Tetrahydrocannabutol

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabutol (tetrahydrocannabinol-C4, THC-C4, Δ9-THCB, (C4)-Δ9-THC, butyl-THC) is a phytocannabinoid found in cannabis that is a homologue of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of Cannabis.[1] Structurally, they are only different by the pentyl side chain being replaced by a butyl side chain.

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-C4
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Identifiers
  • (−)-(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-butyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC20H28O2
Molar mass300.442 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCCCC1=CC2=C([C@@H]3C=C(CC[C@H]3C(O2)(C)C)C)C(=C1)O
  • InChI=1S/C20H28O2/c1-5-6-7-14-11-17(21)19-15-10-13(2)8-9-16(15)20(3,4)22-18(19)12-14/h10-12,15-16,21H,5-9H2,1-4H3/t15-,16-/m1/s1 ☒N
  • Key:QHCQSGYWGBDSIY-HZPDHXFCSA-N ☒N
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Pharmacology

Δ9-THCB, showed an affinity for the human CB1 (Ki = 15 nM) and CB2 receptors (Ki = 51 nM) comparable to that of Δ9-THC.[1] The formalin test in vivo was performed on Δ9-THCB in order to reveal possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.[1] The tetrad test in mice showed a partial agonistic activity of Δ9-THCB toward the CB1 receptor.[1] THCB has rarely been isolated from cannabis samples,[1][2] but appears to be less commonly present than THC or THCV. It is metabolized in a similar manner to THC.[3]

In an analysis by the University of Rhode Island on phytocannabinoids it was found that THC-Butyl had the highest 3C-like protease inhibitor activity against COVID-19 out of all the phytocannabinoids tested within that study but not as high as the antiviral drug GC376 (81% THCB vs 100% GC376). [4]

Chemistry

Similarly to THC, it has 7 double bond isomers and 30 stereoisomers.[5] The Δ8 isomer is known as a synthetic cannabinoid under the code name JWH-130,[6] and the ring-opened analogue cannibidibutol is also known.[7] THC-Butyl can be synthesized from 4-Butylresorcinol.

Cannabidibutol (CBDB), 60113-11-3
JWH-130 (Δ8-THCB), 51768-59-3

Legality

THCB is not scheduled internationally under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, but may be controlled under analogue law in some individual jurisdictions as a homologue of THC.

See also

References
  1. Linciano P, Citti C, Luongo L, Belardo C, Maione S, Vandelli MA, et al. (January 2020). "Isolation of a High-Affinity Cannabinoid for the Human CB1 Receptor from a Medicinal Cannabis sativa Variety: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabutol, the Butyl Homologue of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol". Journal of Natural Products. 83 (1): 88–98. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00876. PMID 31891265. S2CID 209519659.
  2. Harvey DJ (April 1976). "Characterization of the butyl homologues of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol in samples of cannabis by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 28 (4): 280–285. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1976.tb04153.x. PMID 6715. S2CID 32734030.
  3. Brown NK, Harvey DJ (April 1988). "In vivo metabolism of the n-butyl-homologues of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol by the mouse". Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems. 18 (4): 417–427. doi:10.3109/00498258809041678. PMID 2840781.
  4. Liu C, Puopolo T, Li H, Cai A, Seeram NP, Ma H (September 2022). "Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from a Library of Minor Cannabinoids by Biochemical Inhibition Assay and Surface Plasmon Resonance Characterized Binding Affinity". Molecules. 27 (18): 6127. doi:10.3390/molecules27186127. PMC 9502466. PMID 36144858.
  5. "Verschil THC Olie, CBD olie, wietolie, hennepolie en cannabisolie?". Dutch-Headshop.com. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  6. Bow EW, Rimoldi JM (2016). "The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation". Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry. 8: 17–39. doi:10.4137/PMC.S32171. PMC 4927043. PMID 27398024.
  7. Hanuš LO, Meyer SM, Muñoz E, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Appendino G (November 2016). "Phytocannabinoids: a unified critical inventory". Natural Product Reports. 33 (12): 1357–1392. doi:10.1039/c6np00074f. PMID 27722705.
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