fiar
English
Etymology
See feuar.
Noun
fiar (plural fiars)
- (Scotland, law) One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to the estate of a liferenter.
- 1816, Walter Scott, The Black Dwarf, 1831, A Complete Edition of the Waverley Novels, Volume 13, page 108,
- I say, since ye hae sae muckle consideration for me, I'se be blithe to accept your kindness; and my mother and me (she's a life-renter, and I am fiar, o' the lands o' Wideopen) would grant you a wadset, or an heritable bond, for the siller, and to pay the annual-rent half-yearly; and Saunders Wyliecoat to draw the bond, and you to be at nae charge wi' the writings.
- 1816, Walter Scott, The Black Dwarf, 1831, A Complete Edition of the Waverley Novels, Volume 13, page 108,
- The price of grain in the counties of Scotland, as legally fixed on an annual basis.
- 1817, Committee members, Report respecting the Striking of the Fiars of Grain for the Crop of 1816 for the County of Lanark, The Farmers Magazine, Volume 18, page 310,
- It seems to be a practice as improper as it is unnecessary, to strike the fiars in three different qualities of the same species of grain; and it should, in our humble opinion, be discontinued.
- 1842, Fife Fiars, from 1619 to 1841 Inclusive, page vi,
- It was answered by the Sheriff. 1st, That the Act of Sederunt did not impose any positive injunction on Sheriffs to strike Fiars; that if the Fiars were substantially just, the Court could have no power to reduce them; and that the Act of Sederunt had never been observed in East Lothian; […] .
- 1852, George Paterson, Historical Account of the Fiars in Scotland, page 7,
- In further confirmation that this is not the date of the origin, it may be stated, that there is very early mention of Commissaries' Fiars, Sir John Connell tracing the commencement of these so far back as the Reformation, when Commissary or Consistorial Courts were established, in place of those of the bishops or their officials; and notice is taken of the Fiars prices of grain in the records of the Commissary Court so far back as 1564—somewhat earlier than the statute above quoted.
- 1817, Committee members, Report respecting the Striking of the Fiars of Grain for the Crop of 1816 for the County of Lanark, The Farmers Magazine, Volume 18, page 310,
Derived terms
- fiars prices
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for fiar in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Vulgar Latin *fidō, from Latin fīdō, fīdere (“to trust”).
Conjugation
infinitive | fiar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | fiant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | fiat | fiada | |||||
plural | fiats | fiades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fio | fies | fia | fiem | fieu | fien | |
imperfect | fiava | fiaves | fiava | fiàvem | fiàveu | fiaven | |
future | fiaré | fiaràs | fiarà | fiarem | fiareu | fiaran | |
preterite | fií | fiares | fià | fiàrem | fiàreu | fiaren | |
conditional | fiaria | fiaries | fiaria | fiaríem | fiaríeu | fiarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | fiï | fiïs | fiï | fiem | fieu | fiïn | |
imperfect | fiés | fiessis | fiés | fiéssim | fiéssiu | fiessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | fia | fiï | fiem | fieu | fiïn |
Further reading
- “fiar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dalmatian
Galician
.jpg.webp)
Etymology 1
From Late Latin fīlāre, from fīlum (“thread”). Compare Portuguese fiar, Spanish hilar, Italian filare, French filer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fiˈaɾ/
Verb
fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado)
- to spin (to make yarn)
- to string together, put together (words or ideas)
Conjugation
infinitive | fiar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fiando | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | fiado | fiados | |||||
feminine | fiada | fiadas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | fío | fías | fía | fiamos | fiades | fían | |
imperfect | fiaba | fiabas | fiaba | fiabamos | fiabades | fiaban | |
preterite | fiei | fiaches | fiou | fiamos | fiastes | fiaron | |
pluperfect | fiara | fiaras | fiara | fiaramos | fiarades | fiaran | |
future | fiarei | fiarás | fiará | fiaremos | fiaredes | fiarán | |
conditional | fiaría | fiarías | fiaría | fiariamos | fiariades | fiarían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | fíe | fíes | fíe | fiemos | fiedes | fíen | |
preterite | fiase | fiases | fiase | fiásemos | fiásedes | fiasen | |
future | fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiaren | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | fía | fíe | fiemos | fiade | fíen | |
affirmative | — | fíes | fíe | fiemos | fiedes | fíen | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiaren |
Etymology 2
From Vulgar Latin *fidare, from Latin fīdō, fīdere (“to trust”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fiˈaɾ/
Verb
fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fiei, past participle fiado)
Conjugation
infinitive | fiar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fiando | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | fiado | fiados | |||||
feminine | fiada | fiadas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | fío | fías | fía | fiamos | fiades | fían | |
imperfect | fiaba | fiabas | fiaba | fiabamos | fiabades | fiaban | |
preterite | fiei | fiaches | fiou | fiamos | fiastes | fiaron | |
pluperfect | fiara | fiaras | fiara | fiaramos | fiarades | fiaran | |
future | fiarei | fiarás | fiará | fiaremos | fiaredes | fiarán | |
conditional | fiaría | fiarías | fiaría | fiariamos | fiariades | fiarían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | fíe | fíes | fíe | fiemos | fiedes | fíen | |
preterite | fiase | fiases | fiase | fiásemos | fiásedes | fiasen | |
future | fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiaren | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | fía | fíe | fiemos | fiade | fíen | |
affirmative | — | fíes | fíe | fiemos | fiedes | fíen | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiaren |
References
- “fiar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
- “fiar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “fiar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- “fiar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “fiar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “fiar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish fiar, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (compare Welsh gŵyr), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro-s (“turned, twisted”) (compare English wire), from *weh₁-y (“turn, twist”) (compare Old Church Slavonic вити (viti), Latin vieō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʲiəɾˠ/
Noun
fiar m (genitive singular fiair, nominative plural fiara)
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | fiar | fhiar | fiara; fhiara² | |
Vocative | fhéir | fiara | ||
Genitive | fiare | fiara | fiar | |
Dative | fiar; fhiar¹ |
fhiar; fhéir (archaic) |
fiara; fhiara² | |
Comparative | níos fiare | |||
Superlative | is fiare |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Verb
fiar (present analytic fiarann, future analytic fiarfaidh, verbal noun fiaradh, past participle fiartha)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | fiaraim | fiarann tú; fiarair† |
fiarann sé, sí | fiaraimid | fiarann sibh | fiarann siad; fiaraid† |
a fhiarann; a fhiaras / a bhfiarann*; a bhfiaras* |
fiartar |
past | d'fhiar mé; d'fhiaras / fhiar mé‡; fhiaras‡ |
d'fhiar tú; d'fhiarais / fhiar tú; fhiarais‡ |
d'fhiar sé, sí / fhiar sé, sí‡ |
d'fhiaramar; d'fhiar muid / fhiaramar; fhiar muid‡ |
d'fhiar sibh; d'fhiarabhair / fhiar sibh; fhiarabhair‡ |
d'fhiar siad; d'fhiaradar / fhiar siad; fhiaradar‡ |
a d'fhiar / ar fhiar* |
fiaradh | |
past habitual | d'fhiarainn / fhiarainn‡ |
d'fhiartá / fhiartᇠ|
d'fhiaradh sé, sí / fhiaradh sé, sí‡ |
d'fhiaraimis; d'fhiaradh muid / fhiaraimis; fhiaradh muid‡ |
d'fhiaradh sibh / fhiaradh sibh‡ |
d'fhiaraidís; d'fhiaradh siad / fhiaraidís; fhiaradh siad‡ |
a d'fhiaradh / ar fhiaradh* |
d'fhiartaí / fhiartaí‡ | |
future | fiarfaidh mé; fiarfad |
fiarfaidh tú; fiarfair† |
fiarfaidh sé, sí | fiarfaimid; fiarfaidh muid |
fiarfaidh sibh | fiarfaidh siad; fiarfaid† |
a fhiarfaidh; a fhiarfas / a bhfiarfaidh*; a bhfiarfas* |
fiarfar | |
conditional | d'fhiarfainn / fhiarfainn‡; bhfiarfainn‡‡ | d'fhiarfá / fhiarfá‡; bhfiarfᇇ | d'fhiarfadh sé, sí / fhiarfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiarfadh sé, s퇇 | d'fhiarfaimis; d'fhiarfadh muid / fhiarfaimis‡; fhiarfadh muid‡; bhfiarfaimis‡‡; bhfiarfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhiarfadh sibh / fhiarfadh sibh‡; bhfiarfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhiarfaidís; d'fhiarfadh siad / fhiarfaidís‡; fhiarfadh siad‡; bhfiarfaidís‡‡; bhfiarfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhiarfadh / ar fhiarfadh* |
d'fhiarfaí / fhiarfaí‡; bhfiarfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go bhfiara mé; go bhfiarad† |
go bhfiara tú; go bhfiarair† |
go bhfiara sé, sí | go bhfiaraimid; go bhfiara muid |
go bhfiara sibh | go bhfiara siad; go bhfiaraid† |
— | go bhfiartar |
past | dá bhfiarainn | dá bhfiartá | dá bhfiaradh sé, sí | dá bhfiaraimis; dá bhfiaradh muid |
dá bhfiaradh sibh | dá bhfiaraidís; dá bhfiaradh siad |
— | dá bhfiartaí | |
imperative | fiaraim | fiar | fiaradh sé, sí | fiaraimis | fiaraigí; fiaraidh† |
fiaraidís | — | fiartar | |
verbal noun | fiaradh | ||||||||
past participle | fiartha |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
fiar | fhiar | bhfiar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- “fíar” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- "fiar" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Entries containing “fiar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “fiar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Portuguese
Etymology 1
From Late Latin fīlāre < Latin fīlum. Compare Spanish hilar, Italian filare, French filer.
Conjugation
Notes:[edit] | ||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | fiar | |||||
Personal | fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiarem |
Gerund | ||||||
fiando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | fiado | fiados | ||||
Feminine | fiada | fiadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | fio | fias | fia | fiamos | fiais | fiam |
Imperfect | fiava | fiavas | fiava | fiávamos | fiáveis | fiavam |
Preterite | fiei | fiaste | fiou | fiamos fiámos |
fiastes | fiaram |
Pluperfect | fiara | fiaras | fiara | fiáramos | fiáreis | fiaram |
Future | fiarei | fiarás | fiará | fiaremos | fiareis | fiarão |
Conditional | ||||||
fiaria | fiarias | fiaria | fiaríamos | fiaríeis | fiariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | fie | fies | fie | fiemos | fieis | fiem |
Imperfect | fiasse | fiasses | fiasse | fiássemos | fiásseis | fiassem |
Future | fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | - | fia | fie | fiemos | fiai | fiem |
Negative (não) | - | fies | fie | fiemos | fieis | fiem |
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Vulgar Latin *fidare, from Latin fidere, present active infinitive of fidō.
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈfjaɾ/
Conjugation
Notes:[edit] | ||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | fiar | |||||
Personal | fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiarem |
Gerund | ||||||
fiando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | fiado | fiados | ||||
Feminine | fiada | fiadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | fio | fias | fia | fiamos | fiais | fiam |
Imperfect | fiava | fiavas | fiava | fiávamos | fiáveis | fiavam |
Preterite | fiei | fiaste | fiou | fiamos fiámos |
fiastes | fiaram |
Pluperfect | fiara | fiaras | fiara | fiáramos | fiáreis | fiaram |
Future | fiarei | fiarás | fiará | fiaremos | fiareis | fiarão |
Conditional | ||||||
fiaria | fiarias | fiaria | fiaríamos | fiaríeis | fiariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | fie | fies | fie | fiemos | fieis | fiem |
Imperfect | fiasse | fiasses | fiasse | fiássemos | fiásseis | fiassem |
Future | fiar | fiares | fiar | fiarmos | fiardes | fiarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | - | fia | fie | fiemos | fiai | fiem |
Negative (não) | - | fies | fie | fiemos | fieis | fiem |
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
- fiaraich (verb)
Etymology
From Middle Irish fiar, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (compare Welsh gŵyr), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro-s (“turned, twisted”) (compare English wire), from *weh₁-y (“turn, twist”) (compare Old Church Slavonic вити (viti), Latin vieō).
Spanish
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *fidare, from Latin fīdere, present active infinitive of fīdō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfjaɾ/
Verb
fiar (first-person singular present fío, first-person singular preterite fie, past participle fiado)
Conjugation
- Rule: stressed í in certain conjugations; monosyllabic infinitives receive no written accent in certain conjugations. This change was put into effect in the 2010 spelling reforms by the RAE, so some other forms are still commonly seen.
infinitive | fiar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fiando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | fiado | fiada | |||||
plural | fiados | fiadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | fío | fíastú fias, fiásvos |
fía | fiamos | fiais, fiáis | fían | |
imperfect | fiaba | fiabas | fiaba | fiábamos | fiabais | fiaban | |
preterite | fie, fié | fiaste | fio, fió | fiamos | fiasteis | fiaron | |
future | fiaré | fiarás | fiará | fiaremos | fiaréis | fiarán | |
conditional | fiaría | fiarías | fiaría | fiaríamos | fiaríais | fiarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | fíe | fíestú fiéis, fieisvos2 |
fíe | fiemos | fieis | fíen | |
imperfect (ra) |
fiara | fiaras | fiara | fiáramos | fiarais | fiaran | |
imperfect (se) |
fiase | fiases | fiase | fiásemos | fiaseis | fiasen | |
future1 | fiare | fiares | fiare | fiáremos | fiareis | fiaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | fíatú fiá, fiavos |
fíe | fiemos | fiad | fíen | ||
negative | no fíes | no fíe | no fiemos | no fieis | no fíen |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
- 2 Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive fiar | |||||||
dative | fiarme | fiarte | fiarle, fiarse | fiarnos | fiaros | fiarles, fiarse | |
accusative | fiarme | fiarte | fiarlo, fiarla, fiarse | fiarnos | fiaros | fiarlos, fiarlas, fiarse | |
with gerund fiando | |||||||
dative | fiándome | fiándote | fiándole, fiándose | fiándonos | fiándoos | fiándoles, fiándose | |
accusative | fiándome | fiándote | fiándolo, fiándola, fiándose | fiándonos | fiándoos | fiándolos, fiándolas, fiándose | |
with informal second-person singular imperative fía | |||||||
dative | fíame | fíate | fíale | fíanos | not used | fíales | |
accusative | fíame | fíate | fíalo, fíala | fíanos | not used | fíalos, fíalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative fíe | |||||||
dative | fíeme | not used | fíele, fíese | fíenos | not used | fíeles | |
accusative | fíeme | not used | fíelo, fíela, fíese | fíenos | not used | fíelos, fíelas | |
with first-person plural imperative fiemos | |||||||
dative | not used | fiémoste | fiémosle | fiémonos | fiémoos | fiémosles | |
accusative | not used | fiémoste | fiémoslo, fiémosla | fiémonos | fiémoos | fiémoslos, fiémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative fiad | |||||||
dative | fiadme | not used | fiadle | fiadnos | fiaos | fiadles | |
accusative | fiadme | not used | fiadlo, fiadla | fiadnos | fiaos | fiadlos, fiadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative fíen | |||||||
dative | fíenme | not used | fíenle | fíennos | not used | fíenles, fíense | |
accusative | fíenme | not used | fíenlo, fíenla | fíennos | not used | fíenlos, fíenlas, fíense |
Further reading
- “fiar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.