苗拚上市 解盲、二期臨床試驗一次看懂". www.cna.com.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 中央社 CNA. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  20. ↑ 聯合新聞網 (18 June 2021). "缺三期試驗 國產疫苗EUA遭質疑 | 聯合新聞網：最懂你的新聞網站". 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  21. ↑ "US FDA Signals New COVID-19 Vaccines Could Be Authorized With Just Immunogenicity Studies".
  22. ↑ "FDA Review of Effectiveness and Safety of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Children 5 through 11 Years of Age Emergency Use Authorization Amendment".
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