業
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Translingual
Han character
業 (radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿金廿木 (TCTD), four-corner 32904, composition ⿱业𦍎)
References
- KangXi: page 541, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15170
- Dae Jaweon: page 928, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1247, character 7
- Unihan data for U+696D
Chinese
| trad. | 業 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 业* | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 業 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (業) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 礏 | *ŋoːb |
| 業 | *ŋab |
| 鄴 | *ŋab |
| 驜 | *ŋab |
| 嶪 | *ŋab |
| 鸈 | *ŋab |
| 澲 | *ŋab |
Etymology
- work; achievement
- Etymology not clear.
Pronunciation
Definitions
業
- profession; business; trade
- merits and achievements; work
- course of study
- property; estate
- † lofty; large
- 戎車既駕，四牡業業。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Róng chē jì jià, sì mǔ yèyè. [Pinyin]
- His war carriage is yoked; The four steeds are lofty.
戎车既驾，四牡业业。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) already
- (Buddhism) karma
Compounds
Derived terms from 業
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Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Compounds containing 業
- 業因 (gōin), 業縁 (gōen, “(Buddhism) one's actions in life that affect one's karma”)
- 業果 (gōka, “(Buddhism) the results of one's karma”)
- 業火 (gōka, “hellfire”)
- 業海 (gōkai, “a metaphor for the world as a sea of sin”)
- 業界 (gyōkai, “industry, sector”)
- 業界誌 (gyōkai), 業界紙 (gyōkai, “an industry magazine, a trade paper, a business journal”)
- 業感 (gōkan, “(Buddhism) the joys and sorrows experienced as the results of one's karma”)
- 業感縁起 (gōkan engi, “(Buddhism) a doctrine in Hinayana Buddhism”)
- 業鬼 (gōki, “(Buddhism) a demon invited or created by sin”)
- 業々 (gyōgyō, “fearfully; splendidly”)
- 業苦 (gōku, “(Buddhism) karmic suffering: suffering experienced in this life due to the sins committed in a previous life”)
- 業垢 (gōku, “(Buddhism) evil acts born of sin”)
- 業根 (gōkon, “the root of sin, the ignorance and worldly desires that give rise to sin”)
- 業作 (gyōsa, “doing work”)
- 業曝 (gōsarashi), 業晒 (gōsarashi, “enduring shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life; a no-good”)
- 業師 (wazashi, “a master of various techniques in sumo; a schemer; a shrewd person”)
- 業識 (gōshiki), 業識 (gosshiki, “(Buddhism) a consciousness born out of sin, or moved by ignorance”)
- 業者 (gyōsha, “a trader, a businessman/businesswoman, a dealer”)
- 業主 (gyōshu, “a business owner”)
- 業種 (gyōshu, “a business type or category”)
- 業所 (naritokoro, “a field to farm and a farmhouse; a second home, a vacation home”)
- 業障 (gyōshō), 業障 (gosshō, “(Buddhism) one of the three obstacles, born of sins in a past life”)
- 業人 (gōnin, “a person suffering in this life for the sins committed in a previous life; a sinner; a no-good”)
- 業人 (wazabito, “a person with excellent technique”)
- 業績 (gyōseki, “earnings; achievements; results”)
- 業前 (wazamae, “skill, ability”)
- 業体 (gyōtei), 業体 (gyōtai, “occupation, profession; a deed, an act; appearance”)
- 業態 (gyōtai, “business category, business format; business conditions”)
- 業恥 (gōhaji, “extreme dishonor, severe humiliation”)
- 業通 (gōtsū, “(Buddhism) supernatural powers or abilities earned karmically through good deeds in past lives”)
- 業突く張り (gōtsukubari, “bigoted; obstinate, stubborn”)
- 業病 (gōbyō, “disease suffered as a result of sins committed in a previous life; an intractable or incurable disease”)
- 業風 (gōfū, “the powerful winds of sin that blow in hell”)
- 業腹 (gōhara, “resentment, resentful”)
- 業物 (wazamono), 業良し (wazayoshi, “a sword or other blade made by a master craftsman”)
- 業平 (narihira, “a lady's man; a lech”)
- 業平竹 (narihira dake, “a type of bamboo (Semiarundinaria fastuosa)”)
- 業並み (wazanami, “skill, ability”)
- 業報 (gōhō), 業報 (goppō, “retribution for past sins; the results of one's karma”)
- 業報人 (gōhōnin), 業報人 (goppōnin, “a person suffering retribution for past sins”)
- 業魔 (gōma, “(Buddhism) the metaphorical demon of one's own sins, obstructing the way to nirvana”)
- 業務 (gyōmu, “business, business affairs, work duties”)
- 業務管理 (gyōmu kanri, “business management, operational control”)
- 業務権 (gyōmuken, “business right”)
- 業務執行 (gyōmu shikkō, “the carrying out of business, business operations”)
- 業務執行者 (gyōmu shikkōsha, “operating officer”)
- 業務執行社員 (gyōmu shikkō shain, “managing partner, executive member”)
- 業務上の秘密 (gyōmujō no himitsu, “a trade secret”)
- 業務上の事故 (gyōmujō no jiko, “an on-the-job accident”)
- 業務上横領 (gyōmujō ōryō, “embezzlement”)
- 業務上過失 (gyōmujō kashitsu, “professional negligence”)
- 業務妨害 (gyōmu bōgai), 業務執行妨害 (gyōmu shikkō bōgai, “interference in the execution of one's duty, obstruction of business”)
- 業厄 (gōyaku, “a disaster or misfortune suffered as retribution for past sins”)
- 業余 (gyōyo, “work on the side”)
- 業力 (gōriki, “(Buddhism) the power of karma to bring about reward or retribution”)
- 業歴 (gyōreki, “a business calendar”)
- 業惑 (gōwaku, “sin and worldly desires; retribution for sin and worldly desires”)
- 商業 (shōgyō, “commerce, trade, business”)
- 工業 (kōgyō, “industry, manufacturing”)
- 企業 (kigyō, “company, corporation, enterprise”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 業 |
| ぎょう Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
/ɡepu/ → /ɡefu/ → /ɡeu/ → /ɡjoː/
From Middle Chinese 業 (MC ŋɨɐp̚). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.
Noun
業 (hiragana ぎょう, rōmaji gyō, historical hiragana げふ)
- work, task, business: the job at hand
- profession, business, trade: what one does to earn a living
- studies, scholarship (the act of being a scholar), the arts
- 医科の業に着手する
- ika no gyō ni chakushu suru
- set to studying medicine, start one's medical studies
- 医科の業に着手する
Proverbs
- 業は勤むるに精しく嬉しむに荒む (gyō wa tsuttomuru ni kuwashiku tanoshimu ni susamu): study hard and become wise, slack off and stay dumb
- 業は道に依って賢し (gyō wa michi ni yotte kashikoshi): the ones doing it are the experts
- 業を創め、統を垂る (gyō o hajime, tō o taru): a man of virtue builds up his skills, and then passes them on to those who come after
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 業 |
| ごう Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → /ɡou/ → /ɡoː/
From Middle Chinese 業 (MC ŋɨɐp̚). The goon, so likely an earlier borrowing. Translation from the Sanskrit term कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”).
Noun
Idioms
- 業が深い (gō ga fukai): to be deeply sinful
- 業が煮える (gō ga nieru), 業が煎れる (gō ga ireru), 業が湧く (gō ga waku): to be irritated, to be annoyed, to get angry
- 業を煮やす (gō o niyasu), 業を沸かす (gō o wakasu): to lose one's temper, to fly off the handle
- 業に沈む (gō ni shizumu): to sink into sin and despair
- 業の風 (gō no kaze): the powerful winds of sin that blow in hell
- 業の秤 (gō no hakari): a mythological scale that weighs the sins of the dead
- 業を曝す (gō o sarasu): to endure shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life
Proverbs
- 業によりて果を引く (gō ni yorite ka o hiku): you reap what you sow, what goes around comes around
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 業 |
| なり Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[4]
Derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 業る (naru, “to earn a living”). Ultimately of same origin as verb なる (to become).[5]
Noun
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) a living, a job, what one does to earn a living
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 業 |
| わざ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[6]
Alternative forms
Noun
- a work of great significance or intent
- an intentional act or action
- (Buddhism) a Buddhist memorial service
- one's job, occupation, profession
- a matter or affair: implies a complication or problem
- 容易な業ではありませんよ。
- Yōi na waza de wa arimasen yo.
- It's no easy matter, I tell you.
- 容易な業ではありませんよ。
- a technique, a means of doing something
- 業を磨く
- waza o migaku
- polish one's technique
- 業を磨く
- a move or technique in sumo, judo, kendo, or other competitive activity
- a disaster, misfortune, calamity
Related terms
- (intentional act): 態と (waza to): intentionally, deliberately
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 805), text here
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 721), text here
Korean
Hanja
業 • (eop) (hangeul 업, revised eop, McCune–Reischauer ŏp, Yale ep)
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Vietnamese
Han character
業 (nghiệp)
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